Devoted to the iron and steel making sessions at the Sohn International Symposium, this volume covers alternative routes, blast furnace coke and coal; liquid steel processing and reactors; thermodynamics and kinetics; inclusions and steel cleanliness; casting; and modeling and processing. From the 2006 TMS Fall Extraction & Processing: Sohn International Symposium, held August 27 - 31, 2006, in San Diego, California.

Table of Contents:
VOLUME 2: THERMO AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES: IRON AND STEEL MAKING. Foreword. Editors' Biographies. Organizing Committee. International Organizing Committee. Session Chairpersons. Sponsors and Co-Sponsors. Logos of Organizational Co-Sponsors. Logos of Corporate Co-Sponsors. PLENARY. Professor H.Y. Sohn - Biography (R.G. Reddy). It Is All About Energy (P.R. Atkins). The Precious Art of Metals Recycling (F. Vanbellen, and M. Chintinne). Nonferrous Metal Recycling in Korea: The Present and the Future (K.-I. Rhee). The Role of Processes Modeling in Iron and Steelmaking (P.C. Chaubal). Liquidus Relations of Calcium Ferrite and Ferrous Calcium Silicate Slag in Continuous Copper Converting (F. Kongoli, I. McBow, A. Yazawa, Y. Takeda, K. Yamaguchi, R. Budd, and S. Llubani). Recent Developments in Copper Hydrometallurgy (Abstract Only) (J.O. Marsden). SPECIAL ARTICLE. Remembrance of Academic Mentors and Early Associates (H.Y. Sohn). IRON MAKING: ALTERNATIVE ROUTES, BLAST FURNACE, COKE AND COAL. Gas-Solid Reaction Will Help Solid-Solid Reaction?Novel Iron Ore Agglomerate Bearing Semi-Coal-Char (Keynote) (T. Usui, H. Konishi, and N. Inoue). The Kinetics of Hydrogen Reduction of Fine Iron Oxide Particles (M.E. Choi, H.Y. Sohn, and G. Han). A Laboratory Study of the Reduction of Iron Oxides by Hydrogen (D. Wagner, O. Devisme, F. Patisson, and D. Ablitzer). Unsteady State Heat Transfer Analysis of Lower Parts of Blast Furnace with Liquid Flow (Invited) (T. Nishimura, M. Naito, M. Ichida, and S. Matsuzaki). Advances in Understanding of Phenomena in the Blast Furnace Hearth (Invited) (P.C. Chaubal, and C.Q. Zhou). The Boudouard Reactivity Influenced by the Properties of Cokes and Experimental Conditions (J. Kaczorowski, and T. Lindstad). Catalytic Effect of Some Inorganic Materials on the Gasification Reaction of Graphite and Coke (M. Kawakami, T. Iwabuchi, Y. Takashima, H. Kanba, T. Takenaka, and S. Yokoyama). Desulphurization of Coal by Fungus (D.-w. He, Y.-j. Liang, L.-y. Chai, Y.-y. Wang, Y. Jin, and B. Peng). Use of Condition of Thermodynamic Equilibrium for Development of Mathematical Model of Blast Furnace Smelting (A. Dmitriev, and D. Dmitrieva). STEEL MAKING: THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS. Activity Coefficient of Nitride in Slag as a Measure of Slag?s Ability to Remove Nitrogen from Liquid Metal (Abstract Only) (P. Fan and W.D. Cho). Thermodynamics of Titanium, Nitrogen and Oxygen in Liquid Stainless Steels (J.-O. Jo, J.-B. Lee, S.-I. Kim, T.-I. Chung, W.-Y. Kim, J.-J. Pak, J.-H. Park, and D.-S. Kim). Influence of an Alloying Element (Cr, Ni, Mn, Mo and Cu) on the Thermodynamic Properties of Titanium in Molten Iron Alloys (T. Yoshikawa, and K. Morita). Effects of CaF2 and Ilmenite on Dissolution Behavior of Lime in Al2O3-CaO-SiO2 Slags (S.H. Amini, M.P. Brungs, S. Jahanshahi, and O. Ostrovski). Predicting Surface Tension and Viscosity of Molten Slag (T. Tanaka, and M. Suzuki). Bubble Formation and Dynamic Slag Foaming Phenomena (A. Kapilashrami, M. Garnerup, A.K. Lahiri, and S. Seetharaman). Transport Phenomena and CFD Application during Process Metallurgy (L. Zhang). Effects of a Simulated Slag Phase on the Mixing and Mass Transfer Rates in a 0.2-Scale Creusot-Loire Uddeholm Converter Model (A. Chaendera and R.H. Eric). Coupled Thermodynamic and Kinetic Modeling of a Top-Blown Bath (M. Ersson, A. Tilliander, and P. Jönsson). STEEL MAKING: LIQUID STEEL PROCESSING AND REACTORS. Oxidation and Decarburization in TRIP Steels (Keynote) (T.L. Baum, R.J. Fruehan, and S. Sridhar). Colemanite in Steel Production (Invited) (L. Özmen, and E. Inger). Determination of Optimum Calcium Carbide for Deoxidation of Slags (R.J. Santiago, and L.A. Mombello). Continuous Cooling Transformation Behavior of an As-Rolled Dual Phase Steel with Low Carbon and Low Alloy (T. Li, Y. Pu, G. Chen, J. Zhang, and J. Zhang). A Fundamental Study of Oxygen-Melt Reactions in the AOD Process (Keynote) (G.S. Rao, and D.G.C. Robertson). The Use of Calcium Carbide in Steel (R.J. Santiago, and L.A. Mombello). Characterization of Metal Droplets Sampled during Top Lance Blowing (A. Nordqvist, A. Tilliander, K. Grönlund, G. Runnsjö, and P. Jönsson). Experimental Study on the Simultaneous Desulphurization and Denitrification by Duct Injection (Abstract Only) (Q. Li). A Process for Saving Energy and Time in Electric Arc Furnace (A.A. Mottahedi). STEEL MAKING: INCLUSIONS AND STEEL CLEANNESS. Magnesium: Origin and Role in Calcium-Treated Inclusions (Keynote) (P.C. Pistorius, P. Presoly, and K.G. Tshilombo). Limitation of Slag Entrainment in Tundish and Consequent Reduction of Ladle Heel (J.-F. Domgin, and P. Gardin). Modelling Steel Cleanness Based on Fundamental Principles and Concepts (K.Th. Mavrommatis). Formation of Spinel Phase in the Liquid Inclusions during Stainless Steelmaking Processes (Keynote) (J.H. Park, and Y.Y. Lee). Estimation of Inclusion Size in Stainless Steel Coil Based on Statistics of Extreme Values (Keynote) (Y.-i. Kanbe, H. Todoroki, N. Hashimoto, and S.-i. Nagashima). Characterization of Precipitates in Structural Titanium Microalloyed Steel by Transmission Electron Microscopy and High Resolution (HRTEM) (L. Béjar-Gómez, A. Medina-Flores, A. Bedolla-Jacuinde, and M. Saavedra-Magaa). Characterization of Precipitates in Structural Niobium Microalloyed Steel by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Analysis by Low Resolution (L. Béjar-Gómez, A. Medina-Flores, A. Bedolla-Jacuinde, and M. Saavedra-Magaña). Analysis of Microstructure and Precipiates in Hot Rolled Low Carbon Steel Sheet by CSP (Y. Liu, M. Zhao, W. Wu, G. Chen, J. Zhang, and S. Su). STEEL MAKING: CASTING. A New Era for Steel Production? (Keynote) (L.E.K. Holappa, and S. Wang). Effect of Swirl Blade on Flow Pattern in Nozzle for Up-Hill Teeming (L. Hallgren, S. Takagi, R. Eriksson, S. Yokoya, and P. Jönsson). Swirling Flow Effect in Immersion Nozzle on Control of Heat and Mass Transport in Casting Teeming (S. Yokoya, S. Takagi, P. Jonsson, L. Hallgren, S. Kholmatov, and Y. Tsukaguchi). A Tundish to Mold Model for Grade Change during Ladle Change-Over in Continuous Casting (Keynote) (V. Seshadri, C.A. da Silva, I.A. da Silva, V.A. Lepo, V.E. de Matos, D.B. Moreira, and V. de Oliveira Cravo). Mathematical Description of Flows in Continuous Casting Machine of Steel (Keynote) (P. Gardin, and J.-F. Domgin). Evaluation of Turbulence Models in the Numerical Simulations of Fluid Flow in Different Configurations of Tundishes (H.V. Oliveira, M.C. Leão, T.A. Ávila, T.R.N. Campos, and R.P. Tavares). STEEL MAKING: MODELLING AND PROCESSING. Experiences in Physicochemical Modelling of Oxygen Converter Process (BOF) (Keynote) (H. Jalkanen). Reduction Behavior of BOF Type Slags by Solid Carbon (S.-M. Jung, Y.-J. Do, and J.-H. Choi). An Explanation for the Effect on Steelmaking of Titanium in Hot Metal (P.J. Koros, S. Street, and R.P. Stone). A Study of Freeze Layers in Smelting Furnaces (Keynote) (F. Guevara and G. Irons). Physical Modeling of a RH Degasser to Study Decarburization Rate (A.T.P. Almeida, J.Á. Alvarenga, T.J.P. Belarmino, A.C.P.C. Filho, A.A. Nascimento, and R.P. Tavares). Design of Steel for High Speed Machining (S.V. Subramanian, G. Zhu, C.M. Andrei, S.S. Ingle, and X. Zhang). Elastic T-Stress Evaluation from Fe Analysis for Mode (I) Loading in X52 Arc of Pipe Specimens (Abstract Only) (M. Hadj Meliani, M. Benarous, A. Ghoul, and Z. Azari). CORPORATE SECTION. FLOGEN Technologies Inc. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources. Korea Zinc Co. Ltd. LS-Nikko Copper. Outokumpu Technology. Posco. Umicore Precious Metals Refining. Xstrata Technology. Author Index. Subject Index.