Any structural system in service is subject to age-related deterioration, leading to potential concerns regarding maintenance, health & safety, environmental and economic implications. Condition Assessment of Aged Structures is an invaluable, single source of information on structural assessment techniques for marine and land-based structures such as ships, offshore installations, industrial plant and buildings. Topics covered include:

- Current practices and standards for structural condition assessment
- Fundamental mechanisms and advanced mathematical methods for predicting structural deterioration
- Residual strength assessment of deteriorated structures
- Inspection and maintenance of aged structures
- Reliability and risk assessment of aged structures

Professionals from a broad range of disciplines will be able to gain a better understanding of current practices in the field, how to apply the latest advanced design and development technologies in condition assessment, and what future trends might be.

PART 1. CURRENT PRACTICES

Current Practices in Condition Assessment of Aged Ships and Floating Offshore Structures, G Wang, C Serratella and S Kalghatgi, American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), USA

Introduction

International association of classification societies (IACS) and vessel inspections by classification societies

International maritime organization (IMO), flag and port states

Industry self-regulation and voluntary inspections

Design, maintenance, inspection and repair of ship structures

Design, maintenance, inspection and repair of floating offshore structures

Nondestructive examination and monitoring

Challenges and future trends

Sources of further information and advice

Acknowledgement

References

Appendix: abbreviations used in this chapter

Current Practices in Condition Assessment of Aged Fixed-Type Offshore Structures, I Lotsberg, Det Norske Veritas (DNV), Norway

Introduction

Design standards and acceptance criteria for assessment

Process for structural assessment

Collection of data from design, fabrication, transportation, installation and from in-service life

Assessment of data and structural analyses

Mitigation

Future trends

Sources for further information and advice

References

Definition and Assessment of Deficiencies in Building Construction, A van Grieken, Connell Wagner Pty Ltd, Australia

Historical perspective

History of global construction developments

The Australian experience

The benefit of the historical perspective

General causes of deficiencies

The three types of deficiencies: deterioration, defect and damage

Assessment of deficiencies

References

PART 2. MECHANISMS, MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR AGE RELATED DETERIORATION

Corrosion Wastage in Aged Structures, R E Melchers, The University of Newcastle, Australia

Introduction

Some fundamental corrosion principles

A model based on fundamentals

Environmental and other influences

Variability and probabilistic models

Some other corrosion loss models

Coastal atmospheric corrosion

Inland atmospheric corrosion

Pitting corrosion

Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgement

References

Fatigue Cracking in Aged Structures, W C Cui, China Ship Scientific Research Center, China

Introduction

Historical overview of metal fatigue

Current understanding of fatigue mechanisms

Fatigue life prediction methods

Preventive measures of fatigue cracking

Conclusions

References

Local Denting and Other Deterioration in Aged Structures, N Yamamoto, Research Institute of Nippon Kaiji Kyokai, Japan

Introduction

Local deformed damage caused by mechanical external causes

Local deformed damage caused by corrosion

Conclusions

References

PART 3. RESIDUAL STRENGTH OF AGED STRUCTURES

Corroded Structures and Residual Strength, T Nakai and N Yamamoto, Research Institute of Nippon Kaiji Kyokai, Japan

Introduction

Probabilistic modeling of corrosion

Degradation of hull girder strength

Pitting corrosion

Equivalent thickness of plates with pitting corrosion

Conclusions

References

Cracked Structures and Residual Strength, F Wang and W C Cui, China Ship Scientific Research Center, China

Fundamentals of residual strength of cracked structures

Residual ultimate strength of cracked plates

Plates with a single crack under ultimate tensile loads

Plates with a single crack under ultimate compressive loads

Residual strength of plates with multiple collinear cracks

Random cracks

Ultimate strength of cracked stiffened panels

Ultimate strength of cracked ship hull girder

Conclusions

References

Dented Structures and Residual Strength, J K Paik, Pusan National University, Korea

Introduction

Mechanism of local denting damage

Residual ultimate strength characteristics of dented plates

Methods of damage detection and their uncertainties

Conclusions

References

PART 4. RELIABILITY OF AGED STRUCTURES

Reliability of Aged Ship Structures, Y Garbatov and C Guedes Soares, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal

Introduction

Time dependent hull section modulus subject to crack growth

Effect of corrosion on the hull section modulus

Time dependent section modulus of a hull with cracks and corrosion

Time dependent reliability of the ship hull girder

Modelling crack inspections and reliability

Modelling corrosion inspection and reliability

Time dependent reliability of ship hull subjected to fatigue and corrosion failure

Numerical example

Discussion and conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Reliability of Aged Offshore Structures, T Moan, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet (NTNU), Norway

Introduction

Current design practice for offshore structures

Inspection and maintenance of offshore structures

Concluding remarks on component design criteria

System failure criteria for offshore structures

General description of uncertainty modelling

Load effects on offshore structures

Structural reliability analysis

Fatigue reliability

System reliability

Updating variables in reliability analysis

Decision making during design and in service

Target safety level

Improving the reliability of offshore structures

Conclusions

References

Reliability of Aged Land-Based Structures, R E Melchers, The University of Newcastle, Australia

Introduction

Components in structural reliability

Outline of structural reliability theory

Structural systems reliability

General approach

Deteriorating structures

Conclusion

References

PART 5. INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

Inspection of Aged Ships and Offshore Structures, C M Rizzo, University of Genova, Italy

Reasons for inspections

The inspection event

Current inspection practices

Detection and sizing methods

Structural monitoring

Acknowledgement

References

Inspection of Aged Land-Based Structures, A van Grieken, Connell Wagner Pty Ltd, Australia

Introduction

Six reasons for assessment

Assessment outcome and sequence

Concrete structures

Masonry structures

Steel structures

References

Maintenance of Aged Ships and Offshore Structures, C M Rizzo, University of Genova, Italy

Maintenance strategies

Current maintenance and repair practices

Temporary repairs

Permanent repairs

Examination and testing of repairs

References

Maintenance of Aged Land-Based Structures, A van Grieken, Connell Wagner Pty Ltd, Australia

A structured approach

Key considerations

Documentation

Site phase of the works

Repair and protection of concrete structures

Brickgrowth repairs

Repair of metal structures

References

Risk-Based Inspection and Maintenance of Aged Structures, C Serratella, G Wang and K Tikka, American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), USA

Introduction

Risk based aapproaches

Fundamentals of risk based approaches

Risk based inspection (RBI)

Risk based maintenance (RBM)

Risk based repairs (RBR)

Future trends

References