Master linear regression techniques with a new edition of a classic text Reviews of the Second Edition: "I found it enjoyable reading and so full of interesting material that even the well-informed reader will probably find something new . . . a necessity for all of those who do linear regression." —Technometrics, February 1987 "Overall, I feel that the book is a valuable addition to the now considerable list of texts on applied linear regression. It should be a strong contender as the leading text for a first serious course in regression analysis." —American Scientist, May–June 1987 Applied Linear Regression, Third Edition has been thoroughly updated to help students master the theory and applications of linear regression modeling. Focusing on model building, assessing fit and reliability, and drawing conclusions, the text demonstrates how to develop estimation, confidence, and testing procedures primarily through the use of least squares regression. To facilitate quick learning, the Third Edition stresses the use of graphical methods in an effort to find appropriate models and to better understand them. In that spirit, most analyses and homework problems use graphs for the discovery of structure as well as for the summarization of results. The Third Edition incorporates new material reflecting the latest advances, including: Use of smoothers to summarize a scatterplot Box-Cox and graphical methods for selecting transformations Use of the delta method for inference about complex combinations of parameters Computationally intensive methods and simulation, including the bootstrap method Expanded chapters on nonlinear and logistic regression Completely revised chapters on multiple regression, diagnostics, and generalizations of regression Readers will also find helpful pedagogical tools and learning aids, including: More than 100 exercises, most based on interesting real-world data Web primers demonstrating how to use standard statistical packages, including R, S-Plus®, SPSS®, SAS®, and JMP®, to work all the examples and exercises in the text A free online library for R and S-Plus that makes the methods discussed in the book easy to use With its focus on graphical methods and analysis, coupled with many practical examples and exercises, this is an excellent textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, who will quickly learn how to use linear regression analysis techniques to solve and gain insight into real-life problems.

Table of Contents:
Preface. 1 Scatterplots and Regression. 1.1 Scatterplots. 1.2 Mean Functions. 1.3 Variance Functions. 1.4 Summary Graph. 1.5 Tools for Looking at Scatterplots. 1.5.1 Size. 1.5.2 Transformations. 1.5.3 Smoothers for the Mean Function. 1.6 Scatterplot Matrices. Problems. 2 Simple Linear Regression. 2.1 Ordinary Least Squares Estimation. 2.2 Least Squares Criterion. 2.3 Estimating σ 2. 2.4 Properties of Least Squares Estimates. 2.5 Estimated Variances. 2.6 Comparing Models: The Analysis of Variance. 2.6.1 The F-Test for Regression. 2.6.2 Interpreting p-values. 2.6.3 Power of Tests. 2.7 The Coefficient of Determination, R2. 2.8 Confidence Intervals and Tests. 2.8.1 The Intercept. 2.8.2 Slope. 2.8.3 Prediction. 2.8.4 Fitted Values. 2.9 The Residuals. Problems. 3 Multiple Regression. 3.1 Adding a Term to a Simple Linear Regression Model. 3.1.1 Explaining Variability. 3.1.2 Added-Variable Plots. 3.2 The Multiple Linear Regression Model. 3.3 Terms and Predictors. 3.4 Ordinary Least Squares. 3.4.1 Data and Matrix Notation. 3.4.2 Variance-Covariance Matrix of e. 3.4.3 Ordinary Least Squares Estimators. 3.4.4 Properties of the Estimates. 3.4.5 Simple Regression in Matrix Terms. 3.5 The Analysis of Variance. 3.5.1 The Coefficient of Determination. 3.5.2 Hypotheses Concerning One of the Terms. 3.5.3 Relationship to the t -Statistic. 3.5.4 t-Tests and Added-Variable Plots. 3.5.5 Other Tests of Hypotheses. 3.5.6 Sequential Analysis of Variance Tables. 3.6 Predictions and Fitted Values. Problems. 4 Drawing Conclusions. 4.1 Understanding Parameter Estimates. 4.1.1 Rate of Change. 4.1.2 Signs of Estimates. 4.1.3 Interpretation Depends on Other Terms in the Mean Function. 4.1.4 Rank Deficient and Over-Parameterized Mean Functions. 4.1.5 Tests. 4.1.6 Dropping Terms. 4.1.7 Logarithms. 4.2 Experimentation Versus Observation. 4.3 Sampling from a Normal Population. 4.4 More on R2. 4.4.1 Simple Linear Regression and R2. 4.4.2 Multiple Linear Regression. 4.4.3 Regression through the Origin. 4.5 Missing Data. 4.5.1 Missing at Random. 4.5.2 Alternatives. 4.6 Computationally Intensive Methods. 4.6.1 Regression Inference without Normality. 4.6.2 Nonlinear Functions of Parameters. 4.6.3 Predictors Measured with Error. Problems. 5 Weights, Lack of Fit, and More. 5.1 Weighted Least Squares. 5.1.1 Applications of Weighted Least Squares. 5.1.2 Additional Comments. 5.2 Testing for Lack of Fit, Variance Known. 5.3 Testing for Lack of Fit, Variance Unknown. 5.4 General F Testing. 5.4.1 Non-null Distributions. 5.4.2 Additional Comments. 5.5 Joint Confidence Regions. Problems. 6 Polynomials and Factors. 6.1 Polynomial Regression. 6.1.1 Polynomials with Several Predictors. 6.1.2 Using the Delta Method to Estimate a Minimum or a Maximum. 6.1.3 Fractional Polynomials. 6.2 Factors. 6.2.1 No Other Predictors. 6.2.2 Adding a Predictor: Comparing Regression Lines. 6.2.3 Additional Comments. 6.3 Many Factors. 6.4 Partial One-Dimensional Mean Functions. 6.5 Random Coefficient Models. Problems. 7 Transformations. 7.1 Transformations and Scatterplots. 7.1.1 Power Transformations. 7.1.2 Transforming Only the Predictor Variable. 7.1.3 Transforming the Response Only. 7.1.4 The Box and Cox Method. 7.2 Transformations and Scatterplot Matrices. 7.2.1 The 1D Estimation Result and Linearly Related Predictors. 7.2.2 Automatic Choice of Transformation of Predictors. 7.3 Transforming the Response. 7.4 Transformations of Nonpositive Variables. Problems. 8 Regression Diagnostics: Residuals. 8.1 The Residuals. 8.1.1 Difference Between ˆe and e. 8.1.2 The Hat Matrix. 8.1.3 Residuals and the Hat Matrix with Weights. 8.1.4 The Residuals When the Model Is Correct. 8.1.5 The Residuals When the Model Is Not Correct. 8.1.6 Fuel Consumption Data. 8.2 Testing for Curvature. 8.3 Nonconstant Variance. 8.3.1 Variance Stabilizing Transformations. 8.3.2 A Diagnostic for Nonconstant Variance. 8.3.3 Additional Comments. 8.4 Graphs for Model Assessment. 8.4.1 Checking Mean Functions. 8.4.2 Checking Variance Functions. Problems. 9 Outliers and Influence. 9.1 Outliers. 9.1.1 An Outlier Test. 9.1.2 Weighted Least Squares. 9.1.3 Significance Levels for the Outlier Test. 9.1.4 Additional Comments. 9.2 Influence of Cases. 9.2.1 Cook’s Distance. 9.2.2 Magnitude of Di . 9.2.3 Computing Di . 9.2.4 Other Measures of Influence. 9.3 Normality Assumption. Problems. 10 Variable Selection. 10.1 The Active Terms. 10.1.1 Collinearity. 10.1.2 Collinearity and Variances. 10.2 Variable Selection. 10.2.1 Information Criteria. 10.2.2 Computationally Intensive Criteria. 10.2.3 Using Subject-Matter Knowledge. 10.3 Computational Methods. 10.3.1 Subset Selection Overstates Significance. 10.4 Windmills. 10.4.1 Six Mean Functions. 10.4.2 A Computationally Intensive Approach. Problems. 11 Nonlinear Regression. 11.1 Estimation for Nonlinear Mean Functions. 11.2 Inference Assuming Large Samples. 11.3 Bootstrap Inference. 11.4 References. Problems. 12 Logistic Regression. 12.1 Binomial Regression. 12.1.1 Mean Functions for Binomial Regression. 12.2 Fitting Logistic Regression. 12.2.1 One-Predictor Example. 12.2.2 Many Terms. 12.2.3 Deviance. 12.2.4 Goodness-of-Fit Tests. 12.3 Binomial Random Variables. 12.3.1 Maximum Likelihood Estimation. 12.3.2 The Log-Likelihood for Logistic Regression. 12.4 Generalized Linear Models. Problems. Appendix. A.1 Web Site. A.2 Means and Variances of Random Variables. A.2.1 E Notation. A.2.2 Var Notation. A.2.3 Cov Notation. A.2.4 Conditional Moments. A.3 Least Squares for Simple Regression. A.4 Means and Variances of Least Squares Estimates. A.5 Estimating E(Y |X) Using a Smoother. A.6 A Brief Introduction to Matrices and Vectors. A.6.1 Addition and Subtraction. A.6.2 Multiplication by a Scalar. A.6.3 Matrix Multiplication. A.6.4 Transpose of a Matrix. A.6.5 Inverse of a Matrix. A.6.6 Orthogonality. A.6.7 Linear Dependence and Rank of a Matrix. A.7 Random Vectors. A.8 Least Squares Using Matrices. A.8.1 Properties of Estimates. A.8.2 The Residual Sum of Squares. A.8.3 Estimate of Variance. A.9 The QR Factorization. A.10 Maximum Likelihood Estimates. A.11 The Box-Cox Method for Transformations. A.11.1 Univariate Case. A.11.2 Multivariate Case. A.12 Case Deletion in Linear Regression. References. Author Index. Subject Index.