Bioethics: Principles, Issues, and Cases, Second Edition, explores the philosophical, medical, social, and legal aspects of key bioethical issues. Opening with a thorough introduction to ethics, bioethics, and moral reasoning, it then covers influential moral theories and the criteria for evaluating them. Integrating eighty-five readings--thirteen of them new to this edition--numerous cases, and abundant pedagogical tools, the book addresses the most provocative and controversial topics in bioethics. Updated throughout, the second edition incorporates new information on justice, health care, and health insurance reform along with more coverage of issues related to race and culture and of the moral challenges facing nurses and other health care professionals. It also offers additional step-by-step guidance on how to identify and evaluate moral arguments in real-world contexts, with accompanying exercises and answers in an appendix. PEDAGOGICAL FEATURES: * "Classic Case Files" describe landmark cases that shaped the debate, while news-making "Cases for Evaluation" encourage students to form their own opinions * Various text boxes: "In Depth" boxes contain additional material, illustrations, or analyses, much of it "ripped from the headlines"; "Fact File" boxes provide statistics on the social, medical, and scientific facets of a chapter's topic; and "Legal Brief" boxes summarize important court rulings and the status of major legislation * "Key Terms" are boldfaced and boxed off within the text and then defined in a glossary at the back of the book * "Applying Major Theories" sections at the end of each chapter help students relate theories to the issues * Unique Support Package: An Instructor's Manual and Testbank on CD features reading summaries, essay questions, key terms, sample syllabi, and numerous test questions * A Companion Website at www.oup.com/us/vaughn contains Powerpoint lecture outlines, reading summaries, student self-test questions, flashcards, and helpful web links

Table of Contents:
*=NEW TO THIS EDITION ; CHAPTERS 3-10 INCLUDE AN "APPLYING MAJOR THEORIES" SECTION. ; CHAPTERS 3-11 INCLUDE CASES FOR EVALUATION. ; EACH CHAPTER INCLUDES KEY TERMS, A SUMMARY, FURTHER READING, AND NOTES. ; PART 1. PRINCIPLES AND THEORIES ; CHAPTER 1. MORAL REASONING IN BIOETHICS ; Ethics and Bioethics ; Ethics and the Moral Life ; Moral Principles in Bioethics ; Ethical Relativism ; Ethics and Religion ; Moral Arguments ; CHAPTER 2. BIOETHICS AND MORAL THEORIES ; The Nature of Moral Theories ; Influential Moral Theories ; Criteria for Judging Moral Theories ; Applying the Criteria ; * READINGS: ; * "Utilitarianism," John Stuart Mill ; * "The Moral Law," Immanuel Kant ; * "Virtue and the Moral Life," Bernard Mayo ; * "The Ethics of Care," Virginia Held ; PART 2. MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL AND PATIENT ; CHAPTER 3. PATERNALISM AND PATIENT AUTONOMY ; Shades of Autonomy and Paternalism ; Refusing Treatment ; Futile Treatment ; Classic Case File: Elizabeth Bouvia ; READINGS: ; "Paternalism," Gerald Dworkin ; "The Refutation of Medical Paternalism," Alan Goldman ; "Why Doctors Should Intervene," Terrence F. Ackerman ; "Autonomy, Futility, and the Limits of Medicine," Robert L. Schwartz ; Bouvia v. Superior Court, California Court of Appeals ; "Fundamental Elements of the Patient-Physician Relationship," AMA Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs ; "Code of Ethics for Nurses," American Nurses Association ; *"IN DEFENSE OF THE TRADITIONAL NURSE," LISA H. NEWTON ; *"ADVOCACY OR SUBSERVIENCE FOR THE SAKE OF PATIENTS?" HELGA KUHSE ; CHAPTER 4. TRUTH-TELLING AND CONFIDENTIALITY ; Paternalism and Deception ; Confidential Truths ; Classic Case File: Carlos R. ; READINGS: ; "Telling the Truth to Patients: A Clinical Ethics Exploration," David C. Thomasma ; "On Telling Patients the Truth," Mack Lipkin ; "On a Supposed Right to Lie from Altruistic Motives," Immanuel Kant ; "Respect for Patients, Physicians, and the Truth," Susan Cullen and Margaret Klein ; "Why Privacy Is Important," James Rachels ; "Confidentiality in Medicine--A Decrepit Concept," Mark Siegler ; *"Ethical Relativism in a Multicultural Society," Ruth Macklin ; Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, Supreme Court of California ; CHAPTER 5. INFORMED CONSENT ; Autonomy and Consent ; Conditions of Informed Consent ; Classic Case File: Jerry Canterbury ; READINGS: ; "The Concept of Informed Consent," Ruth R. Faden and Tom L. Beauchamp ; "Informed Consent--Must It Remain a Fairy Tale?" Jay Katz ; "Transparency: Informed Consent in Primary Care," Howard Brody ; "Informed Consent: Some Challenges to the Universal Validity of the Western Model," Robert J. Levine ; Canterbury v. Spence, United States Court of Appeals ; CHAPTER 6. HUMAN RESEARCH ; The Science of Clinical Trials ; Beneficence, Science, and Placebos ; Science and Informed Consent ; Research on the Vulnerable ; Classic Case File: The UCLA Schizophrenia Study ; READINGS: ; Declaration of Helsinki, World Medical Association ; "The Belmont Report," National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research ; "Final Report: Human Radiation Experiments," Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments ; "Of Mice but Not Men: Problems of the Randomized Clinical Trial," Samuel Hellman and Deborah S. Hellman ; "A Response to a Purported Ethical Difficulty with Randomized Clinical Trials Involving Cancer Patients," Benjamin Freedman ; "How to Resolve an Ethical Dilemma Concerning Randomized Clinical Trials," Don Marquis ; * "Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study," Allan M. Brandt ; "The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World," Marcia Angell ; "Ethical Issues in Clinical Trials in Developing Countries," Baruch Brody ; PART 3. LIFE AND DEATH ; CHAPTER 7. ABORTION ; Starting Point: The Basics ; Persons and Rights ; Classic Case File: Nancy Klein ; READINGS: ; "A Defense of Abortion," Judith Jarvis Thomson ; "Why Abortion Is Immoral," Don Marquis ; "An Almost Absolute Value in History," John T. Noonan, Jr. ; "On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion," Mary Anne Warren ; "Abortion Decisions: Personal Morality," Daniel Callahan ; "Abortion and the Concept of a Person," Jane English ; "In Defense of Abortion and Infanticide," Michael Tooley ; "Abortion Through a Feminist Ethic Lens," Susan Sherwin ; Roe v. Wade, U.S. Supreme Court ; Planned Parenthood v. Casey, U.S. Supreme Court ; CHAPTER 8. REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY ; In Vitro Fertilization ; Surrogacy ; Cloning ; Classic Case File: Baby M ; READINGS: ; "IVF: The Simple Case," Peter Singer ; "IVF and Women's Interests: An Analysis of Feminist Concerns," Mary Anne Warren ; "'Give Me Children or I Shall Die!' New Reproductive Technologies and Harm to Children," Cynthia B. Cohen ; "Instruction on Respect for Human Life in Its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation," Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith ; * "The Presumptive Primacy of Procreative Liberty," John A. Robertson ; "Surrogate Mothering: Exploitation or Empowerment?," Laura M. Purdy ; "On 'Surrogacy,'" Barbara Katz Rothman ; * Is Women's Labor a Commodity?," Elizabeth S. Anderson ; "The Wisdom of Repugnance," Leon R. Kass ; "Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of the Ethical Issues Pro and Con," Dan W. Brock ; Opinion in the Matter of Baby M, New Jersey Supreme Court ; CHAPTER 9. GENETIC CHOICES ; Genes and Genomes ; Genetic Testing ; Gene Therapy ; Stem Cells ; Classic Case File: The Kingsburys ; READINGS: ; "Implications of Prenatal Diagnosis for the Human Right to Life," Leon R. Kass ; "Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children Be Immoral?," Laura M. Purdy ; "The Morality of Screening for Disability," Jeff McMahan ; * Genetic Dilemmas and the Child's Right to an Open Future," Dena S. Davis ; "Disowning Knowledge: Issues in Genetic Testing," Robert Wachbroit ; "The Non-Identity Problem and Genetic Harms--the Case of Wrongful Handicaps," Dan W. Brock ; "Is Gene Therapy a Form of Eugenics?," John Harris ; "Genetic Enhancement," Walter Glannon ; "Germ-Line Gene Therapy," LeRoy Walters and Julie Gage Palmer ; "What Does 'Respect for Embryos' Mean in the Context of Stem Cell Research?," Bonnie Steinbock ; "Declaration on the Production and the Scientific and Therapeutic Use of Human Embryonic Stem Cells," Pontifical Academy for Life ; CHAPTER 10. EUTHANASIA & PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE ; Deciding Life and Death ; Autonomy, Mercy, and Harm ; Classic Case File: Nancy Cruzan ; READINGS: ; *"Death and Dignity: A Case of Individualized Decision Making," Timothy E. Quill ; "Voluntary Active Euthanasia," Dan W. Brock ; "When Self-Determination Runs Amok," Daniel Callahan ; "When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok," John Lachs ; "Physician-Assisted Suicide: A Tragic View," John D. Arras ; "Active and Passive Euthanasia," James Rachels ; "The Distinction Between Refusing Medical Treatment and Suicide," New York State Task Force on Life and the Law ; "The Philosophers' Brief," Ronald Dworkin, Thomas Nagel, Robert Nozick, John Rawls, Thomas Scanlon, and Judith Jarvis Thomson ; Vacco v. Quill, U.S. Supreme Court ; Washington v. Glucksberg, U.S. Supreme Court ; PART 4. JUSTICE AND HEALTH CARE ; CHAPTER 11. DIVIDING UP HEALTH CARE RESOURCES ; Health Care in Trouble ; Theories of Justice ; A Right to Health Care ; The Ethics of Rationing ; Classic Case File: Christine deMeurers ; READINGS: ; "Is There a Right to Health Care and, if So, What Does It Encompass?," Norman Daniels ; "The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care," Allen E. Buchanan ; "Rights to Health Care, Social Justice, and Fairness in Health Care Allocations: Frustrations in the Face of Finitude," H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. ; * Health Care Reform: Lessons from Canada," Raisa Berlin Debar ; "Rationing Fairly: Programmatic Considerations," Norman Daniels ; "The Allocation of Exotic Medical Lifesaving Therapy," Nicholas Rescher ; "QALYfying the Value of Life," John Harris ; "The Prostitute, the Playboy, and the Poet: Rationing Schemes for Organ Transplantation," George J. Annas