We are in the midst of a fundamental re-evaluation of the desired relation of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples to each other, and of how the former are to be institutionally and constitutionally accommodated within Canada. Words matter. How we think about where we are and about the future goal of our relationship can confine us in an intellectual prison or liberate us from choices we will otherwise regret. In Citizens Plus, Alan Cairns unravels the historical record to clarify the current impasse in negotiations between Aboriginal peoples and the state. He considers the assimilationist policy assumptions of the imperial era, examines more recent government initiatives, and analyzes the emergence of the nation-to-nation paradigm given massive support by the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. We are battered by contending visions, he argues – a revised assimilation policy that finds its support in the Canadian Alliance Party is countered by the nation-to-nation vision, which frames our future as coexisting solitudes. Citizens Plus stakes out a middle ground with its support for constitutional and institutional arrangements which will simultaneously recognize Aboriginal difference and reinforce a solidarity which binds us together in common citizenship. Essential reading for those in political science, history, Native studies, public administration, and law, Citizens Plus will also appeal to the general public interested in one of the most important and complex issues on our agenda. Selected as a BC Book for Everybody

Table of Contents:
Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Empire The Complex Problem of "Voice" History and Humility Empire at Home and Abroad The Cultural Terrain over which the Battle Is Fought How Did We Get to Where We Are? Conclusion 2. Assimilation Basic Assimilation Policy The 1969 White Paper Academic and Political Support Aboriginal Support Paternalism and the Culture of Leadership Significance of White Paper Defeat Preliminary Remarks Cross-currents Conclusion 3. Choice A Time of Transition The Influence of the Past The Requirements of Good Aboriginal Constitutional Policy Assimilation versus Parallelism: Warring Paradigms How We See Ourselves: The Discourse of Contrast An Alternative Vision: A Modernizing Aboriginality A Basis for Living Apart and Together Self-Government as an Exit Option Conclusion 4. The Constitutional Vision of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples A Many-Splendoured but Problematic Report The Constitutional Vision of RCAP Relative Neglect of the Urban Dimension Ancestry versus Identity Cultural Survival versus Economic Opportunity The Centrality of Nation The Nation-to-Nation Approach A Third Order of Aboriginal Government Law, Not Politics Representation at the Centre Conclusion 5. The Choice Revisited An Early Vision: Citizens Plus Aboriginal Rights and Aboriginal Nations The Opening Up of the Debate Academic Activism and Legal Scholarship Land Claims, Treaty Negotiations, Self-Government, and Citizenship Political Science and "What Will Hold Us Together?" Interdependence and Other Realities An Outward-Looking Aboriginality Empathy and Citizenship Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index