Apply these eight learning principles for more effective teaching As educators in the ever-evolving landscape of higher education, we are continuously challenged to keep our courses effective, engaging, relevant, and inclusive. The updated and expanded second edition of How Learning Works can help! It incorporates the latest research, provides a wider range of strategies, and adds a new principle to your toolkit. Readers will find eight essential learning principles that distill the overwhelming research literature into: Real-world teaching and learning scenarios Examples that reflect a diverse set of teaching environments and learner populations 150 practical strategies you can apply to your teaching context With these practical, broadly applicable insights, you can: Understand why your successful teaching approaches work Solve common teaching and learning problems Adapt your teaching to new modalities (e.g., online, hybrid) and challenges Ground your innovations in evidence-based practice Based on research from cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, education, anthropology, and more—this book makes learning work…for you and your students.

Table of Contents:
List of Figures, Tables, and Exhibits xi Foreword to the First Edition: Applying the Science of Learning to College Teaching Richard E. Mayer xiii Acknowledgments xvii About the Authors xix Preface to the Second Edition xxiii Introduction Bridging Learning Research and Teaching Practice 1 1 Why Do Students’ Identities and Stages of Development Matter for Learning? 9 2 How Does Students’ Prior Knowledge Affect Their Learning? 39 3 How Does the Way Students Organize Knowledge Affect Their Learning? 64 4 What Factors Motivate Students to Learn? 84 5 How Do Students Develop Mastery? 106 6 What Kinds of Practice and Feedback Enhance Learning? 130 7 Why Does Course Climate Matter for Student Learning? 162 8 How Do Students Become Self- Directed Learners? 187 Conclusion Applying the Eight Principles to Ourselves 212 Appendices Appendix A What Are Instructor Self- Assessments/Reflections and How Can We Use Them? 219 Appendix B What Are Ground Rules and How Can We Use Them? 223 Appendix C What Are Student Self- Assessments and How Can We Use Them? 226 Appendix D What Are Concept Maps and How Can We Use Them? 229 Appendix E What Are Rubrics and How Can We Use Them? 232 Appendix F What Are Learner Checklists and How Can We Use Them? 242 Appendix G What Are Learning Objectives and How Can We Use Them? 244 Appendix H What Are Active Learning Strategies and How Can We Use Them? 247 Appendix I What Are Reader Responses/Peer Reviews and How Can We Use Them? 250 Appendix J What Are Exam Wrappers and How Can We Use Them? 252 References 255 Name Index 287 Subject Index 299