DDisorders associated with dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system are quite common yet frequently unrecognized. The quantitative autonomic testing presented here can be invaluable tool for evaluation of these disorders. This manual fills a gap in the literature and deals mainly with practical aspects of autonomic testing. In accord with the "good picture is worth a thousand words" mantra, signal drawings are heavy used throughout the text to facilitate the readers' knowledge. Autonomic Testing is the optimal guide for autonomic fellows, residents in neurology, general medicine and other specialties or for everybody that is interested in performing and interpreting autonomic tests. The unique aspect of this book is the use of the skin biopsies for assessment of small autonomic and sensory fibers as a routine part of autonomic testing. Another important feature of this book is the use of continuous cerebral blood flow velocity and end tidal CO2 monitoring in addition to standard heart rate and blood pressure recordings during the testing. Comprised of 100 unique case studies, each case solves a particular clinical question. The presented cases include neurally mediated syncope, psychogenic pseudosyncope, orthostatic intolerance syndromes, autonomic failure, variety of small fiber neuropathies (with and without autoimmunity), autonomic dysfunction in neurodegenerative and hypermobile disorders.

Table of Contents:
Introduction Chapter 1. Classification of Autonomic testing patterns Chapter 2. Functional Anatomy of the Autonomic nervous system Chapter 3. Laboratory Equipment Chapter 4 Tests Description Chapter 5. Artefacts Cases Chapter 6. Case 1. Normal Example Syncope, Neurally Mediated Chapter 7. Case 2 Syncope, Mixed Chapter 8. Case 3 Syncope, without Hyperventilation Chapter 9. Case 4 Syncope, Vasodepressor Chapter 10. Case 5 Syncope, Vasodepressor with Cerebral Autoregulatory Failure Chapter 11. Case 6 Syncope, Cardiovagal with Prolonged Asystole Chapter 12. Case 7 Syncope, Double. Chapter 13. Case 8 Syncope due to Autonomic Failure. Postural Tachycardia Syndromes (POTS) Chapter 14. Case 9 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Neuropathic Type Chapter 15. Case 10 Postural tachycardia syndrome with Hyperventilation Chapter 16. Case 11 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome with Positive Antibodies Against the P/Q-type of Calcium Channel Chapter 17. Case 12 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome with Presyncope and Syncope Chapter 18. Case 13 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome with Syncope Chapter 19. Case 14 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome with Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Chapter 20. Case 15 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome with Hyperventilation and Presyncope Chapter 21. Case 16 Autonomic Failure or Postural Tachycardia Syndrome ? Chapter 22. Case 17 Paroxysmal Dizziness in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome Chapter 23. Case 18 871 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Small Fiber Neuropathy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Chapter 24. Case 19 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome Due to Nephroptosis Chapter 25. Case 20 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome Versus Syncope with Loss of Vision Orthostatic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Syndrome (OCHOS) Chapter 26. Case 21 Orthostatic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Syndrome, Intermittent Chapter 27. Case 22 Orthostatic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Syndrome in Anaphylaxis Chapter 28. Case 23 Orthostatic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Syndrome, Severe Chapter 29. Case 24 Orthostatic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Syndrome with Vision Loss Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia Chapter 30 Case 25 Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia Chapter 31 Case 26 Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia and Orthostatic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Syndrome Chapter 32 Case 27 Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia Versus Postural Tachycardia Syndrome ? Chapter 33 Case 28 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome with Reverse Tilt Test Hypocapnic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (HYCH) Chapter 34 Case 29 Hypocapnic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Chapter 35 Case 30 Hypocapnic Cerebral Hypoperfusion with Paced Breathing Chapter 36 Case 31 Hypocapnic Cerebral Hypoperfusion with an Artifact Chapter 37 Case 32 Small Fiber Neuropathy, Orthostatic Hypertension and Hypocapnic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Chapter 38 Case 33 Hypocapnic Cerebral Hypoperfusion with Cholinergic Small Fiber Neuropathy Chapter 39 Case 34 Hypocapnic Cerebral Hypoperfusion and Effect of End Tidal CO2 Chapter 40 Case 35 Initial Orthostatic Hypotension Chapter 41 Case 36 Orthostatic Hypertension Chapter 42 Case 37 Severe Dyspnea and Preload Failure Chapter 43 Case 38 Dizziness and Elevated Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity Neurodegenerative Disorders Chapter 44 Case 39 Hypothermia in Frontotemporal Dementia Chapter 45 Case 40 Parkinson's Disease with Compensated Orthostatic Hypotension Chapter 46 Case 41 Atypical Parkinsonism Chapter 47 Case 42 Multiple System Atrophy versus Parkinson's Disease ? Chapter 48 Case 44 Multiple System Atrophy Chapter 49 Case 43 Multiple System Atrophy and Vitamin B12 Deficiency Chapter 50 Case 45 Multiple System Atrophy ? Chapter 51 Case 46 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis Chapter 52 Case 47 Moebious Syndrome Chapter 53 Case 48 Dyspnea Chapter 54 Case 49 Dizziness due to Multiple Sclerosis or Due to Dysautonomia? Small Fiber Neuropathy Chapter 55 Case 50 Small Fiber Neuropathy and Severe Autonomic Failure in Diabetes Chapter 56 Case 51 Small Fiber Neuropathy and Transient Orthostatic Hypotension in Diabetes Chapter 57 Case 52 Painful Small Fiber Neuropathy Chapter 58 Case 53 Small Fiber Neuropathy with Striational Antibodies Chapter 59 Case 54 Polyneuropathy Affecting Large and Small Fibers in Multiple Autoimmune Disorders Chapter 60 Case 55 Small fiber neuropathy with Autonomic Failure Chapter 61 Case 56 Autoimmune Small Fiber Neuropathy with Positive Ganglionic Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody Chapter 62 Case 57 Small Fiber Neuropathy and Hypocapnic Cerebral Hypoperfusion with Elevated Antibodies to N-type Calcium Channel Chapter 63 Case 58 Small Fiber Neuropathy with Positive Autoantibodies to N-type Calcium Channel Chapter 64 Case 59 Small Fiber Neuropathy and Autonomic Failure with Elevated Voltage-gated Potassium Channel Antibodies Chapter 65 Case 60 Small Fiber Neuropathy, Seronegative, Treated with Immune Globulins. Chapter 66 Case 61 Small Fiber Neuropathy, Patchy, with Elevated Voltage-gated Potassium Channel Antibodies Chapter 67 Case 62 Small Fiber Neuropathy with Symptomatic Improvement on Immune Globulins Chapter 68 Case 63 Small Fiber Sensory Neuropathy with Elevated Ganglionic Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody Responding to Immunoglobulins Chapter 69 Case 64 Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Small Fiber Neuropathy Chapter 70 Case 65 Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome with Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, Presyncope and Anxiety Chapter 71 Case 66 Hyperventilation Syndrome, Small Fiber Neuropathy and Postural Tachycardia Syndrome in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Chapter 72 Case 67 Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome with Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Psychogenic Pseudosyncope Chapter 73 Case 68 Unknown Connective Tissue Disorder and Postural Tachycardia Syndrome Chapter 74 Case 69 Small Fiber Neuropathy, Hypocapnic cerebral hypoperfusion and Generalized Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder Chapter 75 Case 70 Small Fiber Neuropathy and Generalized Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder Chapter 76 Case 71 Small Fiber Neuropathy, Postural Tachycardia and Mast Cell Activation Syndromes Chapter 77 Case 72 Postural Tachycardia, Mast Cell Activation and Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes Chapter 78 Case 73 Dysautonomia Due to Mast Cell Activation Syndrome or due to Psoriatic Arthritis ? Chapter 79 Case 74 Small Fiber Neuropathy and Lyme Disease Chapter 80 Case 75 Small Fiber Neuropathy, Cerebral Autoregulatory Failure and Posttreatment Lyme Disease syndrome Chapter 81 Case 76 Small Fiber Neuropathy, Hypocapnic Cerebral Hypoperfusion and Posttreatment Lyme Disease Syndrome Chapter 82 Case 77 Painful Small Fiber Neuropathy in Posttreatment Lyme disease Syndrome. Chapter 83 Case 78 355 Wilson disease Chapter 84 Case 79 Small Fiber Neuropathy and Abnormal Cerebral Blood Flow. Chapter 85 Case 80 Vitamin B12 Deficiency Chapter 86 Case 81 Hypovolemia in Valsalva Maneuver Chapter 87 Case 82 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Hypovolemia Paroxysmal Abnormalities Chapter 88 Case 83 Small Fiber Neuropathy and Preload Failure Chapter 89 Case 84 Intermittent Confusion Chapter 90 Case 85 Rhythmic Dizziness Chapter 91 Case 86 Paroxysmal Dysautonomia Chapter 92 Case 87 Intermittent Supine Hypotension Chapter 93 Case 88 Intermittent Vision Loss in Cervical Spine Injury Chapter 94 Case 89 Periodic Apnea Chapter 95 Case 90 Repetitive Dizziness Chapter 96 Case 91 Primary Cerebral Autoregulatory Failure Psychogenic Disorders Chapter 97 Case 92 Anxiety Chapter 98 Case 93 Anxiety Mimicking Postural Tachycardia Syndrome Chapter 99 Case 94 Anxiety and Postural Tachycardia Syndrome Chapter 100 Case 95 Fluctuating Psychogenic Dizziness Chapter 101 Case 96 Functional Neurologic Disorder and Postural Tachycardia Syndrome Chapter 102 Case 97 Unusual Postural Spells Chapter 103 Case 98 Repetitive Psychogenic Pseudosyncope Chapter 104 Case 99 Mixed Tilt Patterns in Rheumatoid Arthritis Chapter 105 Case 100 Dizziness in Concussion Index