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Progress in Botany/Fortschritte Der Botanik: Morphology Physiology Genetics Taxonomy Geobotany / Morphologie Physiologie Genetik Systematik Geobotanik(40 Progress in Botany)

Progress in Botany/Fortschritte Der Botanik: Morphology Physiology Genetics Taxonomy Geobotany / Morphologie Physiologie Genetik Systematik Geobotanik(40 Progress in Botany)

          
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Table of Contents:
A. Morphology.- I. Cytology.- a)General and Molecular Cytology..- 1. Microbodies.- a) Occurrence and Types of Microbodies.- b) Origin and Development of Microbodies.- 2. Structure and Biosynthesis of the Plant Cell Wall.- a) In vitro Biosynthesis of Structural Polysaccharides.- b) Nascent Stages of Cellulose Biosynthesis.- c) Freeze-Etch Particles and "Microfibril-Synthesizing Centers".- d) Cytological Site of Microfibril Synthesis.- e) Microtubules and Cell Wall Formation.- f) Inhibitors of Cell Wall Formation.- References.- b) Special Cytology: Cytology and Morphogenesis of the Prokaryotic Cell..- 1. Cell Wall.- a) Interference With Host Cells.- b) Receptors of Virions and Transport Proteins.- c) Architecture and Formation of the Cell Wall.- 2. Morphogenesis and Differentiation.- a) Budding and Prosthecate Bacteria.- b) Actinomycetes.- c) Cell Differentiation in Cyanobacteria.- d) Intracellular Differentiation.- References.- c) Special Cytology: Morphology and Morphogenesis of Eukaryotic Algal Cells..- 1. Organisation of Vegetative Cells, Excluding Nuclei and Cell Coverings.- a) Chloroplasts and pyrenoids.- b) Flagella.- c) Golgi Bodies (Dictyosomes).- d) Mitochondria.- e) Other Organelles and Cell Components, Including Microbodies, Membranes, Microfilaments, and Lysosomes.- f) General Studies With Taxonomic Implications.- 2. Nucleus, Nuclear Division, and Cytokinesis.- 3. Cell Coverings, Including Cell Walls and Scales.- a) Cell Walls.- b) Diatom Frustules.- c) Scales.- d) Sheaths, Loricae, and Stalks.- e) Periplasts, Thecae, and Pellicles.- 4. Reproductive Stages.- a) Zoospores and zoosporangia.- b) Gametes, Fertilisation, and Zygotes.- c) Cysts and Resting Spores.- d) Inversion.- 5. Parasitism and Symbiosis.- 6. Viruses.- References.- II. Morphologie und Anatomie der hoheren Pflanzen.- a) Vergleichende Morphologie des Vegetationskaerpers einschliesslich der Bluten..- 1. Allgemeines.- 2. Meristeme.- a) SproBscheitelmeristeme.- b) Blattrandmeristeme.- c) Wurzelscheitelmeristeme.- 3. Embryoentwicklung.- 4. Blattmorphologie.- 5. Wurzeln.- 6. Achsenkaerper und Verzweigungssysteme.- a) Gliederung und Verzweigung des Achsenkaerpers.- b) Wuchsformen.- c) Infloreszenzen.- 7. Bluten.- a) Allgemeines.- b) Perianth.- c) Androeceum.- d) Gynoeceum.- Literatur.- b) Embryologie und Pollenmorphologie..- 1. Allgemeines.- 2. Systematische Embryologie.- 3. Pollenmorphologie, Antherentapetum, mannlicher Gametophyt.- 4. Samenanlage und Samenschale.- 5. Makrosporogenese, primares Endosperm und Embryo der Gymnospermen.- 6. Embryosack der Angiospermen.- 7. Befruchtung.- 8. Endosperm der Angiospermen.- 9. Embryo der Angiospermen.- 10. Apomixis, experimentelle Embryogenese.- Literatur.- c) Vegetative Anatomie der Spermatophyta..- 1. Vorbemerkung.- 2. Allgemeines.- 3. Die sekundare Organisation der Sprossachse.- a) Theorien zur Xylem-Evolution.- b) Systematisch-deskriptive Holzanatomie.- c) Einzelne Xylemstrukturen unter verschiedenen Aspekten.- d) Methoden deskriptiver Holzanatomie.- e) Kambium, Bast und Borke.- 4. Die sekundare Organisation der Wurzel.- Literatur.- B. Physiology.- I. Cell Physiology. Cell Electrophysiology and Membrane Transport.- 1. Prefatory Remarks.- 2. Primary Active Transport.- a) The Proton Pump.- b) Chloride Pumping.- c) Metabolic "Action" Potentials.- d) Plasma Membrane ATPases in vitro.- 3. Proton-Sugar Cotransport.- 4. Cation Transport and Hormone Action.- 5. Transmembrane Diffusion.- a) Membrane Permeability and Ionophors.- b) Auxin Transport.- 6. Localization of Transport.- 7. Photomodulated Transport.- 8. Regulation of Cell Growth and Turgor.- References.- Photosynthesis. Control of Carbon Metabolism Through Enzyme Regulation and Membrane-Mediated Metabolite Transport.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Reductive Pentose Phosphate Cycle (Calvin Cycle).- a) Enzymes of the Cycle.- b) Light-Mediated Effects on Enzyme Activity.- 3. The Chloroplast.- a) The Chloroplast Envelope.- b) Stroma and Thylakoids.- 4. Products of Photosynthesis.- a) Starch.- b) Sucrose.- c) Amino Acids.- 5. Photorespiration.- a) The Pathway.- b) The Purpose.- 6. C4 Metabolism.- a) C4 Plants.- b) Crassulacean Acid Metabolism.- c) C4 Metabolism.- References.- Metabolism of Organic Acids.- 1. Current Reviews.- 2. Taxonomic Distribution of CAM Plants.- 3. Carbon Flow in CAM.- a) ss.- d) Cytological Site of Microfibril Synthesis.- e) Microtubules and Cell Wall Formation.- f) Inhibitors of Cell Wall Formation.- References.- b) Special Cytology: Cytology and Morphogenesis of the Prokaryotic Cell..- 1. Cell Wall.- a) Interference With Host Cells.- b) Receptors of Virions and Transport Proteins.- c) Architecture and Formation of the Cell Wall.- 2. Morphogenesis and Differentiation.- a) Budding and Prosthecate Bacteria.- b) Actinomycetes.- c) Cell Differentiation in Cyanobacteria.- d) Intracellular Differentiation.- References.- c) Special Cytology: Morphology and Morphogenesis of Eukaryotic Algal Cells..- 1. Organisation of Vegetative Cells, Excluding Nuclei and Cell Coverings.- a) Chloroplasts and pyrenoids.- b) Flagella.- c) Golgi Bodies (Dictyosomes).- d) Mitochondria.- e) Other Organelles and Cell Components, Including Microbodies, Membranes, Microfilaments, and Lysosomes.- f) General Studies With Taxonomic Implications.- 2. Nucleus, Nuclear Division, and Cytokinesis.- 3. Cell Coverings, Including Cell Walls and Scales.- a) Cell Walls.- b) Diatom Frustules.- c) Scales.- d) Sheaths, Loricae, and Stalks.- e) Periplasts, Thecae, and Pellicles.- 4. Reproductive Stages.- a) Zoospores and zoosporangia.- b) Gametes, Fertilisation, and Zygotes.- c) Cysts and Resting Spores.- d) Inversion.- 5. Parasitism and Symbiosis.- 6. Viruses.- References.- II. Morphologie und Anatomie der hoheren Pflanzen.- a) Vergleichende Morphologie des Vegetationskaerpers einschliesslich der Bluten..- 1. Allgemeines.- 2. Meristeme.- a) SproBscheitelmeristeme.- b) Blattrandmeristeme.- c) Wurzelscheitelmeristeme.- 3. Embryoentwicklung.- 4. Blattmorphologie.- 5. Wurzeln.- 6. Achsenkaerper und Verzweigungssysteme.- a) Gliederung und Verzweigung des Achsenkaerpers.- b) Wuchsformen.- c) Infloreszenzen.- 7. Bluten.- a) Allgemeines.- b) Perianth.- c) Androeceum.- d) Gynoeceum.- Literatur.- b) Embryologie und Pollenmorphologie..- 1. Allgemeines.- 2. Systematische Embryologie.- 3. Pollenmorphologie, Antherentapetum, mannlicher Gametophyt.- 4. Samenanlage und Samenschale.- 5. Makrosporogenese, primares Endosperm und Embryo der Gymnospermen.- 6. Embryosack der Angiospermen.- 7. Befruchtung.- 8. Endosperm der Angiospermen.- 9. Embryo der Angiospermen.- 10. Apomixis, experimentelle Embryogenese.- Literatur.- c) Vegetative Anatomie der Spermatophyta..- 1. Vorbemerkung.- 2. Allgemeines.- 3. Die sekundare Organisation der Sprossachse.- a) Theorien zur Xylem-Evolution.- b) Systematisch-deskriptive Holzanatomie.- c) Einzelne Xylemstrukturen unter verschiedenen Aspekten.- d) Methoden deskriptiver Holzanatomie.- e) Kambium, Bast und Borke.- 4. Die sekundare Organisation der Wurzel.- Literatur.- B. Physiology.- I. Cell Physiology. Cell Electrophysiology and Membrane Transport.- 1. Prefatory Remarks.- 2. Primary Active Transport.- a) The Proton Pump.- b) Chloride Pumping.- c) Metabolic "Action" Potentials.- d) Plasma Membrane ATPases in vitro.- 3. Proton-Sugar Cotransport.- 4. Cation Transport and Hormone Action.- 5. Transmembrane Diffusion.- a) Membrane Permeability and Ionophors.- b) Auxin Transport.- 6. Localization of Transport.- 7. Photomodulated Transport.- 8. Regulation of Cell Growth and Turgor.- References.- Photosynthesis. Control of Carbon Metabolism Through Enzyme Regulation and Membrane-Mediated Metabolite Transport.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Reductive Pentose Phosphate Cycle (Calvin Cycle).- a) Enzymes of the Cycle.- b) Light-Mediated Effects on Enzyme Activity.- 3. The Chloroplast.- a) The Chloroplast Envelope.- b) Stroma and Thylakoids.- 4. Products of Photosynthesis.- a) Starch.- b) Sucrose.- c) Amino Acids.- 5. Photorespiration.- a) The Pathway.- b) The Purpose.- 6. C4 Metabolism.- a) C4 Plants.- b) Crassulacean Acid Metabolism.- c) C4 Metabolism.- References.- Metabolism of Organic Acids.- 1. Current Reviews.- 2. Taxonomic Distribution of CAM Plants.- 3. Carbon Flow in CAM.- a) ssten.- a) Allgemeines.- b) Perianth.- c) Androeceum.- d) Gynoeceum.- Literatur.- b) Embryologie und Pollenmorphologie..- 1. Allgemeines.- 2. Systematische Embryologie.- 3. Pollenmorphologie, Antherentapetum, mannlicher Gametophyt.- 4. Samenanlage und Samenschale.- 5. Makrosporogenese, primares Endosperm und Embryo der Gymnospermen.- 6. Embryosack der Angiospermen.- 7. Befruchtung.- 8. Endosperm der Angiospermen.- 9. Embryo der Angiospermen.- 10. Apomixis, experimentelle Embryogenese.- Literatur.- c) Vegetative Anatomie der Spermatophyta..- 1. Vorbemerkung.- 2. Allgemeines.- 3. Die sekundare Organisation der Sprossachse.- a) Theorien zur Xylem-Evolution.- b) Systematisch-deskriptive Holzanatomie.- c) Einzelne Xylemstrukturen unter verschiedenen Aspekten.- d) Methoden deskriptiver Holzanatomie.- e) Kambium, Bast und Borke.- 4. Die sekundare Organisation der Wurzel.- Literatur.- B. Physiology.- I. Cell Physiology. Cell Electrophysiology and Membrane Transport.- 1. Prefatory Remarks.- 2. Primary Active Transport.- a) The Proton Pump.- b) Chloride Pumping.- c) Metabolic "Action" Potentials.- d) Plasma Membrane ATPases in vitro.- 3. Proton-Sugar Cotransport.- 4. Cation Transport and Hormone Action.- 5. Transmembrane Diffusion.- a) Membrane Permeability and Ionophors.- b) Auxin Transport.- 6. Localization of Transport.- 7. Photomodulated Transport.- 8. Regulation of Cell Growth and Turgor.- References.- Photosynthesis. Control of Carbon Metabolism Through Enzyme Regulation and Membrane-Mediated Metabolite Transport.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Reductive Pentose Phosphate Cycle (Calvin Cycle).- a) Enzymes of the Cycle.- b) Light-Mediated Effects on Enzyme Activity.- 3. The Chloroplast.- a) The Chloroplast Envelope.- b) Stroma and Thylakoids.- 4. Products of Photosynthesis.- a) Starch.- b) Sucrose.- c) Amino Acids.- 5. Photorespiration.- a) The Pathway.- b) The Purpose.- 6. C4 Metabolism.- a) C4 Plants.- b) Crassulacean Acid Metabolism.- c) C4 Metabolism.- References.- Metabolism of Organic Acids.- 1. Current Reviews.- 2. Taxonomic Distribution of CAM Plants.- 3. Carbon Flow in CAM.- a) ss-Carboxylation in Darkness.- b) Nocturnal Mobilization of Starch and Generation of PEP.- 4. Nocturnal Storage of Malic Acid.- 5. CAM Related Gas Exchange.- 6. Modulation of CAM by External Factors and Performance of CAM in situ.- References.- Secondary Plant Substances. Special Topics of the Phenylpropanoid Metabolism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase.- 3. Substituted Cinnamic Acids.- 4. Benzoic and Phenylacetic Acids.- 5. Activated Cinnamic Acids as Intermediates.- 6. Eugenol and Related Compounds.- 7. Lignin.- 8. Flavonoids.- 9. Isoflavones and pterocarpans.- 10. Stilbene Derivatives.- References.- Growth.- 1. Auxins.- a) Methods of Determination.- b) Occurrence.- c) Transport.- d) Metabolism.- e) Mechanism of Action.- 2. Abscisic Acid.- a) Occurrence and Relation to Physiological Processes.- b) Metabolism.- c) Mechanism of Action.- 3. Further Plant Growth Regulators.- References.- Developmental Physiology.- 1. Special Developmental Steps.- a) Embryo Development.- b) Fruit Development.- c) Cell Elongation.- 2. Influence of Environmental Factors on Development.- a) Effect of Temperature.- b) Effects of Water Supply.- References.- Bewegungen.- Lichtorientierte Chloroplastenbewegung.- 1. Methodisches.- 2. Aktionsspektren, Aktionsdichroismus, intrazellulare Absorptionsgradienten.- 3. Zur Energetik der Chloroplastenbewegung.- 4. Photorespiration und Chloroplastenbewegung.- 5. Ein ATP-Gradient: Ursache der Chloroplastenorientierung?.- 6. Zur Mechanik der Chloroplastenbewegung.- 7. Zur Strukturanalyse.- 8. Zur orientierten Chromatophoren-Bewegung bei Meeresalgen.- Literatur.- C. Genetics.- Replication.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Novel Enzymes Involved in Replication.- a) DNA Primases.- b) Nicking-Closing Enzymes and DNA Gyrase.- c) DNA Unwinding Enzymes.- 3. Origin and Initiation of DNA Replication.- a) Bacterial Chromosomes.- b) Viral Systems and Plasmids.- 4. Termination of Replication.- 5. Outlook.- References.- Recombination: Recombinant DNA Research, Techniques and Results.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The DNA Cloning Experimen.- 3. Cloning Vectors.- a) Bacterial Plasmid Vectors.- b) Phage It Vectors.- c) Other Vectors.- 4. Construction of Recombinant DNA Molecules.- a) Restriction Site Linkage.- b) dA:dT Linkage.- c) Blunt-End Linkage.- 5. Selection of Recombinant DNA Molecules.- a) Selection by Hybridization.- b) Selection by Functional Expression.- 6. Quantitative Aspects of DNA Cloning.- 7. Results of DNA Cloning.- a) Prokaryotes.- b) Eukaryotes.- 8. Stability of Recombinant Plasmids.- 9. Biohazards and Safeguards.- References.- Mutation. Mutation and Cancer.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Aspects.- a) Some Aspects of the Molecular Basis of Cancer.- b) Some Aspects of the Molecular Basis of Mutation.- 3. Mutagenicity of Carcinogens.- a) Ionizing Radiation.- b) Alkylating Agents.- c) Aflatoxins.- 4. Mutagenicity of Carcinogens After Metabolic Activation.- a) Aromatic Amines and Amides.- b) Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- 5. Correlation of Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity.- a) Mutagenicity of Carcinogens in the Ames Test.- b) Mutagenicity of Carcinogens in the Host Mediated Assay.- 6. Conclusion and Hypothesis.- References.- Function of Genetic Material. Gene Structure and Genetics of Carbon Metabolism in Fungi.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Molecular Organization of Fungal Genes.- a) Basic Methodology.- b) Structure of rRNA Genes in Yeast.- c) Structure of tRNA Genes in Yeast.- d) Expression of Fungal Genes in Bacteria.- 3. Genetics of Carbon Metabolism.- a) Genetics of Glycolysis.- b) Genetics of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle.- c) Genetics of the Glyoxylate Shunt.- 4. Genetics of Regulatory Mutants in Carbon Metabolism.- a) The Pasteur Effect.- b) Role of Mitochondria in Carbon Catabolite Repression.- c) Mutants Affecting Carbon Catabolite Repression.- d) Mutant Affecting Catabolite Inactivation.- e) Phosphoenolpryruvate, the Crossroad of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis.- f) Conclusions.- References.- Cytoplasmic Inheritance.- 1. Chloroplast Genetics.- 2. Mitochondrial Genetics.- a) Mutation, Transmission, Segregation, and Recombination.- b) Mitochondrial Map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.- c) Mitochondrial Mutations and Mitochondrially Synthesized Polypeptides in Other Organism.- d) Mitochondrial DNA and RNA.- e) Evolutionary Aspects.- 3. Other Cytoplasmically Inherited Nucleic Acids.- References.- Genetic Control of Reproduction.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Homogenic Incompatibility.- a) Genetic Control.- b) Morphology and Physiology.- 3. Heterogenic Incompatibility.- 4. Conclusion.- References.- D. Taxonomy.- Systematics and Phylogenetics of the Algae.- 1. Introduction Remarks.- 2. Encyclopedic Bibliography.- 3. General Phycology.- Matters Important for all Algae or Beyond the Frontiers of Phycology.- a) Evolution.- b) Endosymbiosis.- c) Biosystematics, Regional Floristics, Bioindicators.- d) Comparative and Fundamental Concepts in Morphology, Anatomy, and Cytology.- e) Life Cycles, Life Forms, Ecology, Phenology.- f) Phylogenetic Interrelations Between Algae and Other Organisms.- g) Neontology and Paleontology in Mutual Stimulation.- 4. Taxonomy and Systematics.- a) General -#223;-Carboxylation in Darkness.- b) Nocturnal Mobilization of Starch and Generation of PEP.- 4. Nocturnal Storage of Malic Acid.- 5. CAM Related Gas Exchange.- 6. Modulation of CAM by External Factors and Performance of CAM in situ.- References.- Secondary Plant Substances. Special Topics of the Phenylpropanoid Metabolism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase.- 3. Substituted Cinnamic Acids.- 4. Benzoic and Phenylacetic Acids.- 5. Activated Cinnamic Acids as Intermediates.- 6. Eugenol and Related Compounds.- 7. Lignin.- 8. Flavonoids.- 9. Isoflavones and pterocarpans.- 10. Stilbene Derivatives.- References.- Growth.- 1. Auxins.- a) Methods of Determination.- b) Occurrence.- c) Transport.- d) Metabolism.- e) Mechanism of Action.- 2. Abscisic Acid.- a) Occurrence and Relation to Physiological Processes.- b) Metabolism.- c) Mechanism of Action.- 3. Further Plant Growth Regulators.- References.- Developmental Physiology.- 1. Special Developmental Steps.- a) Embryo Development.- b) Fruit Development.- c) Cell Elongation.- 2. Influence of Environmental Factors on Development.- a) Effect of Temperature.- b) Effects of Water Supply.- References.- Bewegungen.- Lichtorientierte Chloroplastenbewegung.- 1. Methodisches.- 2. Aktionsspektren, Aktionsdichroismus, intrazellulare Absorptionsgradienten.- 3. Zur Energetik der Chloroplastenbewegung.- 4. Photorespiration und Chloroplastenbewegung.- 5. Ein ATP-Gradient: Ursache der Chloroplastenorientierung?.- 6. Zur Mechanik der Chloroplastenbewegung.- 7. Zur Strukturanalyse.- 8. Zur orientierten Chromatophoren-Bewegung bei Meeresalgen.- Literatur.- C. Genetics.- Replication.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Novel Enzymes Involved in Replication.- a) DNA Primases.- b) Nicking-Closing Enzymes and DNA Gyrase.- c) DNA Unwinding Enzymes.- 3. Origin and Initiation of DNA Replication.- a) Bacterial Chromosomes.- b) Viral Systems and Plasmids.- 4. Termination of Replication.- 5. Outlook.- References.- Recombination: Recombinant DNA Research, Techniques and Results.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The DNA Cloning Experimen.- 3. Cloning Vectors.- a) Bacterial Plasmid Vectors.- b) Phage It Vectors.- c) Other Vectors.- 4. Construction of Recombinant DNA Molecules.- a) Restriction Site Linkage.- b) dA:dT Linkage.- c) Blunt-End Linkage.- 5. Selection of Recombinant DNA Molecules.- a) Selection by Hybridization.- b) Selection by Functional Expression.- 6. Quantitative Aspects of DNA Cloning.- 7. Results of DNA Cloning.- a) Prokaryotes.- b) Eukaryotes.- 8. Stability of Recombinant Plasmids.- 9. Biohazards and Safeguards.- References.- Mutation. Mutation and Cancer.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Aspects.- a) Some Aspects of the Molecular Basis of Cancer.- b) Some Aspects of the Molecular Basis of Mutation.- 3. Mutagenicity of Carcinogens.- a) Ionizing Radiation.- b) Alkylating Agents.- c) Aflatoxins.- 4. Mutagenicity of Carcinogens After Metabolic Activation.- a) Aromatic Amines and Amides.- b) Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- 5. Correlation of Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity.- a) Mutagenicity of Carcinogens in the Ames Test.- b) Mutagenicity of Carcinogens in the Host Mediated Assay.- 6. Conclusion and Hypothesis.- References.- Function of Genetic Material. Gene Structure and Genetics of Carbon Metabolism in Fungi.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Molecular Organization of Fungal Genes.- a) Basic Methodology.- b) Structure of rRNA Genes in Yeast.- c) Structure of tRNA Genes in Yeast.- d) Expression of Fungal Genes in Bacteria.- 3. Genetics of Carbon Metabolism.- a) Genetics of Glycolysis.- b) Genetics of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle.- c) Genetics of the Glyoxylate Shunt.- 4. Genetics of Regulatory Mutants in Carbon Metabolism.- a) The Pasteur Effect.- b) Role of Mitochondria in Carbon Catabolite Repression.- c) Mutants Affecting Carbon Catabolite Repression.- d) Mutant Affecting Catabolite Inactivation.- e) Phosphoenolpryruvate, the Crossroad of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis.- f) Conclusions.- References.- Cytoplasmic Inheritance.- 1. Chloroplast Genetics.- 2. Mitochondrial Genetics.- a) Mutation, Transmission, Segregation, and Recombination.- b) Mitochondrial Map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.- c) Mitochondrial Mutations and Mitochondrially Synthesized Polypeptides in Other Organism.- d) Mitochondrial DNA and RNA.- e) Evolutionary Aspects.- 3. Other Cytoplasmically Inherited Nucleic Acids.- References.- Genetic Control of Reproduction.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Homogenic Incompatibility.- a) Genetic Control.- b) Morphology and Physiology.- 3. Heterogenic Incompatibility.- 4. Conclusion.- References.- D. Taxonomy.- Systematics and Phylogenetics of the Algae.- 1. Introduction Remarks.- 2. Encyclopedic Bibliography.- 3. General Phycology.- Matters Important for all Algae or Beyond the Frontiers of Phycology.- a) Evolution.- b) Endosymbiosis.- c) Biosystematics, Regional Floristics, Bioindicators.- d) Comparative and Fundamental Concepts in Morphology, Anatomy, and Cytology.- e) Life Cycles, Life Forms, Ecology, Phenology.- f) Phylogenetic Interrelations Between Algae and Other Organisms.- g) Neontology and Paleontology in Mutual Stimulation.- 4. Taxonomy and Systematics.- a) General - Situation, Concepts, Methods.- b) Higher Categories.- c) Curatorial.- d) Nomenclature.- e) Comment on Categories.- 5. Bacillariophyceae.- 6. Chloromonadophyceae (Raphidophyceae).- 7. Chlorophyceae s .l..- a) Prasinophyceae.- b) Chlorophyceae s. s tr.- c) Charophyceae.- d) Zygnematophyceae / Zygophyceae / Conjugatophyceae.- 8. Chrysophyta.- a) Chrysophyceae.- b) Eustigmatophyceae.- c) Prymnesiophyceae / Hyptophyceae.- d) Xanthophyceae Exclusive of Vaucheriales.- e) Vaucheriales.- 9. Cryptophyceae.- 10. Cyanophyta.- 11. Euglenophyceae.- 12. Phaeophyta / Phaeophyceae.- 13. Pyrrhophyta / Pyrrhophyceae / Dinophyceae.- 14. Rhodophyta.- a) Florideophyceae.- b) Bangiophyceae.- References.- Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Fungi.- 1. General Considerations and Phylogeny.- 2. Myxomycetes.- 3. Acrasiomycetes.- 4. Oomycetes.- 5. Chytridiomycetes.- 6. Zygomycota.- 7. Ascomycetes.- a) General Remarks.- b) Taxonomy.- 8. Basidiomycetes.- a) General Remarks.- b) Taxonomy.- 9. Deuteromycetes.- References.- Systematik der Flechten. Bericht uber die Jahre 1976 und 1977 mit einigen Nachtragen.- 1. Allgemeiner Teil.- a) Morphologie.- b) Zum phylogenetischen Alter von Flechten.- c) Chemie.- d) Oten.- a) Allgemeines.- b) Perianth.- c) Androeceum.- d) Gynoeceum.- Literatur.- b) Embryologie und Pollenmorphologie..- 1. Allgemeines.- 2. Systematische Embryologie.- 3. Pollenmorphologie, Antherentapetum, mannlicher Gametophyt.- 4. Samenanlage und Samenschale.- 5. Makrosporogenese, primares Endosperm und Embryo der Gymnospermen.- 6. Embryosack der Angiospermen.- 7. Befruchtung.- 8. Endosperm der Angiospermen.- 9. Embryo der Angiospermen.- 10. Apomixis, experimentelle Embryogenese.- Literatur.- c) Vegetative Anatomie der Spermatophyta..- 1. Vorbemerkung.- 2. Allgemeines.- 3. Die sekundare Organisation der Sprossachse.- a) Theorien zur Xylem-Evolution.- b) Systematisch-deskriptive Holzanatomie.- c) Einzelne Xylemstrukturen unter verschiedenen Aspekten.- d) Methoden deskriptiver Holzanatomie.- e) Kambium, Bast und Borke.- 4. Die sekundare Organisation der Wurzel.- Literatur.- B. Physiology.- I. Cell Physiology. Cell Electrophysiology and Membrane Transport.- 1. Prefatory Remarks.- 2. Primary Active Transport.- a) The Proton Pump.- b) Chloride Pumping.- c) Metabolic "Action" Potentials.- d) Plasma Membrane ATPases in vitro.- 3. Proton-Sugar Cotransport.- 4. Cation Transport and Hormone Action.- 5. Transmembrane Diffusion.- a) Membrane Permeability and Ionophors.- b) Auxin Transport.- 6. Localization of Transport.- 7. Photomodulated Transport.- 8. Regulation of Cell Growth and Turgor.- References.- Photosynthesis. Control of Carbon Metabolism Through Enzyme Regulation and Membrane-Mediated Metabolite Transport.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Reductive Pentose Phosphate Cycle (Calvin Cycle).- a) Enzymes of the Cycle.- b) Light-Mediated Effects on Enzyme Activity.- 3. The Chloroplast.- a) The Chloroplast Envelope.- b) Stroma and Thylakoids.- 4. Products of Photosynthesis.- a) Starch.- b) Sucrose.- c) Amino Acids.- 5. Photorespiration.- a) The Pathway.- b) The Purpose.- 6. C4 Metabolism.- a) C4 Plants.- b) Crassulacean Acid Metabolism.- c) C4 Metabolism.- References.- Metabolism of Organic Acids.- 1. Current Reviews.- 2. Taxonomic Distribution of CAM Plants.- 3. Carbon Flow in CAM.- a) ss-Carboxylation in Darkness.- b) Nocturnal Mobilization of Starch and Generation of PEP.- 4. Nocturnal Storage of Malic Acid.- 5. CAM Related Gas Exchange.- 6. Modulation of CAM by External Factors and Performance of CAM in situ.- References.- Secondary Plant Substances. Special Topics of the Phenylpropanoid Metabolism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase.- 3. Substituted Cinnamic Acids.- 4. Benzoic and Phenylacetic Acids.- 5. Activated Cinnamic Acids as Intermediates.- 6. Eugenol and Related Compounds.- 7. Lignin.- 8. Flavonoids.- 9. Isoflavones and pterocarpans.- 10. Stilbene Derivatives.- References.- Growth.- 1. Auxins.- a) Methods of Determination.- b) Occurrence.- c) Transport.- d) Metabolism.- e) Mechanism of Action.- 2. Abscisic Acid.- a) Occurrence and Relation to Physiological Processes.- b) Metabolism.- c) Mechanism of Action.- 3. Further Plant Growth Regulators.- References.- Developmental Physiology.- 1. Special Developmental Steps.- a) Embryo Development.- b) Fruit Development.- c) Cell Elongation.- 2. Influence of Environmental Factors on Development.- a) Effect of Temperature.- b) Effects of Water Supply.- References.- Bewegungen.- Lichtorientierte Chloroplastenbewegung.- 1. Methodisches.- 2. Aktionsspektren, Aktionsdichroismus, intrazellulare Absorptionsgradienten.- 3. Zur Energetik der Chloroplastenbewegung.- 4. Photorespiration und Chloroplastenbewegung.- 5. Ein ATP-Gradient: Ursache der Chloroplastenorientierung?.- 6. Zur Mechanik der Chloroplastenbewegung.- 7. Zur Strukturanalyse.- 8. Zur orientierten Chromatophoren-Bewegung bei Meeresalgen.- Literatur.- C. Genetics.- Replication.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Novel Enzymes Involved in Replication.- a) DNA Primases.- b) Nicking-Closing Enzymes and DNA Gyrase.- c) DNA Unwinding Enzymes.- 3. Origin and Initiation of DNA Replication.- a) Bacterial Chromosomes.- b) Viral Systems and Plasmids.- 4. Termination of Replication.- 5. Outlook.- References.- Recombination: Recombinant DNA Research, Techniques and Results.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The DNA Cloning Experimen.- 3. Cloning Vectors.- a) Bacterial Plasmid Vectors.- b) Phage It Vectors.- c) Other Vectors.- 4. Construction of Recombinant DNA Molecules.- a) Restriction Site Linkage.- b) dA:dT Linkage.- c) Blunt-End Linkage.- 5. Selection of Recombinant DNA Molecules.- a) Selection by Hybridization.- b) Selection by Functional Expression.- 6. Quantitative Aspects of DNA Cloning.- 7. Results of DNA Cloning.- a) Prokaryotes.- b) Eukaryotes.- 8. Stability of Recombinant Plasmids.- 9. Biohazards and Safeguards.- References.- Mutation. Mutation and Cancer.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Aspects.- a) Some Aspects of the Molecular Basis of Cancer.- b) Some Aspects of the Molecular Basis of Mutation.- 3. Mutagenicity of Carcinogens.- a) Ionizing Radiation.- b) Alkylating Agents.- c) Aflatoxins.- 4. Mutagenicity of Carcinogens After Metabolic Activation.- a) Aromatic Amines and Amides.- b) Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- 5. Correlation of Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity.- a) Mutagenicity of Carcinogens in the Ames Test.- b) Mutagenicity of Carcinogens in the Host Mediated Assay.- 6. Conclusion and Hypothesis.- References.- Function of Genetic Material. Gene Structure and Genetics of Carbon Metabolism in Fungi.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Molecular Organization of Fungal Genes.- a) Basic Methodology.- b) Structure of rRNA Genes in Yeast.- c) Structure of tRNA Genes in Yeast.- d) Expression of Fungal Genes in Bacteria.- 3. Genetics of Carbon Metabolism.- a) Genetics of Glycolysis.- b) Genetics of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle.- c) Genetics of the Glyoxylate Shunt.- 4. Genetics of Regulatory Mutants in Carbon Metabolism.- a) The Pasteur Effect.- b) Role of Mitochondria in Carbon Catabolite Repression.- c) Mutants Affecting Carbon Catabolite Repression.- d) Mutant Affecting Catabolite Inactivation.- e) Phosphoenolpryruvate, the Crossroad of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis.- f) Conclusions.- References.- Cytoplasmic Inheritance.- 1. Chloroplast Genetics.- 2. Mitochondrial Genetics.- a) Mutation, Transmission, Segregation, and Recombination.- b) Mitochondrial Map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.- c) Mitochondrial Mutations and Mitochondrially Synthesized Polypeptides in Other Organism.- d) Mitochondrial DNA and RNA.- e) Evolutionary Aspects.- 3. Other Cytoplasmically Inherited Nucleic Acids.- References.- Genetic Control of Reproduction.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Homogenic Incompatibility.- a) Genetic Control.- b) Morphology and Physiology.- 3. Heterogenic Incompatibility.- 4. Conclusion.- References.- D. Taxonomy.- Systematics and Phylogenetics of the Algae.- 1. Introduction Remarks.- 2. Encyclopedic Bibliography.- 3. General Phycology.- Matters Important for all Algae or Beyond the Frontiers of Phycology.- a) Evolution.- b) Endosymbiosis.- c) Biosystematics, Regional Floristics, Bioindicators.- d) Comparative and Fundamental Concepts in Morphology, Anatomy, and Cytology.- e) Life Cycles, Life Forms, Ecology, Phenology.- f) Phylogenetic Interrelations Between Algae and Other Organisms.- g) Neontology and Paleontology in Mutual Stimulation.- 4. Taxonomy and Systematics.- a) General - Situation, Concepts, Methods.- b) Higher Categories.- c) Curatorial.- d) Nomenclature.- e) Comment on Categories.- 5. Bacillariophyceae.- 6. Chloromonadophyceae (Raphidophyceae).- 7. Chlorophyceae s .l..- a) Prasinophyceae.- b) Chlorophyceae s. s tr.- c) Charophyceae.- d) Zygnematophyceae / Zygophyceae / Conjugatophyceae.- 8. Chrysophyta.- a) Chrysophyceae.- b) Eustigmatophyceae.- c) Prymnesiophyceae / Hyptophyceae.- d) Xanthophyceae Exclusive of Vaucheriales.- e) Vaucheriales.- 9. Cryptophyceae.- 10. Cyanophyta.- 11. Euglenophyceae.- 12. Phaeophyta / Phaeophyceae.- 13. Pyrrhophyta / Pyrrhophyceae / Dinophyceae.- 14. Rhodophyta.- a) Florideophyceae.- b) Bangiophyceae.- References.- Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Fungi.- 1. General Considerations and Phylogeny.- 2. Myxomycetes.- 3. Acrasiomycetes.- 4. Oomycetes.- 5. Chytridiomycetes.- 6. Zygomycota.- 7. Ascomycetes.- a) General Remarks.- b) Taxonomy.- 8. Basidiomycetes.- a) General Remarks.- b) Taxonomy.- 9. Deuteromycetes.- References.- Systematik der Flechten. Bericht uber die Jahre 1976 und 1977 mit einigen Nachtragen.- 1. Allgemeiner Teil.- a) Morphologie.- b) Zum phylogenetischen Alter von Flechten.- c) Chemie.- d) Okologie.- e) Geographie.- f) Soziologie.- g) Flechtensymbiose.- 2. Systematischer Teil.- a) Allgemeine Systematik.- b) System.- c) Floristik.- Literatur.- Systematik der Bryophyten.- 1. Allgemeines.- 2. Morphologie und Anatomie.- a) Sporen.- b) Keimung und Protonema.- c) Leitgewebe.- d) Gametangien.- e) Sporogon.- f) Vegetative Vermehrung.- g) Verschiedenes.- 3. Systematik und Evolution, wichtige Monographien und Revisionen.- a) Allgemeines.- b) System.- c) Cytosystematik.- d) Chemosys tema tik.- 4. Geographie und Floristik.- 5. Fossile Bryophyten.- 6. Okologie und Soziologie.- Literatur.- Systematik der Farnpflanzen.- 1. Bibliographie, Biographie, Sammlungen.- 2. Systematik.- 3. Cytologie, Bastardierung.- 4. Floristik.- 5. Morphologie, Anatomie, Volkskunde u.a..- Literatur.- E. Geobotany.- Areal- und Florenkunde (Floristische Geobotanik).- 1. Neufunde.- 2. Neue Floren.- a) Mediterrangebiet.- b) Mittel- und Nordeuropa.- c) Orient.- d) Sowjetunion.- e) Zentral-, Ost- und SUdasien.- f) Nordamer ika.- g) Mittel- und Sudamerika.- 3. Arealkarten.- 4. Synanthrope Arealveranderungen.- a) Synanthrope Arealerweiterung.- b) Anteil synanthroper Arten an den Floren.- c) Ruckgang und Aussterben von Arten.- 5. Pflanzengeographische Gebietsgliederung.- a) Theoretische Grundlagen.- b) Gliederung des Festlandes und der Inseln.- c) Gliederung der Weltmeere.- d) Dynamik der Gebietsgrenzen.- 6. Florenanalyse.- a) Artenreichtum.- b) Geographische Struktur von Floren.- c) Systematische Struktur von Floren.- d) Zytologische Struktur von Floren.- e) Okologisch-morphologische Struktur von Floren.- Literatur.- The History of Flora and Vegetation During the Quaternary.- 1. General Problems.- 2. The Division of the Last Glaciation in Eurasia.- 3. The Beginning of the Last Glaciation in Eurasia.- 4. Mid-Weichselian Interstadials.- 5. The Pleniglacial.- 6. The Late-Glacial.- References.- Vegetation Science (Sociological Geobotany.- 1. Reviews, Textbooks, Bibliographies.- 2. General Results and Methods.- a) Mapping of Vegetation.- b) Symphenology and Related Seasonal Changes in Plant Communities.- c) Impacts on Vegetation Science by Progresses of Taxonomy and by Changes in the Flora.- 3. Boreal and Temperate Vegetation of Europe, Asia and North America.- a) Boreal Coniferous Forests.- b) Vegetation of Bogs and of Fens.- c) Oak and Heather Vegetation on Acid Soils in Oceanic Europe.- d) Anthropogenic Grassland Vegetation in Europe.- e) Aquatic and Semi-Aquatic Vegetation in Europe.- 4. Meridional and Subtropical Vegetation of Climatically Mainly Arid and Semiarid Regions in America and Africa.- a) Vegetation of Southern and Central California.- b) Vegetation of the Sahara and of Adjacent Regions.- 5. Tropical Vegetation of Africa, Asia,and Oceania.- a) African Savanna Vegetation.- b) Vegetation of Some Western Pacific Islands.- 6. Subantarctic and Antarctic Vegetation.- References.- Floral Ecology (Report on the Years 1974(73) to 1978).- 1. History.- 2. Periodicity and Movements.- 3. Means of Attraction.- a) Scent and Heat Production.- b) Visual Patterns and Pigmentation.- c) Nectariesi Nectar and Oil Secretion.- d) Pollen and Pollen Foraging.- 4. Flower Classes and Their Evolution.- a) Zoophily.- b) Hydrophily and Anemophily.- 5. Pollination of Particular Groups.- a) Various Angiosperms.- b) Field Crops.- c) Orchids.- d) Ficus.- 6. Community Structure and Pollination.- 7. Compatibility.- a) Population Aspects.- b) Autogamy.- c) Apomicts.- d) Pollen Germination, Stigmatic Secretions and Transmitting Tissue.- e) Incompatibility.- 8. Dioecism, Monoecism and Sex Expression.- 9. Heterostyly.- References.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783540090748
  • Publisher: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG
  • Publisher Imprint: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: Morphology Physiology Genetics Taxonomy Geobotany / Morphologie Physiologie Genetik Systematik Geobotanik
  • ISBN-10: 3540090746
  • Publisher Date: 10 Dec 1978
  • Binding: Hardback
  • No of Pages: 498
  • Series Title: 40 Progress in Botany
  • Weight: 1050 gr


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Progress in Botany/Fortschritte Der Botanik: Morphology Physiology Genetics Taxonomy Geobotany / Morphologie Physiologie Genetik Systematik Geobotanik(40 Progress in Botany)
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