Table of Contents:
PART 1 - READINGAND WRITING IN COLLEGE   1.       Why Write?   2.       Reading Texts Critically   3.       Reading Images Critically   4.       The Writing Process Describing writing as a process Planning Composing Revising Researching Editing English as a second language     PART 2 - PLANNING A WRITING PROJECT   5. Analyzing the Rhetorical Situation a.       Knowing the purpose b.       Reading the audience c.       Understanding the situation d.       Adopting a voice   6. The Role of Journals Understanding journals Keeping a college journal Suggestions for using journals   7. Inventing and Discovering Brainstorming Free writing Looping Asking questions Outlining Clustering Talking               PART 3 — COMPOSING WRITING ASSIGNMENTS   8. Writing from Experience Character Subject Perspective Setting Sequence of events Theme Sample student essay   9. Writing to Explain Topic Thesis Strategies Organization Neutral perspective Sample student essay   10. Arguing and Persuading Elements of argument Issue Analysis Position Argument (Argument strategies?) Organization Sample student essay   11. Writing about Literature Interpretive essays Exploring texts Interpretive communities Interpretations Different literary genres Sample student essay   12. Writing Creative Nonfiction Lists Snapshots Playful sentences Repetition/refrain Double voice         13. Writing Essay Examinations Understanding questions Writing good answers     PART 4 — REVISING  [RENUMBER]   14. The Revising Process Understanding revising Planning Asking questions Revising strategies   15. Focused Revising Limiting Adding Switching Transforming Experimenting   16. Responding to Writing & Peer Review Asking for help Giving responses Writing responses Through conferences In writing groups   PART 5 — PRESENTING & PUBLISHING   17. Designing Documents Objectives of design Layout Typography Graphics Illustrations   18. Writing for the Internet a.       Writing for the Web b.      E-mail, newsgroups, instant messages c.       Weblogs   19. Writing for the World a.    Reports b.    Pamphlets & brochures c.    Newsletters d.    Press releases e.    Advocacy                 20. Portfolios and Publishing Class Books Writing portfolio Course portfolio Story portfolio Class books   21. Making Oral Presentations The assignment Speaking texts Speaking in public Creative options              PART 6 -- WRITING WITH Research   22. Writing Research Projects Understanding research Managing the process Working thesis Research log Using the writing process   23. Conducting Library Research Planning library research Finding sources of information Using electronic resources Reading sources critically Taking notes   24. Conducting Internet Research Search engines Limiting your search Search strategies E-mail, lists, and newsgroups   25. Conducting Field Research Planning Interviewing Surveying Observing   26. Evaluating Research Sources Reading sources critically Evaluating online sources   27. Working with Sources a.       Taking notes     b.       Controlling sources c.       Organizing sources d.       Synthesizing information e.       Integrating information   28. Avoiding Plagiarism a.       What plagiarism is b.       What plagiarism is not c.       Recognizing and avoiding plagiarism       PART 7 — DOCUMENTATION ACROSS THE CURRICULUM   29 Understanding the College Curriculum Differences among disciplines Similarities among disciplines   30. MLA: Writing in the Literature and Languages Aims Style Writing about texts Research papers MLA Style: Documenting sources MLA directory for in-text citations MLA directory of works cited  MLA conventions for in-text citations MLA conventions for endnotes and footnotes MLA conventions for works cited Sample MLA research paper   31 APA: Writing in the Social Sciences a.       Aims b.       Style c.       Research reports d.       Reviews e.       APA style: Documenting sources f.        APA directory for in-text citations g.       APA directory for the reference list  h.       APA conventions for in-text citations i.         APA conventions for footnotes j.         APA conventions for the reference list  k.       Sample APA research paper   32. CMS: Writing in the Humanities Aims Style CM Style: Documenting sources CMS conventions for in-text citations CMS conventions for positioning notes and bibliography CMS conventions for endnote and footnote format CMS directory for documentation guidelines Sample CMS page with endnotes Sample CMS page with footnotes     33. CSE: Writing in the Physical Sciences Aims Style Lab Reports CSE Style: Documenting sources CSE name-year style Conventions for in-text citations Conventions for reference lists CSE number style Conventions for in-text citations ?? Conventions for reference lists   34. Writing in Business a.       Aims b.       Style c.       Memos d.       Letters e.       Resumes   PART 8 — THE EDITING  PROCESS   35. The Editing Process Editing techniques The meaning of “error” Working with others Editing on a computer When English is your second language Using Part 8   36. Shaping Paragraphs Unity Organization Coherence   37. Improving Openings and Conclusions Engaging openings Strong openings Satisfying conclusions Strong conclusions   38. Strengthening Sentence Structure Coordination Subordination Effective coordination, subordination Eliminating choppiness Using parallelism Effective parallelism   39. Creating Emphasis and Variety First and final positions Sentence length Sentence types Sentence openings Deliberate repetition Elliptical constructions   40.  Building vital sentences a.       Concrete, specific nouns b.       Strong verbs c.       Active or passive voice d.       Vital modifiers   41. Being Concise Vague generalities Idle words Grammatical constructions Redundancy Pretentious language Euphemism   42. Adjusting Tone Appropriate tone Point of view Level of formality Consistent tone   43. Choosing the Right Word The history of English Dictionary, thesaurus Your vocabulary Connotations Confusing words Prepositions, particles Slang, regionalisms, jargon Figurative language Clichés   44. Eliminating Biased Language Stereotypes Labels Nonsexist language       PART 9 -- EDITING FOR GRAMMAR   45. Eliminating Sentence Fragments Lacking subjects, verbs Dependent clause fragments For special effects     46. Fixing Fused Sentences and Comma Splices Comma and coordinating conjunction Semicolon Colon Separate sentences Subordinating one clause Creating independent clauses   47. Using Verbs Correctly VERB FORMS: a.       Understanding forms b.       Standard verb forms c.       Auxiliary verbs VERB TENSE: d.       Understanding tense e.       Appropriate sequence VERB MOOD: f.        Understanding mood g.       Subjunctive mood SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT: h.       Agreement i.         Intervening words j.         Subject following verb k.       Linking verbs l.         And m.     Or, nor n.       Collective nouns o.       Indefinite pronouns p.       Who, which, that q.       Amounts r.        Noun phrases and clauses s.       Titles, words used as words t.        Subjects ending in —s u.       Troublesome plurals   48. Using Modifiers Correctly Adjectives or adverbs After linking verbs Confusing modifiers Double negatives With comparatives, superlatives Placing modifiers Dangling modifiers Disruptive modifiers 49. Using Pronouns Correctly PRONOUN REFERENCE a.       Clear antecedents b.       Explicit antecedents c.       It, they, you d.       Who, which, that e.       Unneeded pronouns PRONOUN-ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT f.        Agreement g.       Joined by and h.       Joined by or, nor i.         Collective nouns j.         Indefinite antecedents PRONOUN CASE k.       Choosing case l.         And, or, nor m.     Appositive pronouns n.       Us, we o.       Verbals p.       Than, as q.       Who, whom r.        Reflexive pronouns   50. Consistent and Complete Sentences Unnecessary shifts Mixed constructions Missing words     PART 10 -- EDITING PUNCTUATION   51. End Punctuation a.       Periods b.       Question marks c.       Exclamation points   52. Commas Coordinating conjunctions Introductory elements Nonrestrictive elements Parenthetical expressions, elements of contrast Tag sentences, direct address, interjections Items in a series, coordinate adjectives Quotations Numbers, dates, names, places, addresses To prevent misreading Misuse 53. Semicolons a.       Independent clauses b.       In a series   54. Colons Marks of introduction Marks of separation   55. Apostrophes Possessive nouns, indefinite pronouns Plurals of words as words, letters, numbers, symbols Omission of letters   56. Quotation Marks Direct quotations Dialogue Titles Translations, special terms, irony, nicknames With other punctuation   57. Other Punctuation Parentheses Dashes Ellipsis points Brackets Slashes   PART 11 -- EDITING MECHANICS   58. Spelling Confusing words Spelling rules   59. Capitalization First word of sentence Quotations, lines of poetry Proper nouns Titles   60. Hyphenation Ends of lines Prefixes Compound words Numbers, fractions, units of measure           61. Italics Titles Individual trains, ships, airplanes, spacecraft For emphasis Words, numerals, letters used as words Foreign words   62. Numbers and Abbreviations Figures, words Conventional uses In nontechnical texts Titles, degrees Time, dates, amounts, symbols Geographic names Latin terms Initials, acronyms     PART 12 - GLOSSARIES   63. Glossary of Terms   64. Glossary of Usage     ESL INDEX INDEX