Professionals and students who come from disciplines other than chemistry need a concise, yet reliable guide that explains key concepts in environmental chemistry, from the fundamental science to the necessary calculations for applying them. Updated and reorganized, Applications of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry: A Practical Guide, Second Edition provides the essential background for understanding and solving environmental chemistry problems that arise most frequently. Diverse and self-contained chapters offer a centralized and easily navigable framework for finding useful data tables that are ordinarily scattered throughout the literature. The book explains how to interpret the significance of water quality data, including expanded tables with water quality parameters and chemicals that relate to water quality. It also contains EPA water use classifications and describes treatment methods for industrial, municipal, and agricultural waste discharges. Worked examples provide step-by-step details for frequently used calculations, drawing on case histories from real-world environmental applications. Chapters also offer tools for calculating quick estimates of important quantities and practice problems that apply the principles to different conditions. This practical guide provides an ideal basis for self-study as well as short courses involving the movement and fate of contaminants in the environment.

Table of Contents:
Water Quality Defining Environmental Water Quality Sources of Water Impurities Measuring Impurities Contaminant Behavior in the Environment: Basic Principles Behavior of Contaminants in Natural Waters What Are the Fates of Different Pollutants? Processes That Remove Pollutants from Water Major Contaminant Groups and Natural Pathways for Their Removal from Water Chemical and Physical Reactions in the Water Environment Partitioning Behavior of Pollutants Intermolecular Forces Origins of Intermolecular Forces: Electronegativities, Chemical Bonds, and Molecular Geometry Solubility and Intermolecular Attractions Major Water Quality Parameters and Applications Interactions Among Water Quality Parameters pH Oxidation–Reduction Potential Carbon Dioxide, Bicarbonate, and Carbonate Acidity and Alkalinity Hardness Dissolved Oxygen Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand Nitrogen: Ammonia, Nitrite, and Nitrate Sulfide and Hydrogen Sulfide Phosphorus Solids (Total, Suspended, and Dissolved) Temperature Behavior of Metal Species in the Natural Environment Metals in Water Metal Water Quality Standards Case Study 1: Treatment of Trace Metals in Urban Stormwater Runoff; Behavior of Common Stormwater Pollutants Under Oxidizing and Reducing Conditions. Case Study 2: Acid Rock Drainage Case Study 3: Identifying Metal Loss and Gain Mechanisms in a Stream Soil, Groundwater, and Subsurface Contamination Nature of Soils Soil Profiles Organic Matter in Soil Soil Zones Contaminants Become Distributed in Water, Soil, and Air Partition Coefficients Mobility of Contaminants in the Subsurface Particulate Transport in Groundwater: Colloids Case Study: Clearing Muddy Ponds General Properties of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids and the Behavior of Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquids in the Subsurface Types and Properties of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids General Characteristics of Petroleum Liquids, the Most Common LNAPL Behavior of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Subsurface Formation of Petroleum Contamination Plumes Estimating the Amount of LNAPL Free Product in the Subsurface Estimating the Amount of Residual LNAPL Immobilized in the Subsurface Chemical Fingerprinting of LNAPLs Simulated Distillation Curves and Carbon Number Distribution Behavior of Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids in the Subsurface DNAPL Properties DNAPL Free Product Mobility Testing for the Presence of DNAPL Polychlorinated Biphenyls Biodegradation and Bioremediation of LNAPLs and DNAPLs Biodegradation and Bioremediation Basic Requirements for Biodegradation Biodegradation Processes Natural Aerobic Biodegradation of NAPL Hydrocarbons Determining the Extent of Bioremediation of LNAPL Bioremediation of Chlorinated DNAPLs Behavior of Radionuclides in the Water and Soil Environment Radionuclides Emissions and Their Properties Units of Radioactivity and Absorbed Radiation Naturally Occurring Radioisotopes in the Environment Selected Topics in Environmental Chemistry Agricultural Water Quality Sodium Adsorption Ratio Deicing and Sanding of Roads: Controlling Environmental Effects Drinking Water Treatment Ion Exchange Indicators of Fecal Contamination: Coliform and Streptococci Bacteria Municipal Wastewater Reuse: The Movement and Fate of Microbial Pathogens Oil and Grease Quality Assurance and Quality Control in Environmental Sampling Case Study: Water Quality Profile of Groundwater in Coal-Bed Methane Formations Appendix A: A Selective Dictionary of Water Quality Parameters and Pollutants Answers to Selected Chapter Exercises Index