Sustainable Surface Water Management: a handbook for SUDS addresses issues as diverse as flooding, water quality, amenity and biodiversity but also mitigation of, and adaptation to, global climate change, human health benefits and reduction in energy use. Chapters are included to cover issues from around the world, but they also address particular designs associated with the implementation of SUDS in tropical areas, problems with retrofitting SUDS devices, SUDS modelling, water harvesting in drought-stricken countries using SUDS and the inclusion of SUDS in the climate change strategies of such cities as Tokyo, New York and Strasbourg.

Table of Contents:
List of Contributors xv About the Editors xix Section 1 Introduction to the Book 1 Chapter 1 An Overture of Sustainable Surface Water Management 3 Colin A. Booth and Susanne M. Charlesworth 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Surface Water Management 3 1.3 Sustainable Surface Water Management 5 1.4 Organisation of the Book 5 References 9 Section 2 Sustainable Surface Water Management in Context 11 Chapter 2 Back to the Future? History and Contemporary Application of Sustainable Drainage Techniques 13 Susanne M. Charlesworth, Luis Angel Sanudo Fontaneda and Larry W. Mays 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 ‘Sustainability’? 14 2.3 Rainwater Harvesting in Antiquity 15 2.4 Water Quality Improvement 19 2.5 Water Quantity Reduction: Sub‐Surface Drainage 23 2.6 Water Storage 24 2.7 Reduction in Water Demand: Greywater Recycling 24 2.8 Reducing Water Velocity 25 2.9 Non‐Structural Approaches to Sustainable Water Management 26 2.10 Conclusions 28 References 28 Chapter 3 Surface Water Strategy, Policy and Legislation 31 Frank Warwick 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Legislative Hierarchies 32 3.3 Case Study – The United Kingdom 33 3.4 Comparison of UK Approaches with Other Countries 41 3.5 Conclusions 42 References 42 Chapter 4 Sustainable Drainage Systems: Operation and Maintenance 45 Neil Berwick 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 What is Operation and Maintenance and Why is it Important? 46 4.3 Inspection, Reporting and Maintenance 47 4.4 Maintenance Schedules and Planned Maintenance 50 4.5 Other Considerations that Will Impact on Maintenance 52 4.6 Conclusions 54 References 55 Section 3 Functions of Sustainable Drainage Systems 57 Chapter 5 Water Quantity: Attenuation of the Storm Peak 59 Craig Lashford, Susanne M. Charlesworth and Frank Warwick 5.1 Introduction 59 5.2 Conventional Drainage, Water Flow and Volume 59 5.3 Existing Flood Management 60 5.4 Water Quantity 61 5.5 History of SuDS Implementation 62 5.6 The Management Train 65 5.7 Retrofit 70 5.8 New Build 71 5.9 Flow Control 72 5.10 Conclusions 72 References 74 Chapter 6 Urban Water and Sediment Quality 79 Lian Lundy 6.1 Introduction 79 6.2 Sources of Pollutants Mobilised by Urban Runoff 79 6.3 Quality of Urban Runoff Originating from a Range of Land Use Types 80 6.4 Quality and Behaviour of Sediment in Urban Receiving Water Bodies 82 6.5 Treatment of Urban Runoff Using SuDS 83 6.6 Pollutant Removal Processes that Occur in SuDS 85 6.7 Quality and Behaviour of Sediment in SuDS 87 References 88 Chapter 7 Sustainable Drainage Systems: Delivering Multiple Benefits for People and Wildlife 91 Andy Graham 7.1 Introduction 91 7.2 Getting Better SuDS 92 7.3 SuDS and How They Support Biodiversity 93 7.4 Involving People 95 7.5 Designing SuDS for People and Wildlife 96 7.6 SuDS Management Trains and Their Wildlife Benefits 98 7.7 Community Managed and Wildlife‐Rich SuDS – a Case Study of Springhill Cohousing, Stroud, Gloucestershire 103 References 104 Chapter 8 Amenity: Delivering Value for Society 105 Stella Apostolaki and Alison Duffy 8.1 Emergence of the Amenity Concept 105 8.2 Amenity, Recreation and Biodiversity in the Built Environment 107 8.3 SuDS Amenity and Sustainable Development 110 8.4 Reviewing the Public Perception of the Concept of Amenity and SuDS 111 8.5 Conclusions 112 References 112 Chapter 9 Biodegradation in Green Infrastructure 115 Alan P. Newman and Stephen J. Coupe 9.1 Introduction 115 9.2 Environmental Conditions and Requirements for Biodegradation 116 9.3 Biofilms: What They Are, What They Do and How They Work 118 9.4 Biodegradation in Green SuDS 119 9.5 Nitrogen in Green SuDS 122 9.6 Conclusions 123 References 124 Chapter 10 Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in Hard Infrastructure 127 Stephen J. Coupe, Alan P. Newman and Luis Angel Sanudo Fontaneda 10.1 Introduction 127 10.2 Hard SuDS Structure, Design and Related Technologies 128 10.3 Evidence of Biodegradation in Hard SuDS 130 10.4 Hard SuDS Microbiology and Biofilms 132 10.5 Design and Diversification from Standard Hard SuDS 134 10.6 Other Hard SuDS Biodegradation Studies 135 10.7 Design Optimisation for Catastrophic Pollution Events 136 10.8 Conclusions 138 References 139 Chapter 11 Use of Geosynthetics for Sustainable Drainage 142 Luis Angel Sanudo Fontaneda, Elena Blanco‐Fernandez, Stephen J. Coupe, Jaime Carpio, Alan P. Newman and Daniel Castro‐Fresno 11.1 Introduction to Geosynthetics 142 11.2 Classifications, Functions and Applications of Geosynthetics 143 11.3 Application of Geotextiles in SuDS 145 11.4 Secondary Uses for Urban Water 150 11.5 Conclusions 151 References 152 Section 4 Multiple Benefits of Sustainable Drainage Systems 157 Chapter 12 Natural Flood Risk Management and its Role in Working with Natural Processes 159 Tom Lavers and Susanne M. Charlesworth 12.1 Introduction 159 12.2 Defining NFRM 159 12.3 Examples of NFRM Studies 161 12.4 Significance of NFRM in Meeting Policy Agendas 171 12.5 Conclusions 172 References 172 Statuses 176 Chapter 13 Sustainable Drainage Systems and Energy: Generation and Reduction 177 Amal Faraj‐Lloyd, Susanne M. Charlesworth and Stephen J. Coupe 13.1 Introduction 177 13.2 Ground Source Heat Extraction 178 13.3 Pervious Paving Systems 178 13.4 Results of Monitoring the EcoHouse 182 13.5 The Hanson Stewartby Office, Bedford, UK 184 13.6 Reducing Energy Use: The Use of Green and Blue Infrastructure on Buildings 186 13.7 Conclusions 188 References 189 Chapter 14 Carbon Sequestration and Storage: The Case for Green Roofs in Urban Areas 193 Brad Rowe 14.1 Introduction 193 14.2 The Importance of Carbon Sequestration 193 14.3 Coupling the Stormwater Management Benefits of Green Roofs with Carbon Sequestration 195 14.4 Carbon Sequestration on Green Roofs 197 14.5 Embodied Energy 198 14.6 Improving Carbon Sequestration Potential 199 14.7 Conclusions 201 References 201 Chapter 15 Dual‐Purpose Rainwater Harvesting System Design 205 Peter Melville‐Shreeve, Sarah Ward and David Butler 15.1 Introduction 205 15.2 RWH and SuDS in England and Wales 206 15.3 Approaches to Stormwater Source Control Using RwH in England and Wales 207 15.4 Integrating Stormwater Source Control into RwH System Design 209 15.5 Conclusions 215 Acknowledgements 216 References 216 Chapter 16 Progress with Integration of Ecosystem Services in SuDS 218 Mark Everard, Robert J. McInnes and Hazem Gouda 16.1 Introduction 218 16.2 Potential Contribution of SuDS Types to Ecosystem Services 220 16.3 Analysis of Ecosystem Service Outcomes from SuDS Schemes 221 16.4 Recognising the Multi‐Functional Opportunities of SuDS 228 16.5 Conclusions and Recommendations 230 References 230 Section 5 Integrating Sustainable Surface Water Management into the Built Environment 233 Chapter 17 Whole Life Costing and Multiple Benefits of Sustainable Drainage 235 Jessica E. Lamond 17.1 Introduction 235 17.2 Whole Life Costing 236 17.3 Multiple Benefits of SuDS 238 17.4 Conclusions 241 Acknowledgement 242 References 242 Chapter 18 Green Roof and Permeable Paving Retrofit to Mitigate Pluvial Flooding 245 Sara Wilkinson, David G. Proverbs and Jessica E. Lamond 18.1 Introduction 245 18.2 Types of Green Roof for Stormwater Management 246 18.3 Building Retrofit Characteristics 247 18.4 Drivers and Barriers to the Uptake of SuDS in Melbourne 253 18.5 Estimation of Runoff Under Different Scenarios 255 18.6 Conclusions and Further Research 255 Acknowledgements 256 References 256 Chapter 19 Contemporary Landscapes and Buildings of Motorway Service Areas 259 Colin A. Booth and Anne‐Marie McLaughlin 19.1 Introduction 259 19.2 Motorway Service Areas in the UK 259 19.3 Exemplar Motorway Service Areas 260 19.4 Conclusions 267 References 267 Chapter 20 Modelling for Design 270 Craig Lashford, Susanne M. Charlesworth and Frank Warwick 20.1 Introduction 270 20.2 One‐Dimensional Modelling 270 20.3 Two‐Dimensional Flood Modelling 271 20.4 One‐Dimensional and Two‐Dimensional Modelling 271 20.5 Three‐Dimensional Modelling 271 20.6 Modelling Uncertainty 271 20.7 Validation of Models: Monitoring of SuDS Management Trains 272 20.8 Scale of Drainage Modelling 272 20.9 Issues with SuDS Modelling 274 20.10 Case Study: Modelling the Impacts of a SuDS Management Train at Prior Deram Park, Coventry, UK, Using MicrodrainageR 276 20.11 Case Study: Decision Support Tool for Coventry, UK 278 20.12 Site Design 280 20.13 Conclusions 281 References 281 Chapter 21 Public Perceptions of Sustainable Drainage Devices 285 Glyn Everett 21.1 Introduction 285 21.2 Public Preferences and Understanding of Flood Risk Management 286 21.3 The Sustainability of SuDS 286 21.4 Attitudes and Behaviour: Portland, Oregon, USA 288 21.5 Co‐development and Co‐ownership 292 21.6 Conclusions 293 References 293 Section 6 Global Sustainable Surface Water Management 299 Chapter 22 Sustainable Drainage Out of the Temperate Zone: The Humid Tropics 301 Susanne M. Charlesworth and Margaret Mezue 22.1 Introduction 301 22.2 Modification of the Urban Hydrological Cycle by Urbanisation in Tropical Countries 303 22.3 Vegetated Devices 303 22.4 Case Study: Sustainable Drainage in Malaysia 308 22.5 Conclusions 312 References 313 Chapter 23 Sustainable Drainage Systems in Brazil 315 Marcelo Gomes Miguez and Aline Pires Verol 23.1 Introduction 315 23.2 The History of SuDS in Brazil – an Academic Perspective 316 23.3 Legal Framework 319 23.4 Case Examples 320 23.5 Concluding Remarks 325 References 326 Chapter 24 Interim Measures Towards Sustainable Drainage in the Informal Settlements of South Africa 328 Kevin Winter 24.1 Introduction 328 24.2 Overview of the Development of Informal Settlements in South Africa 330 24.3 Co‐Management of Drainage 330 24.4 Langrug: A Case Study of an Informal Settlement 331 24.5 Research‐Led Efforts: First Approach 333 24.6 Discussion on Research‐Led Approach to Drainage 335 24.7 Building Partnerships: A Second Approach 337 24.8 Provincial Government Intervention 339 24.9 Biomimicry at Work: Greywater Swales 339 24.10 Sustainable Urban Drainage Centre 339 24.11 Discussion 341 24.12 Conclusions 343 References 343 Chapter 25 Low Impact Development in the USA 345 Bruce K. Ferguson 25.1 Introduction 345 25.2 Unifying Legislation 345 25.3 Stormwater Management Practices 346 25.4 Low‐Impact Development 348 25.5 Stormwater and Urban Agendas 350 25.6 Choices in Challenging Urban Districts 352 References 354 Chapter 26 Sustainable Drainage Systems in Spain 355 Valerio C. Andres‐Valeri, Sara Perales‐Momparler, Luis Angel Sanudo Fontaneda, Ignacio Andres‐Domenech, Daniel Castro‐Fresno and Ignacio Escuder‐Bueno 26.1 Introduction 355 26.2 SuDS Case Studies in the Northern Regions of Spain 357 26.3 Integration of SuDS into New Urban Developments 361 26.4 SuDS Retrofitting Case Studies in the Mediterranean Region 362 26.5 Conclusions 366 References 368 Chapter 27 Sustainable Drainage at the City Scale: A Case Study in Glasgow, Scotland 370 Neil McLean 27.1 Introduction 370 27.2 SuDS and Legislation 371 27.3 The Importance of Multi‐Functionality 372 27.4 Design Studies 373 27.5 Nitshill Design Study 375 27.6 City Centre Surface Water Management 376 27.7 Funding 377 27.8 The Future 378 References 378 Chapter 28 Water Sensitive Design in Auckland, New Zealand 380 Robyn Simcock 28.1 Introduction 380 28.2 WSD in Auckland: Drivers of Design 382 28.3 Case Study: Wynyard Quarter 388 28.4 Conclusions and Parting Thought 389 References 390 Section 7 Summary of the Book 393 Chapter 29 Challenges for the Future: Are Sustainable Drainage Systems Really Sustainable? 395 Susanne M. Charlesworth and Colin A. Booth 29.1 Introduction 395 29.2 Barriers and Drivers 396 29.3 What is the Future for SuDS? 398 29.4 Conclusions 399 References 399 Index 400