Oral Wound Healing: Cell Biology and Clinical Management brings experts from around the world together to provide an authoritative reference on the processes, principles and clinical management of wound healing in the oral mucosa. Promoting a thorough understanding of current research on the topic, this new resource draws together thinking on the basic biological processes of wound healing in the oral environment, as well as providing more detailed information and discussion on processes such as inflammation, reepithelialization and angiogenesis. Beyond this, the book goes on to examine topics pertinent to the effective clinical management of oral wound healing, bringing together chapters on large dento-facial defects, dental implants, periodontal regeneration, and pulp healing.An essential synthesis of current research and clinical applications, Oral Wound Healing will be an indispensable resource for dental specialists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons as well as researchers in oral medicine and biology.

Table of Contents:
Contributors xiii Preface xvii 1 Oral Wound Healing: An Overview 1 Hannu Larjava Clotting and inflammation (chapters 2, 3 and 4) 1 Re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation (chapters 5 and 6) 2 Angiogenesis (chapter 7) 3 Healing of extraction sockets (chapter 8) 4 Flap design for periodontal wound healing (chapter 9) 4 Regeneration of periodontal tissues (chapters 10 and 11) 5 Osteointegration and soft tissue healing around dental implants (chapter 12) 6 The pulp healing process (chapter 13) 7 Dermal wound healing and burn wounds (chapter 14) 7 Healing of large dentofacial defects (chapter 15) 8 References 9 2 Hemostasis, Coagulation and Complications 11 Carol Oakley and Hannu Larjava Introduction 11 Primary hemostasis 12 Secondary hemostasis and the coagulation system 13 Tertiary hemostasis 16 Tissue factor 16 Von willebrand factor 17 Other coagulation factors 17 Cell-centric model of hemostasis: from initiation to propagation 18 The procoagulant membrane 20 Membrane particles 22 Endothelium and hemostasis 22 Pro- and anticoagulant functions 22 Platelets 24 Coagulation and wound healing 26 Limitations of the waterfall cascade model and screening laboratory tests 26 Implications for laboratory tests 27 Pre-surgical evaluation to prevent bleeding problems 27 Conclusions 32 References 32 3 Inflammation and Wound Healing 39 Anna Turabelidze and Luisa Ann DiPietro Introduction 39 The innate immune response in wounds 39 Inflammatory cell infiltration into wounds 40 Inflammatory cell function in wounds 41 Cytokines and chemokines in wounds 44 Inflammation in oral mucosal wounds 47 Inflammation in fetal wounds 48 Role of inflammation in keloids 49 Inflammation and diabetic wounds 49 Conclusions 50 References 50 4 Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Derived Fatty Acid Mediators: Wiring the Circuitry of Effector Immune Homeostasis 57 Gabrielle Fredman and Charles N. Serhan Inflammation: the cardinal signs 57 Complete resolution and tissue homeostasis is the ideal outcome of acute inflammation 58 Lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins: semper vigilantes of anti-inflammation and pro-resolution 60 Resolution of inflammation is an actively regulated process in vivo 66 Resolvins and protectins are protective in experimental models of inflammatory diseases 67 Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in oral medicine: restoration of tissue homeostasis in experimental periodontitis 70 Resolution and wound healing 72 Anti-inflammation vs. Pro-resolution 72 Clinical implications and the development of stable analogs 74 Conclusions 74 Acknowledgments 75 References 75 5 Re-epithelialization of Wounds 81 Leeni Koivisto, Lari Häkkinen and Hannu Larjava Introduction 81 Keratinocytes form a protective barrier between an organism and its environment 81 Keratinocytes are activated rapidly to restore the epithelial barrier after wounding 82 Many different factors contribute to re-epithelialization 84 Final stages of re-epithelialization 106 Failure to re-epithelialize: chronic wounds 107 Conclusions 107 References 108 6 Granulation Tissue Formation and Remodeling 125 Lari Häkkinen, Hannu Larjava and Leeni Koivisto Introduction 125 Overview of connective tissue response to wounding 126 Wound healing stages 129 Origin and identity of wound fibroblasts 129 Granulation tissue formation 134 Connective tissue remodeling 151 Re-emergence of quiescent fibroblast phenotype 156 Specific features of oral mucosal wound healing 157 Conclusions 159 Acknowledgments 159 References 159 7 Angiogenesis and Wound Healing: Basic Discoveries, Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Opportunities 175 Peter J. Polverini Introduction 175 How blood vessels develop 175 Early mechanistic insights into the angiogenic response: from solid tumors to chronic inflammation and wound healing 177 The role of other inflammatory cells in angiogenesis 179 Matrix molecules 180 Vascular endothelial growth factor and the modern era of angiogenesis research 181 Signaling networks of potential importance in wound neovascularization 182 Inhibitors of angiogenesis: important counterweights in wound neovascularization 184 The role of aberrant wound angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus 186 Conclusions 187 References 188 8 Wound Healing of Extraction Sockets 195 Roberto Farina and Leonardo Trombelli Healing of extraction sockets 195 Factors influencing the healing of extraction sockets 202 Healing of extraction sockets following immediate implant placement 203 Does the use of reconstructive technologies alter the healing of extraction sockets? 211 Conclusions 223 References 223 9 Flap Designs for Periodontal Healing 229 Leonardo Trombelli and Roberto Farina Flap management, wound stability and periodontal regeneration 229 Flap designs to achieve primary closure 230 Surgical treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects: technical hints 237 Conclusions 240 References 241 10 Periodontal Regeneration: Experimental Observations – Clinical Consequences 243 Ulf M.E. Wikesjö, Cristiano Susin, Jaebum Lee, Douglas P. Dickinson and Giuseppe Polimeni Introduction 243 Wound healing 244 Periodontal wound healing 245 Periodontal regeneration – new attachment 247 Wound stability 248 Space provision 251 Wound closure for primary intention healing 256 Conclusions 256 Acknowledgment 257 References 257 11 Biological Agents and Cell Therapies in Periodontal Regeneration 261 Hannu Larjava, Yi Yang, Edward Putnins, Jyrki Heino and Lari Häkkinen Introduction 261 Adjunct growth factors in periodontal wound repair 261 PDGF and IGF-1 in periodontal regeneration 262 Platelet-rich plasma in periodontal therapy 265 FGF-2 in periodontal regeneration 265 Growth and differentiation factor-5 in periodontal regeneration 266 Other growth factors in periodontal regeneration 267 Bioactive collagen-derived peptide in periodontal regeneration (PepGen P-15®) 267 Enamel matrix proteins in periodontal regeneration and wound healing 269 Stem cells in periodontal wound healing 273 Conclusions 275 References 275 12 Wound Healing Around Dental Implants 287 Cristina Cunha Villar, Guy Huynh-Ba, Michael P. Mills and David L. Cochran Introduction 287 Historical development 287 Titanium – the metal of choice 290 Healing following implant placement 291 Peri-implant soft tissue healing 291 Implant/peri-implant mucosa interface 292 Peri-implant hard tissue healing 294 From healing to clinical application 296 Implant stability testing 297 Wound healing and loading protocols 302 Conclusions 303 References 304 13 The Pulp Healing Process: From Generation to Regeneration 313 Stéphane Simon, Anthony J. Smith, Philip J. Lumley, Paul R. Cooper, and Ariane Berdal From generation to regeneration 313 At the molecular level 323 Conclusion 328 References 328 14 Dermal Wound Healing and Burn Wounds 333 Anthony Papp Introduction 333 Burn injury 333 Skin anatomy 334 Burn depth 336 Wound healing 338 Treatment 340 Special features in perioral burns 342 Conclusions 343 References 344 15 Healing of Large Dentofacial Defects 347 George K.B. Sándor, Robert P. Carmichael, Leena P. Ylikontiola, Ahmed Jan, Marc G. DuVal and Cameron M.L. Clokie Introduction 347 The need for bone 349 Bone healing 349 Surgical maneuvers to induce and promote healing of large defects 355 Specifically difficult wounds 383 Conclusions 391 References 392 Index 397