The proposed book will describe the link between governance approaches and adaptation to climate change. In line with related policies, adaptation is analyzed from a perspective of organizing, administering and installing instruments and forms of governance. In this respect, formal aspects like laws and amendments are as well considered as informal aspects in line with communication and transfer of (local) knowledge. The book starts with an introduction on climate change scenarios for the Baltic Sea Region on a general level. Specific impacts are as well introduced as related time horizons when changes of the climate are about to occur. Then the state of the art of main theoretic knowledge concerning governance will be introduced that is relevant for the understanding of the topic. In this respect, the multisided term governance is explained and concluded to a general understanding. Approaches of regional -, urban- and environmental governance as well as risk governance are taken into account. Also aspects of policy transfer are described in this first part. The applied part of the book focuses on various approaches of Climate Adaptation Governance within the case studies of the BaltCICA project and other case-areas which are affected by climate change impacts in coastal regions. The aim of the external contributions is to describe and analyze other approaches of Climate Adaptation Governance than those of the Baltic Sea Region. This will enrich the scientific and practical discussion, furthermore it raises the demand for the book also beyond Europe. Against the background of conceptualized and implemented technical adaptation measures that are described in the sister-volume of this book (which is edited by Philipp Schmidt-Thome) each case study includes the design and experiences of a communication process in order to support decision making processes concerning adaption. Several experts from the BaltCICA network are involved to discuss aspects of governance and how to use them to display climate adaptation. They present their outcomes with local examples and analyzes of climate adaptation governance. To be precise, different instruments with different characters, demands and outcomes have been analyzed and tested in several case studies of the BaltCICA project. Each case study which has tested instruments to push forward adaptation measures (e.g. informal strategies, formal planning processes on the urban or regional scale, scenarios, scenario workshops, further participation tools) will present their outcomes and how climate change impact information and local knowledge was brought to decision making. In this respect, also aspects of cost- benefit approaches are outlined, which are essential when it comes to convince politicians. The different governance approaches of all involved countries and regions will be described and analyzed, including a wide range of steering instruments. Adaptation is however not only seen as a matter of implementing public policies through hierarchical government structures. For instance, if increasing awareness of long-term climate impacts translates into higher demand for adapted buildings, the market could potentially promote adaptation through the price mechanism. And complex adaptation problems that involve private as well as public actors across a range of sectors and levels of government may require new co-ordination mechanisms, such as networks. The last chapter of the book displays outcomes and follow-ups of how Climate Adaption Governance can succeed and bring forward adaptation processes, but also which restrictions have to be considered. The contributions in this chapter outline how the described approaches can be used in practice and what still has to be advanced in academia and practice. By including a contribution about the conceptual framework used within the BaltCICA project, a critical reflection of the case studies is given. The conceptual framework was 'developed to create comparability among the cases and to be able to deliberate about improvements and to reduce obstacles of climate adaptation governance.

Table of Contents:
List of contributors, ix 1 Climate adaptation governance in cities and regions: framework conditions, theoretical concepts and research questions 1 Jorg Knieling and Katharina Klindworth Part 1: Theoretical basis 2 Applying social resilience concepts and indicators to support climate adaptation in tropical North Queensland, Australia 23 Allan Patrick Dale, Karen Vella, Ruth Potts, Bronwyn Voyce, Bob Stevenson, Alison Cottrell, David King, Hurriyet Babacan, Helen Boon, Margaret Gooch and Petina Pert 3 Spatial planning to promote urban resilience in coping with climate change and flooding: exploring two cases in Kaohsiung, Taiwan 45 Peiwen Lu 4 Adaptation to climate change and participatory action research (PAR): lessons from municipalities in Quebec, Canada 69 Steve Plante, Liette Vasseur and Charlotte DaCunha 5 Generating narratives on future risk to inform regional climate change adaptation planning 89 Douglas K. Bardsley, Nathanael D. Wiseman and Graeme J. Hugo 6 Advancing climate change adaptation and climate risk understanding through intervention research: case studies from Brazil and Australia 113 Silvia Serrao-Neumann, Gabriela Marques Di Giulio, Lucia Costa Ferreira and Darryl Low Choy 7 Climate adaptation and the significance of different modes of local political leadership: views of Swedish local political leaders 131 Mattias Hjerpe and Sofie Storbjork Part 2: Hierarchical forms of coordination 8 Regulating climate change adaptation, the case of surface water 155 Trude Rauken 9 Climate adaptation governance theory, concepts, and praxis in cities and regions. The role of climate and water governance in supporting climate change adaptation processes 171 Walter Leal Filho, Margot A. Hurlbert and Harry Diaz 10 Climate problem and territorial governance: an overview of adaptation initiatives at the French regional level 191 Francois Bertrand, Elsa Richard and Corinne Larrue 11 Regional rescaling in adaptation governance: from agency to collaborative control in flood management in England? 209 Irene Lorenzoni, David Benson and Hadrian Cook 12 From case studies to policy-making: adapting to climate change in Lithuania 223 Justas Ka?ys, Egidijus Rimkus and Julija Naujekaite 13 The rise and fall of climate adaptation governance on the Gold Coast, Australia 237 Michael Howes and Aysin Dedekorkut-Howes 14 Climate change adaptation in private real estate development: essential concepts about development for feasible research, regulation and governance 251 Eddo Coiacetto 15 Pro-poor climate change adaptation in Zambia 267 Danny Simatele Part 3: Informal and corporative forms of coordination 16 Climate change adaptation through hierarchies and networks in the city of Bergen 287 Marte Winsvold, Kari Johanne Hjeltnes, Jan Erling Klausen and Ove Langeland 17 Influence of citizens and stakeholders in shaping adaptation policy opportunities and barriers 305 Soren Gram, Bjorn Bedsted and Andreas Hastrup Clemmensen 18 Public participation in the governance of metropolitan scale climate adaptation: panacea or problem? 317 Paul Burton and Johanna Nalau 19 Governance for (climate) change in American "Legacy" cities: a case study of Cleveland 333 Sanda Kaufman 20 Governance of climate change adaptation on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) 355 Ilan Kelman 21 Adaptation in small coastal towns in Australia 371 Janet Stanley 22 Transnational learning for climate change adaptation in the Baltic Sea Region 389 Stefanie Lange Scherbenske and Lisa Van Well Part 4: Findings of Climate Change Adaptation in Cities and Regions 23 Climate adaptation governance in cities and regions between hierarchical steering and network cooperation: findings from theoretical considerations and international practice 405 Jorg Knieling and Katharina Klindworth Index, 421