Joseph L CartlandJoseph L. Cartland earned a Ph.D. in philosophy, with a specialization in metaphysics, from the University of Virginia. He was a member of the institution's Society of Fellows, a scholastic honor organization. After completing his graduate studies, D. Cartland entered the corporate realm, where he was active in various leadership roles. In the latter part of his career, he accepted a position in the public sector, serving as an executive director in higher education. Teaching on occasion in the capacity of adjunct professor, the author has maintained his association with the academic community. Currently, he is engaged in scholarly work in apologetics. Read More Read Less