A. ClucasRichard A. Clucas is Professor of Political Science at Portland State University and the Executive Director of the Western Political Science Association. He is the author of the Encyclopedia of American Political Reform (1997) and has published artices in Legislative Studies Quarterly, Political Research Quarterly, State Politics and Policy Quarterly, and other scholarly journals. Melody Ellis Valdini is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the Hatfield School of Government at Portland State University. Her published works include articles in the American Journal of Political Science, Electoral Studies, and Politics & Gender. Read More Read Less