This is the loose-leaf version of Assessing and Correcting Reading and Writing Difficulties and does not include access to the Enhanced Pearson eText. To order the Enhanced Pearson eText packaged with the loose-leaf version, use ISBN 0134812727.   Comprehensive, practical, and up to date, Assessing and Correcting Reading and Writing Difficulties presents a wealth of examples and thorough coverage of procedures for assessing and instructing below-level readers and writers from pre-k through grade 12. The book covers virtually all aspects of assessment, including basic concepts of tests and measurements; standardized measures, and informal but highly regarded techniques. The book’s thorough, practical coverage of instructional techniques includes approaches for working with readers and writers who have the most severe difficulties. Some 46 sample lessons covering virtually every essential skill are presented and accompanied by numerous suggestions for practice and reinforcement, including the use of technology. The text  takes the position that with the right kind of instruction and reinforcement, virtually all students can learn to read and write complex text, which is the foundation for being college- and career-ready.   Improve mastery and retention with the Enhanced Pearson eText* The Enhanced Pearson eText provides a rich, interactive learning environment designed to improve student mastery of content. The Enhanced Pearson eText is:   Engaging. The new interactive, multimedia learning features were developed by the authors and other subject-matter experts to deepen and enrich the learning experience. Convenient. Enjoy instant online access from your computer or download the Pearson eText App to read on or offline on your iPad® and Android® tablet.* Affordable. Experience the advantages of the Enhanced Pearson eText along with all the benefits of print for 40% to 50% less than a print bound book. *The Enhanced eText features are only available in the Pearson eText format. They are not available in third-party eTexts or downloads. *The Pearson eText App is available on Google Play and in the App Store. It requires Android OS 3.1-4, a 7” or 10” tablet, or iPad iOS 5.0 or later.

Table of Contents:
BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction to Literacy Difficulties Factors Involved in Reading and Writing Difficulties Overview of Assessment Placing Students and Monitoring Progress Assessment of Reading and Writing Processes Assessment of Cognitive, School, and Home Factors Emergent Literacy and Prevention Programs Teaching Phonics, High-Frequency Words, and Fluency Syllabic, Morphemic, and Contextual Analysis and Dictionary Strategies Building Vocabulary Building Comprehension Reading to Learn and Remember in the Content Areas Building Writing Strategies Tier II and III Programs for Students of All Ages Organization of Intervention and Corrective Programs Appendix A: Informal Assessment Measures Appendix B: Sample Assessment Report Glossary References Index DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction to Literacy Difficulties Using What You Know Anticipation Guide Nature of Reading Difficulties The Nature of Intervention and Corrective Instruction Principles of Intervention and Corrective Instruction Impact of Federal Legislation and Standards Summary Application Activities Factors Involved in Reading and Writing Difficulties Using What You Know Anticipation Guide Interacting Factors in Reading and Writing Difficulty Cognitive Factors Language Factors Affective Factors Physical Causes Social, Cultural, Economic, and Educational Factors Summary Application Activities Overview of Assessment Using What You Know Anticipation Guide Principles of Effective Assessment Tests Assessing for Learning Evaluating Assessment Devices High-Stakes Tests Assessing English Language Learners Summary Application Activities Placing Students and Monitoring Progress Using What You Know Anticipation Guide The Informal Reading Inventory Reaching the Frustration Level Establishing Listening Capacity Running Records Planning Instruction Based on IRI, Miscue Analysis, or Running Record Results IRI-Based Tests Screening, Monitoring Progress, and Benchmarking Summary Application Activities Assessment of Reading and Writing Processes Using What You Know Anticipation Guide Reading Processes: Decoding Reading Processes: Comprehension and Study Skills Assessing Vocabulary Knowledge Assessing Writing Spelling and Handwriting Summary Application Activities Assessment of Cognitive, School, and Home Factors Using What You Know Anticipation Guide Assessment of Capacity Tests of Listening, Language, Memory, Associative Learning, and Word Finding Assessing the Instructional Situation Case History Summarizing, Organizing, Interpreting, and Reporting Assessment Data Mini–Case Study Summary Application Activities Emergent Literacy and Prevention Programs Using What You Know Anticipation Guide Emergent Literacy and Prevention Programs Using Read-Alouds and Writing to Develop Emergent Literacy Phonological Processes and Reading Letter Knowledge Mini–Case Study Prekindergarten Prevention Programs Summary Application Activities Teaching Phonics, High-Frequency Words, and Fluency Using What You Know Anticipation Guide Phonics and the Struggling Reader Teaching Consonants Teaching Vowels Mini–Case Study Word-Analysis Strategies Mini–Case Study High-Frequency Words Fostering Fluency Mini–Case Study Summary Application Activities Syllabic, Morphemic, and Contextual Analysis and Dictionary Strategies Using What You Know Anticipation Guide Syllabic Analysis Morphemic Analysis Contextual Analysis Using the Dictionary Balanced Use of Strategies Mini–Case Study Summary Application Activities Building Vocabulary Using What You Know Anticipation Guide The Nature of Vocabulary Instruction for Underachieving Readers Principles of Vocabulary Instruction Teaching Words Teaching Vocabulary to English Learners A Full Program of Vocabulary Development Mini–Case Study Summary Application Activities Building Comprehension Using What You Know Anticipation Guide Theories of Comprehension Comprehension Strategies Beyond Strategies Importance of Background Knowledge, Reasoning and Talk Lessons and Teaching Techniques that Foster Comprehension Mini–Case Study Summary Application Activities Reading to Learn and Remember in the Content Areas Using What You Know Anticipation Guide The Challenge of Content-Area Instruction Framework for Teaching Content-Area Reading Using Text Structure Instructional Techniques for Fostering Learning From Text Textbooks in the Content Areas Teaching Literature to Struggling Readers Reading to Learn and Remember Mini–Case Study Summary Application Activities Building Writing Strategies Using What You Know Anticipation Guide Struggling Writers and the Nature of Writing Writing Workshop Composing Narrative, Explanatory/Informational, and Persuasive Texts Writing Programs for Low-Achieving Readers and Writers Mini–Case Study Spelling and Handwriting Summary Application Activities Tier II and III Programs for Students of All Ages Using What You Know Anticipation Guide Approaches to Intervention Intervention Programs The Need for Specialized Techniques Working with English Learners Summary Application Activities Organization of Intervention and Corrective Programs Using What You Know Anticipation Guide The Changing Face of Intervention Components of an Effective Intervention Program Matching Students with Materials Technology for the Reading/Writing Program Summary Application Activities Appendix A: Informal Assessment Measures Appendix B: Sample Assessment Report Glossary References Index