Ergonomics promotes sustainability through the presence of more humane companies, that is, healthier, safer, more comfortable and efficient businesses with one of the objectives of the business being the promotion of well-being in the context of the discourse on sustainability. Taking health into account in business policies helps ensure sustainable production systems. The role of ergonomics in companies in the business sustainability environment can contribute to increasing the performance of the organization. Sustainable development includes social aspects among its objectives, where work and the worker are fundamental. Likewise, work can also benefit sustainable development since workers are active agents in society. Sustainable work is one that improves the performance of the organization and promotes professional development, as well as the health of workers in a broad and positive way (not limited to the absence of disease, but in the sense of building health) and well-being. In this way, respect and the development of intelligence and creativity (in the face of alienating work) are promoted when carrying out work that makes sense, where not only is the profound importance of physical, cognitive and organizational issues understood, but also , above all, the importance of work for the development of culture. There seems to be a natural synergy between sustainability and ergonomics, with the aim of understanding and optimizing the results of human system interactions. When speaking of men (human factor), machines (technical factor) and environment (socio-technical factor), one must try to find the concrete conditions of their interaction through the integrated ergonomic triad. The result of integration is a whole of common characteristics that is above the individual characteristics of the factors, to humanize the other elements in terms of man. The objective of this book is to present the new trends in sustainable work through the analysis and application of methods to evaluate and improve the interaction of human beings with their work, their work area, and their environment. This book is divided into sections that focus on concept chapters, case studies, and research work in the industry, suggesting the use of method engineering tools, physical ergonomics, organizational ergonomics, cognitive ergonomics, environmental ergonomics, and sustainable development. The target audience includes students, academics, researchers, engineers working in the industry, professionals responsible for ergonomics or safety and hygiene, and the general professional public committed to the well-being of human capital and the performance of the organization. Therefore, the contributions should address the scientific and practical implications of industrial engineering, ergonomics, and sustainable development in manufacturing and services.