This first book to cover different injection techniques not only provides a comprehensive overview of methodologies and instrumentation, it also covers recent advances in flow method analysis, with an appendix listing additional databases, instrumentation and methods on the Internet. A definite must-have for every chemist working in this field.

Table of Contents:
Introduction XIX List of Contributors XXV I Methodologies and Instrumentation 1 1 Theoretical Aspects of Flow Analysis 3 Fernando A. Iñón and Mabel B. Tudino 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Classification of Flow Systems. Fundamentals 4 1.3 Dispersion in Flow Injection Analysis: From the Movement of Fluids in Open Tubes to Controlled Dispersion 7 1.4 The Measurement of Dispersion 15 1.5 Contribution of the Different Components of a Flow System to Dispersion 21 1.6 Design Equations 29 1.7 Concluding Remarks 38 References 39 2 Injection Techniques in Flow Analysis 43 Víctor Cerdà and José Manuel Estela 2.1 Introduction 43 2.2 Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) 44 2.3 Segmented Flow Analysis (SFA) 45 2.4 Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) 46 2.5 Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) 53 2.6 Multicommutated Flow Injection Analysis (MCFIA) 61 2.7 Multisyringe Flow Injection Analysis (MSFIA) 63 2.8 Multipumping Flow Systems (MPFS) 69 2.9 Combined Injection Methods 70 2.10 Concluding Remarks 73 References 74 3 Application of Moveable Suspensions of Solid Particles in Flow Analysis 79 Marek Trojanowicz 3.1 Introduction 79 3.2 Solid Microparticles Used in Suspensions in Flow Analysis 81 3.3 Handling Suspensions of Particles in Flow Systems 82 3.4 Detection Methods Employed in Flow Systems with Particle Suspensions 86 3.5 Renewable Columns in Flow Systems 91 3.6 Microfluidics with Processing of Particle Suspensions 94 3.7 Nanoparticles in Flow Systems 98 3.8 Conclusions 100 References 101 4 Batch Injection Analysis 107 Christopher M.A. Brett 4.1 Introduction 107 4.2 Theory of Batch Injection Analysis 108 4.3 Experimental Aspects – Cell Design and Detection Strategies 110 4.4 Applications of Batch Injection Analysis 114 4.5 Comparison of BIA with Flow Injection Techniques 120 4.6 Future Perspectives 121 References 121 5 Electroosmosis-Driven Flow Analysis 127 Petr Kubán, Shaorong Liu, and Purnendu K. Dasgupta 5.1 Introduction 127 5.2 Pumping Systems 128 5.3 EOF Pumping Systems 133 5.4 EOF Injection Methods Utilized in FIA, SIA and Micro Total Analysis Systems (m-TAS) 142 5.5 Applications of EOF-Driven Pumping in Flow Analysis 143 5.6 Future Prospects 145 References 145 6 Flow Analysis in Microfluidic Devices 149 Manabu Tokeshi and Takehiko Kitamori 6.1 Introduction 149 6.2 Continuous Flow Chemical Processing in Microfluidic Devices 149 6.3 Flow Injection Analysis in Microfluidic Devices 159 6.4 Perspectives 163 References 165 7 The Concept of Multi-commutation in Flow Analysis 167 Mário A. Feres, Elias A.G. Zagatto, João L.M. Santos, and José L.F.C. Lima 7.1 Introduction 167 7.2 Concepts 169 7.3 The Discretely Operated Devices 171 7.4 System Design 172 7.5 Tandem Streams 174 7.6 Processes Involving Multi-Commutation 175 7.7 Applications 180 7.8 Conclusions 181 7.9 Trends 181 References 192 8 Advanced Calibration Methods in Flow Injection Analysis 203 Pawe³ Kóscielniak 8.1 Introduction 203 8.2 Advanced Calibration Procedures 205 8.3 Advanced Calibration Concepts 214 8.4 Trends and Perspectives 219 References 221 9 Multicomponent Flow Injection Analysis 227 Javier Saurina 9.1 Introduction 227 9.2 Principal Strategies for Multicomponent Analysis 229 9.3 Trends and Perspectives 254 References 256 10 Flow Processing Devices Coupled to Discrete Sample Introduction Instruments 265 M. Valcárcel, S. Cárdenas, B.M. Simonet, and R. Lucena 10.1 Introduction: The Problem of Sample Treatment 265 10.2 Roles of Flow Processing Devices 265 10.3 Ways of Coupling Flow Processing Devices to Discrete Sample Introduction Instruments 266 10.4 Coupling Flow Processing Devices to Gas Chromatographs 267 10.5 Coupling Flow Processing Devices to Liquid Chromatographs 271 10.6 Coupling Flow Processing Devices to Capillary Electrophoresis Equipment 274 10.7 Future Prospects 283 References 283 11 On-line Sample Processing Methods in Flow Analysis 291 Manuel Miró and Elo Harald Hansen 11.1 Introduction 291 11.2 On-line Sample Pretreatment Protocols for Aqueous and Air Samples 292 11.3 On-line Processing of Solid Samples: Leaching/Extraction Methods 306 11.4 Trends and Perspectives 307 References 311 12 Flow Analysis and the Internet – Databases, Instrumentation, and Resources 321 Stuart J. Chalk 12.1 Introduction 321 12.2 Databases 321 12.3 Journals 323 12.4 Instrumentation 330 12.5 Standard Methods 330 12.6 Other Useful Websites 337 12.7 Future Directions 339 References 341 II Advances in Detection Methods in Flow Analysis 343 13 Luminescence Detection in Flow Analysis 345 Antonio Molina-Díaz and Juan Francisco García-Reyes 13.1 Introduction 345 13.2 Luminescence Detection in Continuous Flow Systems 346 13.3 Recent Trends and Perspectives 374 References 377 14 Enzymes in Flow Injection Analysis 395 Robert Koncki, Lukasz Tymecki, and Beata Rozum 14.1 Introduction 395 14.2 Enzyme Substrates as Analytes 396 14.3 Methods Based on Enzyme Activity Measurements 412 14.4 Conclusions 416 References 417 15 Flow Potentiometry 425 M. Conceição B.S.M. Montenegro and Alberto N. Araújo 15.1 Introduction 425 15.2 Background Concepts 425 15.3 Electrode Developments and Detector Cell Designs 428 15.4 Flow Analytical Techniques Based on Potentiometry 436 15.5 Trends and Future Prospects 443 References 443 16 Flow Voltammetry 455 Ivano G.R. Gutz, Lúcio Angnes, and Andrea Cavicchioli 16.1 Introduction 455 16.2 Voltammetric/Amperometric Flow Analysis 456 16.3 Strategies for Improving Selectivity, Sensitivity, and Durability 467 16.4 Trends and Perspectives 472 References 473 17 Affinity Interaction Profiling of Protein–Protein and Protein–Ligand Interactions Using Flow Analysis 483 J. Kool, N.P.E. Vermeulen, H. Lingeman, R.J.E. Derks, and H. Irth 17.1 Introduction 483 17.2 Profiling of Noncovalent Protein–Protein and Protein–Ligand Interactions Based on Mass Spectrometry Flow Analysis 485 17.3 Integration of Flow Analysis and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Bioaffinity Screening of Mixtures 490 17.4 Conclusions 502 References 503 18 Atomic Spectroscopy in Flow Analysis 511 José L. Burguera and Marcela Burguera 18.1 Introduction 511 18.2 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 512 18.3 Sample Dilution 519 18.4 Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 520 18.5 Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry 527 18.6 Conclusions and Further Developments 531 References 532 19 Flow Injection Mass Spectrometry 545 Maria Fernanda Giné 19.1 Introduction 545 19.2 FIA-MS Sample Introduction Devices 550 19.3 Flow Systems Coupled to External Ionization Sources – MS 553 19.4 Conclusions 566 References 566 III Applications 575 20 Environmental Applications of Flow Analysis 577 Shoji Motomizu 20.1 Introduction 577 20.2 Analysis of the Aquatic Environment by Flow Methods 577 20.3 Analysis of an Atmospheric Environment by Flow Methods 590 20.4 Analysis of the Geosphere Environment by Flow Methods 594 20.5 Future of Environmental Analysis 595 References 596 21 Flow Methods in Pharmaceutical Analysis 601 J. Martínez Calatayud and J.R. Albert-García 21.1 Introduction 601 21.2 Analysis of Pharmaceutical Formulations 602 21.3 Flow Process Analyzers in the Pharmaceutical Industry 626 References 635 22 Industrial and Environmental Applications of Continuous Flow Analysis 639 Kees Hollaar and Bram Neele 22.1 Introduction 639 22.2 Overview of Environmental and Industrial Fields 640 22.3 Applications and Their Ranges 645 22.4 Development of Flow Analysis Applications 658 22.5 Trends in Continuous Flow Analysis 659 References 661 Index 663