Revives the classical strategies of ancient Greek and Roman rhetoricians and adapts them to the needs of contemporary writers and speakers.

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents   Preface   Part One: Invention   Chapter 1: Ancient Rhetorics: Their Differences and the Differences They Make Ancient Rhetorics: The Beginnings Comparing Ancient and Contemporary Rhetorics Extrinsic and Intrinsic Proofs         That's Just Your Opinion On Ideology and the Commonplaces Language as Power; Language as Action Practice, Practice, Practice Progymnasmata Progymnasmata I: Fable         Composing Fables Progymnasmata II: Tale         Composing Tales Notes Works Cited   Chapter 2: Kairos and the Rhetorical Situation: Seizing the Moment Ancient Depictions of Kairos Kairos, Change, and Rhetorical Situations Kairos as a Means of Invention         How Urgent or Immediate is the Issue?         Arguments and Interests         The trigger and the damage done         Freedom, yes, but which one?         Power Dynamics in a Rhetorical Situation         A Web of Related Issues Rhetorical Activities Progymnasmata II: Chreia Progymnasmata: Chreia Works Cited   Chapter 3: Achieving Stasis by Asking the Right Questions On Inventing: How to Proceed The Importance of Achieving Stasis Theoretical Versus Practical Questions The Four Questions         A Simple Example Expanding the Questions         Questions of Quality: Simple or Complex         Questions of Policy Using the Stases Rhetorical Activities         Pro-life Arguments         Pro-choice Arguments Progymnasmata III: Proverb Proverb Rhetorical Exercises: Proverb Notes Works Cited   Chapter 4: The Common Topics and the Commonplaces: Finding the Available Means Aristotle's Topical System The Common Topics         The Common Topic of Past and Future Fact (Conjecture)         The Common Topic of Greater/Lesser (Degree)         The Common Topic of Possible/Impossible Commonplaces and Ideology Commonplaces in American Political Rhetoric Using Common Topics and Commonplaces to Invent Arguments Rhetorical Activities Progymnasmata IV: Common-place Rhetorical Activities for Progymnasmata: Common-place Notes Works Cited   Chapter 5: Logical Proof: Reasoning in Rhetoric Probabilities Aristotle on Reasoning in Rhetoric         Deduction         Induction         Enthymemes         Rhetorical Examples         Historical Examples - Brief and Extended         Fictional Example         Analogy         Similar and Contrary Examples         Using Examples         Maxims         Signs Rhetorical Activities Progymnasmata V: Confirmation and Refutation Exercises in Progymnasmata: Confirmation and Refutation Works Cited   Chapter 6: Ethical Proof: Arguments from Character Ethos in Ancient Rhetorics Invented Ethos         Demonstrating Intelligence by Doing the Homework         Establishing Good Character         Securing Good Will         Situated Ethos Rhetorical Activities Progymnasmata VI: Character Progymnasmata: Character Works Cited   Chapter 7: Pathetic Proof: Passionate Appeals         Ancient Teachers on the Emotions         Emotions as Rhetorical Proofs         The Characters of Audiences and Rhetors         Composing Passionate Proofs         Enargeia         Honorific and Pejorative Language Rhetorical Activities Progymnasmata VII: Encomium and Invective, Description Exercises: Encomium and Invective Description Exercises: Description Works Cited     Chapter 8: Extrinsic Proofs: Arguments Waiting to Be Used Extrinsic Proofs in Ancient Rhetorics Testimony         Community Authorities         Evaluating Community Authorities         Proximate Authorities Data         Evaluating Data Rhetorical Activities Notes Progymnasmata VIII: Introduction of Law An Opposition of a Law That Permits Assault Weapons Rhetorical Activities: Introduction of Law Works Cited   Part Two: Arrangement   Chapter 9: Arrangement: Getting It Together Ancient Teachings about Arrangement The Exordium, or Beginning         Introductions         Topics for Making Audiences Attentive and Receptive         Insinuations The Narrative (Statement of the Case) The Partition The Arguments: Confirmation and Refutation The Peroration (Conclusion)         Composing a Summary Exciting Indignation Toward an Opponent Or the Opposing Position         Enhancing Ethos An Extended Example Rhetorical Activities Progymnasmata IX: Thesis Rhetorical Activities: Thesis Notes Works Cited   Part Three: Style, Memory, and Delivery   Chapter 10: Style: Composition and Ornament Correctness Clarity Appropriateness: Kairos and Style Ornament         Sentence Composition         Paratactic and Periodic Styles         Figurative Language         Figures that Interrupt Normal Word Order         Figures of Repetition         Figures of Thought         Figures of Thought That Enhance Ethos         Figures of Thought That Involve Audience         Figures of Thought That Arouse Emotion         Figures of Thought Borrowed from Invention and Arrangement         Onomatopoeia         Antonomasia         Metonomy         Periphrasis         Hyperbaton         Hyperbole         Synecdoche         Catachresis         Metaphor         Allegory Voice and Rhetorical Distance Rhetorical Exercises Notes Works Cited   Chapter 11: Imitation Imitation I: Reading Aloud and Copying Imitation Exercise I: Reading Aloud and Copying Imitation II: Inhabiting through Practice Imitation Exercises II: Imitation Imitation III: Translation and Paraphrase         Translation Paraphrase         Paraphrasing Poetry         Examples of Paraphrase Paraphrase Exercises Works Cited   Chapter 12: Delivery and Memory: Attending to Eyes and Ears Ancient Commentary on Delivery Delivery of Oral Discourse Ancient Memory Ancient Memory Systems Delivery of Written Discourse         Correctness         Correctness: Traditional Grammar and Usage         Visual Rhetoric         Ocular Demonstration         Textual Presentation         Klavika: A sans for the 21st century         Picture Theory         Digital Rhetors Rhetorical Activities Notes Works Cited     Glossary Appendix: Signposts in Ancient Rhetorics Bibliography Suggestions for Further Readings Credits Index