The Concrete Solutions series of International Conferences on Concrete Repair began in 2003 with a conference held in St. Malo, France in association with INSA Rennes. Subsequent conferences have seen us partnering with the University of Padua in 2009 and with TU Dresden in 2011. This conference is being held for the first time in the UK, in association with Queen’s University Belfast and brings together delegates from 36 countries to discuss the latest advances and technologies in concrete repair.

Earlier conferences were dominated by electrochemical repair, but there has been an interesting shift to more unusual methods, such as bacterial repair of concrete plus an increased focus on service life design aspects and modelling, with debate and discussion on the best techniques and the validity of existing methods. Repair of heritage structures is also growing in importance and a number of the papers have focused on the importance of getting this right, so that we may preserve our rich cultural heritage of historic structures.

This book is an essential reference work for those working in the concrete repair field, from Engineers to Architects and from Students to Clients.

Preface
About the editors

Keynote papers

Design for concrete durability: From deemed-to-satisfy to dreamed-to-satisfy
J. Gulikers

Turkey’s grand challenge: Disaster-proof building inventory within 20 years
O. Gunes

Managing post-tensioned bridges – better than before
D. Pearson-Kirk

Patch and crack repair

Two-stage concrete as a repair method
H.S. Abdelgader & A.S. El-Baden

Self-healing behavior of concrete cracks
C. Baer˘a, H. Szilagyi, M. P˘astrav & A. Mircea

Concrete repair bond: Evaluation and factors of influence
B. Bissonnette, L. Courard, A. Garbacz, A.M. Vaysburd & K.F. von Fay

Ureolysis and denitrification based microbial strategies for self-healing concrete
Y.C. Ersan, J.Y.Wang, N. Boon & N. De Belie

Self-healing of dynamic concrete cracks using polymer precursors as encapsulated healing agents
J. Feiteira, E. Gruyaert & N. De Belie

Patch repair: Compatibility issues
A. Garbacz, L. Courard, B. Bissonnette,W. Głodkowska & A. Vaysburd

Properties of alkali-activated fly ash/slag repair mortars
N. Ghafoori & M. Najimi

Corrosion behavior of steel bars in reinforced concrete slabs repaired by partial patching
E. Kato, Y. Kawabata & M. Iwanami

Formulation of a repair mortar based on dune sand and natural microfibers
B. Krobba, M. Bouhicha, A. Zaidi & M.F. Lakhdari

Alternative repair system for concrete using microencapsulated healing agents
C. Litina, A. Kanellopoulos & A. Al-Tabbaa

Towards cost efficient bacteria based self-healing marine concrete
D. Palin, V.Wiktor & H.M. Jonkers

A proposal on repair methods for freeze-thaw damaged concrete with least re-deterioration
A. Satoh, K. Shinya, K. Tashiro & K. Rokugo

Self-compacting repair mortars according to BS EN 1504-3
N. Strompinis, K.K. Sideris, V.-Z. Douros, I. Vitsios & I. Zervos

Can self-repair of concrete cracks help to obtain durable concrete?
K. Van Tittelboom, M. Maes & N. De Belie

Influencing factors affecting microbial metabolic processes of bio materials used for leakage repairs
I. Ujike, F. Kubo, K. Kawaai & S. Okazaki

Field performance of bacteria-based repair system: Pilot study in a parking garage
V.Wiktor & H.M. Jonkers

Study on the preparation of polymer modified mortar and its application on the rapid repair of a ballastless track
Z. Yi, H. Li, Y. Tan, H. Jin & Y. Xie

Electrochemical repair

Field experience of remote monitored and controlled CP systems
C. Atkins, R. Brueckner, P. Lambert & M. Bennett

The impact of the interruption of impressed current cathodic protection on the steel/concrete interface
S. Bhuiyan, D. Law & T. Molyneux

Cathodic protection for the remediation of swimming pools
R. Brueckner, D. Wright, C. Atkins & P. Lambert

Site performance of galvanic anodes in concrete repairs
C. Christodoulou, C.I. Goodier & S.A. Austin

Anode performance: The use of ballasted mixed metal oxide coated titanium anodes in impressed current systems installed within historic steel frame masonry clad structures
P. Chess, G. Crevello & P. Noyce

Cathodic protection of steel in concrete – experiences on parking garages in Germany
H. Esteves, S. Mayer & R. Stöcklein

Issues using potential decay techniques to assess a cathodic protection system of steel in concrete caused by macrocell corrosion
R. Giorgini

Numerical simulation of the current and potential distribution of surface applied CP-anode systems
C. Helm & M. Raupach

A novel assessment of the electrochemical lithium impregnation treatment used to mitigate alkali-silica reaction in concrete
J. Lizarazo-Marriaga, J. Lozano, J. Silva, L. Fonseca, G. Hermida & P. Claisse

Experience and recent innovations in cathodic protection of steel in concrete
R.B. Polder & W.H.A. Peelen

Durability aspects of electrochemical realkalisation treatment
E. Redaelli & L. Bertolini

Maintenance and repair of steel reinforced concrete structures by simultaneous galvanic corrosion protection and chloride extraction
W. Schwarz, F. Müllner & A. van den Hondel

Extending residual service life of steel reinforced structures by the use of galvanic anodes
G. Sergi & A.M.G. Seneviratne

Study on lithium migration for electrochemical treatment of concrete affected by alkali-silica reaction
L.M.S. Souza, O. Çopuroglu & R.B. Polder

Evaluation of electrochemical repair effects using near-infrared spectroscopic technique
T. Ueda, Y. Hamada, M. Kohri & A. Nanasawa

Strengthening materials and techniques/Repair with composites

State-of-the-art review on FRP strengthened concrete columns
K. Abdelrahman & R. El-Hacha

Strengthening of concrete ground floors in industrial halls – a case study 261
G. Dmochowski & P. Berkowski

Experimental evaluation of RC beams defected in both concrete strength and steel reinforcement and retrofitted by fiber reinforced polymers
T.M. Elrakib

Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with prestressed externally bonded CFRP sheets
M. Hadiseraji & R. El-Hacha

Experimental study concerning the material behavior of CFRP confined plain and reinforced concrete
K. Holschemacher & S. Käseberg

Proposal of a material model for FRP confined, circular, short concrete columns with and without internal reinforcement
S. Kaeseberg & K. Holschemacher

Behaviour of ferrocement jacketed cylindrical concrete specimens under compression
A.B.M.A. Kaish, M. Jamil, S.N. Raman & M.F.M. Zain

Strains in CFRP – strengthened reinforced concrete beams
M. Kaminski & E. Kusa

Rehabilitation of concrete beams pre-failed in shear using near-surface-mounted composite strips
T.A. El-Maaddawy

Flexural strengthening for R.C. beams using CFRP sheets with different bonding schemes
A.M. Morsy, K.M. Helmy, N.H. El-Ashkar & M. Nada

Nonlinear finite element modeling of reinforced concrete beams in shear – strengthened with near surface mounted laminates
A.M. Morsy, N.H. El-Ashkar & I.S. Mattar

Ductility of FRP reinforced RC structures: A critical review of definition and expressions
F. Oudah & R. El-Hacha

Cracking in polymer concrete pipes-comparison of exact events in a pipe jacking project and numerical 3D modeling analyses
K. Pakiman, A. Jenabi, P.S. Sanjari & B. Mohammadi

Effect of thermal cycling on the behaviour of CFRP-to-concrete joints
D. Petkova, T. Donchev & A. Jawad

Retrofitting of RC panels subjected to blast effects using elastomeric polymer coatings
S.N. Raman, M. Jamil, T. Ngo, P. Mendis & T. Pham

Modeling of continuous composite girders partially reinforced with CFRP
A. Sharif & M. Samaaneh

Experimental study on shear strengthening of R.C. beams using FRP repair techniques
M.S. Tughar

Response of 4×4 bays, 15 storey RC building frames with and without external steel bracings and internal steel bracings
A.S.V. Venkatesh, B.M.R. Apoorva & C.G. Narayana

Surface protection methods and materials

Performance of silane impregnants for the protection of reinforced concrete
C. Christodoulou, H. Tiplady, C.I. Goodier & S.A. Austin

Effect of silicate-based surface penetrant on concrete durability
Y. Kato & N. Someya

Hybrid surface protection repair system using UHP-SHCC for concrete structures – from design to application
M. Kunieda

The impact of curing compounds on the leaching from concrete
D.W. Law & S. Setunge

Determination of chloride ion diffusion coefficient in outer layer of concrete with silicate-type surface penetrant
S. Miyazato & D. Kuroiwa

Performance of concretes with surface treatment based on silicate solutions (liquid glass)
S. Monosi & M.L. Ruello

Design of a cementitious coating system for corrosion protection: Phase 1 binder materials selection
G. Nery, H. Hüsken & H.-C. Kühne

Microstructural and permeability changes due to accelerated Ca leaching in ammonium nitrate solution
Q.T. Phung, N. Maes, D. Jacques, G. De Schutter & G. Ye

Efficiency of materials used for repair measures of concrete structures exposed to chlorides
A. Rahimi, T. Reschke, A.Westendarp & C. Gehlen

Fundamental research on the carbonation control effect by coating materials
M. Sugiyama

Development and use of flowable calcium aluminate mortars in sewer environments
C.J.Weale & D.P. Ferguson

The application of modified hydrotalcites as chloride scavengers and inhibitor release agents in cement mortars
Z. Yang, H. Fischer & R. Polder

Repair of fire damage

Effects of Micromist fire extinguishing on the residual strength of heated and cooled concrete
T. Donchev, S. Dembele, D. Petkova &A. Lawrence

Fire damage evaluation and repairs for reinforced concrete turbine table top foundation, Durango, Mexico
A. Garduno & F. Ballhausen

Evaluation and repair of fire damage to the concrete structures of a high-rise building
C.-M. Zhai, Y.-F. Guo, Y. Lou &Y. Lu

Behaviour of High Strength Concrete (HSC) under high temperatures
H. Kew, T. Donchev, D. Petkova & I. Iliadis

Evaluation of geopolymer concrete for repair of rocket test facility flame deflectors
C. Montes, D. Allgood, E. Allouche, R. Islam & I. Tham

NDT and diagnosis of problems

Combination of NDT techniques for studying external repair patches in concrete
D.G. Aggelis, S. Verbruggen, E. Tsangouri, T. Tysmans & D. Van Hemelrijck

Determining bond strength of repair coatings on deformable substrates
D. Corbett

Prioritizing repairs to reinforced concrete water storage elevated tanks regarding seismic risk
H. Hammoum, K. Bouzelha & D. Slimani

Estimation of the main factors influencing potential mapping
S. Kessler & C. Gehlen

Freeze-thaw resistance testing of concrete railway sleepers
A. Köliö, T. Rantala, J. Lahdensivu & A. Nurmikolu

Importance of proper site evaluation and sample selection in non-destructive testing
M. Lim & P. Siwek

Diagnosis methodology in concrete structures reinforced with braided cable
A. Lozano, J.J. Del Coz, F. Alvarez & M. Alonso

Corrosion of steel in cracked concrete: A microscale study
J. Pacheco, B. Šavija, E. Schlangen & R.B. Polder

Lock-in thermography approach to discriminate surface preparation in CFRP reinforced concrete
M.M. Rahman, H. Hamza & D.A. Chamberlain

Stress wave velocity tests in early-stage of concrete piles
J. Rybak

Instant and solid corrosion diagnosis on reinforced concrete structures with galvanostatic pulse measurement
U. Schneck

Ultrasonic non-destructive testing techniques for diagnosing concrete damage
A.A. Shah, S.-U.R. Rehman &A. Naseer

Suitability of embedded RFID-sensors for concrete bridge structures
M. Stoppel & A. Fakhouri

Detection of chloride and carbonation induced corrosion in reinforced concrete structures using piezo sensors via electro-mechanical impedance technique
T. Visalakshi, S. Bhalla &A. Gupta

Monitoring the development of microcracks in reinforced concrete caused by sustained loading and chloride induced corrosion
J.Wang, P.A.M. Basheer, S.V. Nanukuttan & Y. Bai

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) – alternative to wet chemistry and micro-XRF
G.Wilsch, T. Eichler, S. Millar & D. Schaurich

Repair and preservation of heritage structures, roman cement Wotruba Church and Cologne Opera: Aspects of concrete aging
M. Ban

Corrosion condition evaluations of historic concrete icons
G. Crevello, N. Hudson & P. Noyce

The role of material microstructure in the durability of historic buildings
A.J. Klemm & D.E.Wiggins

Realkalisation of a late 19th century bridge
E. Marie-Victoire, M. Bouichou, V. Bouteiller & Y.Y. Tong

Comparative analysis of the Transylvanian Jesuit churches from the XVIIIth century
C.G.R. Mircea & G. Orbán

Service life modelling

Study on autogenous shrinkage stress considering dependence on temperature in early age
J.-I. Arai, T. Ajichi & T. Mizobuchi

Durability of fly ash concrete exposed to slow freeze-thaw cycles
A. Badr

Correlation research on the electrical resistivity of concrete and its other electrical properties
H. Li, L. Yang, Z. Yi, Y. Tan & Y. Xie

Effect of internal cracking on mass transfer resistance of cover concrete
S. Okazaki, M. Kurumatani, I. Ujike & N. Takamoto

Study on effects of distribution of chloride ions by differences of pore structure with various conditions
R. Takatoku &T. Mizobuchi

Case studies

Examples of concrete structural elements in early 20th century buildings in Wrocław (Poland) – case studies
P. Berkowski & G. Dmochowski

Repair of a reinforced concrete tower tank for water
C. Bywalski, M. Kaminski & M. Maszczak

Maintenance and preservation of the Royal National Theatre, London
S. Douglas

Natural draft cooling towers with flue gas inlet
H. Eisenkrein & C. Kotz-Pollkläsener

The strengthening and repair of the pierhead at Gorey in the Channel Island of Jersey
S. Hold

Technical diagnosis and recommendations for repair of RC tanks for water and liquid waste
M. Kosior-Kazberuk & P. Berkowski

Investigation of distress in a post-tensioned slab
D.Wimpenny & R. Norwood-Grundy

The current situation of concrete crash barrier walls on the city bridges of Harbin and the design concept of new fabricated protective plates
W. Xiangguo, Q. Jinkai, L. Sha & Z. Ruofei

Insitu strength assessment

Improved artificial neural network prediction of concrete strength based on non-destructive test results
O.V. Antonio & A. Jaurigue

Local concrete characterization assessment by the means of non-destructive tests (NDT) methods
L. Belagraa, A. Bouzid, N. Logzit, N. Badache & A. Belguendouz

Concrete strength evaluation through indirect UPV
S. Biondi, C. Valente & L. Zuccarino

Assessment of insitu structural capacity of aged buildings
S.T. Chan, D.K.C. Chung, B.L.K. Au & S.T.K. Ng

Evaluation of the mechanical integrity of a concrete surface by means of combined destructive methods
L. Courard, B. Bissonnette, A. Vaysburd & A. Garbacz

Structural modelling/finite element analysis

Damage model for the analysis of structural response of RC columns subjected to corrosion phenomena
I. Finozzi & A. Saetta

Mechanical properties of corroded rebar in deteriorated reinforced concrete members
Y. Kitsutaka, Y. Uchida & K. Matsuzawa

Effect of corrosion cracks in the compression zone on the bending performance of deteriorated RC members
M. Oyado, T. Kanakubo & A. Yasojima

Author index