Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 30. Chapters: Nizhny Novgorod, Kstovo, Dzerzhinsk, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod Metro, Sarov, Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112, Gorodets, Arzamas, Shukhov Rotunda, All-Russia Exhibition 1896, Pechersky Ascension Monastery, Jewish community of Nizhny Novgorod, MERA Networks, Semyonov, Balakhna, Bor, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Sokol plant, List of people in Nizhny Novgorod, Chkalovsk, Russia, Knyaginino, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Zavolzhye, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Vyksa, Navashino, Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Lyskovo, Gorbatov, Volodarsk, Russia, Kulebaki, Vorsma, Uren, Vetluga, Bogorodsk, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Pervomaysk, Russia, Shakhunya, Sergach, Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory, Lukoyanov, Perevoz, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Joseph Stalin Factory No. 92. Excerpt: Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: , IPA: ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, is, with the population of 1,250,600, the fifth largest city in Russia, ranking after Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, and Yekaterinburg. It is the economic and cultural center of the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and also the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Volga Federal District. From 1932 to 1990, the city was known as Gorky (, IPA: ), after the writer Maxim Gorky who was born there. The city is an important economic, transport and cultural center of the Russian Federation. After the destruction of the Mordvin Inazor Obram administrative centre and hillfort named Obran Osh (Ashli) at the site of future stone Kremlin in 1220, a small Russian wooden hillfort was founded by Grand Duke Yuri II of Russia in 1221. Located at the confluence of two most important rivers of his principality, the Volga (Mordvin "Rav" or "Rava"), and the Oka, and Obran Osh was renamed Nizhny Novgorod. Its name literally means Lower Newtown, to distinguish it from the older Veliky Novgorod. Its indepen...