Bridging the Early Modern Atlantic World brings together ten original essays by an international group of scholars exploring the complex outcomes of the intermingling of people, circulation of goods, exchange of information, and exposure to new ideas that are the hallmark of the early modern Atlantic. Spanning the period from the earliest French crossings to Newfoundland at the beginning of the sixteenth century to the end of the wars of independence in Spanish South America, c. 1830, and encompassing a range of disciplinary approaches, the contributors direct particular attention to regions, communities, and groups whose activities in, and responses to, an ever-more closely bound Atlantic world remain relatively under-represented in the literature. Some of the chapters focus on the experience of Europeans, including French consumers of Newfoundland cod, English merchants forming families in Spanish Seville, and Jewish refugees from Dutch Brazil making the Caribbean island of Nevis their home. Others focus on the ways in which the populations with whom Europeans came into contact, enslaved, or among whom they settled - the Tupi peoples of Brazil, the Kriston women of the west African port of Cacheu, among others - adapted to and were changed by their interactions with previously unknown peoples, goods, institutions, and ideas. Together with the substantial Introduction by the editor which reviews the significance of the field as a whole, these essays capture the complexity and variety of experience of the countless men and women who came into contact during the period, whilst highlighting and illustrating the porous and fluid nature, in practice, of the early modern Atlantic world.

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Introduction Bridging the Early Modern Atlantic World, Caroline A. Williams; Chapter 1 1I am very grateful to the conference organizers, Caroline Williams and Mark Horton, for inviting me and for giving the opportunity to present a first version of this article at the conference for discussion. I would like to thank Catherine Briand, Evan Jones, Michael Braddick, and Anthony McFarlane for their very helpful comments and suggestions. I would also like to thank Carla Zecher, Director of the Renaissance Studies Center at the Newberry Library (Chicago), for helping me translate the original text from French to English as well as for her assistance in refining the ideas and the language of the text. Much of the research for this article was generously funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the Fonds québécois de recherche pour la société et la culture. I revised the text for publication while I was William Lyon Mackenzie King Visiting Professor in Canadian Studies at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, and at the History Department of Harvard University. I would like to acknowledge their generous and stimulating support., Laurier Turgeon; Chapter 2 Negotiating Fortune: English Merchants in Early Sixteenth-Century Seville, Heather Dalton; Chapter 3 Interlopers in an Intercultural Zone? Early Scots Ventures in the Atlantic World, 1630–1660, Douglas Catterall; Chapter 4 ‘A People So Subtle’: Sephardic Jewish Pioneers of the English West Indies, Natalie Zacek; Chapter 5 Subjects or Allies: The Contentious Status of the Tupi Indians in Dutch Brazil, 1625–1654, Mark Meuwese; Chapter 6 ‘To Transmit to Posterity the Virtue, Lustre and Glory of their Ancestors’: Scottish Pioneers in Darien, Panama, Mark Horton; Chapter 7 1 The archaeological research at Savi and Ouidah lying at heart of this chapter has been encouraged by Professors Merrick Posnansky (UCLA) and Alexis Adandé (Université Nationale du Benin), and aided by numerous