With its sweeping, inclusive view of American history, Created Equal emphasizes social history—including the lives and labors of women, immigrants, working people, and minorities in all regions of the country—while delivering the familiar chronology of political and economic history. By integrating the stories of a variety of groups and individuals into the historical narrative, Created Equal helps connect the nation’s past with the student’s present.   Created Equal explores an expanding notion of equality and American identity—one that encompasses the stories of diverse groups of people, territorial growth and expansion, the rise of the middle class, technological innovation and economic development, and engagement with other nations and peoples of the world.

Table of Contents:
Detailed Contents Maps   Figures and Tables   Features    Preface   Supplements   Meet the Authors A Conversation with the Authors   Acknowledgments     Part One. North American Founders 1. First Founders Ancient America   The Question of Origins The Archaic World The Rise of Maize Agriculture  A Thousand Years of Change: 500 to 1500     Valleys of the Sun: The Mesoamerican Empires    The Anasazi: Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde    The Mississippians: Cahokia and Moundville    Linking the Continents    Oceanic Travel: The Norse and the Chinese    Portugal and the Beginnings of Globalization    Looking for the Indies: Da Gama and Columbus    In the Wake of Columbus: Competition and Exchange    Spain Enters the Americas    The Devastation of the Indies    The Spanish Conquest of the Aztec    Magellan and Cortés Prompt New Searches    Three New Views of North America    The Protestant Reformation Plays Out in America    Reformation and Counter-Reformation in Europe    Competing Powers Lay Claim to Florida    The Background of English Expansion    Lost Colony: The Roanoke Experience    Conclusion    Envisioning History The World as a Clover: Mapping for Art, Religion, or Science    The Wider World The Lateen Rig: A Triangular Sail That Helped to Conquer Oceans    Interpreting History “These Gods That We Worship Give Us Everything We Need”      2. European Footholds in North America, 1600–1660   Spain’s Ocean-Spanning Reach    Vizcaíno in California and Japan    Oñate Creates a Spanish Foothold in the Southwest    New Mexico Survives: New Flocks Among Old Pueblos    Conversion and Rebellion in Spanish Florida    France and Holland: Overseas Competition for Spain    The Founding of New France    Competing for the Beaver Trade    A Dutch Colony on the Hudson River    “All Sorts of Nationalities”: Diverse New Amsterdam    English Beginnings on the Atlantic Coast    The Virginia Company and Jamestown    “Starving Time” and Seeds of Representative Government    Launching the Plymouth Colony    The Puritan Experiment    Formation of the Massachusetts Bay Company    “We Shall Be as a City upon a Hill”    Dissenters: Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson    Expansion and Violence: The Pequot War    The Chesapeake Bay Colonies    The Demise of the Virginia Company    Maryland: The Catholic Refuge    The Dwellings of English Newcomers    The Lure of Tobacco    Conclusion    Envisioning History A Roof Overhead: Early Chesapeake Housing    The Wider World Freedom of the Seas: Grotius and Maritime Law    Interpreting History Anne Bradstreet: “The Tenth Muse, Lately Sprung Up in America”      3. Controlling the Edges of the Continent, 1660–1715   France and the American Interior    The Rise of the Sun King    Exploring the Mississippi Valley    King William’s War in the Northeast    Founding the Louisiana Colony    The Spanish Empire on the Defensive   The Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico    Navajo and Spanish on the Southwestern Frontier    Borderland Conflict in Texas and Florida    England’s American Empire Takes Shape    Monarchy Restored and Navigation Controlled    Fierce Anglo-Dutch Competition   The New Restoration Colonies    The Contrasting Worlds of Pennsylvania and Carolina    Bloodshed in the English Colonies: 1670–1690    Metacom’s War in New England    Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia    The “Glorious Revolution” in England    The “Glorious Revolution” in America    Consequences of War and Growth: 1690–1715    Salem’s Wartime Witch Hunt    The Uneven Costs of War    Storm Clouds in the South    Conclusion    Envisioning History La Salle’s Ship, the Belle, Is Raised from a Watery Grave    The Wider World William Dampier: The World Became His University    Interpreting History “Marry or do not marry”     Part Two. A Century of Colonial Expansion to 1775   4. African Enslavement: The Terrible Transformation   The Descent into Race Slavery    The Caribbean Precedent    Ominous Beginnings    Alternative Sources of Labor    The Fateful Transition    The Growth of Slave Labor Camps    Black Involvement in Bacon’s Rebellion   The Rise of a Slaveholding Tidewater Elite    Closing the Vicious Circle in the Chesapeake    England Enters the Atlantic Slave Trade    Trade Ties Between Europe and Africa    The Slave Trade on the African Coast    The Middle Passage Experience    Saltwater Slaves Arrive in America    Survival in a Strange New Land    African Rice Growers in South Carolina    Patterns of Resistance    A Wave of Rebellion    The Transformation Completed    Second Class Status in the North    Uncertain Voices of Dissent    Is This Consistent “with Christianity or Common Justice”?    Oglethorpe’s Antislavery Experiment    The End of Equality in Georgia    Conclusion    Envisioning History Drums and Banjos: African Sounds in English Colonies    The Wider World The Odyssey of Job Ben Solomon    Interpreting History “Releese Us out of This Cruell Bondegg”      5. An American Babel, 1713–1763   New Cultures on the Western Plains    The Spread of the Horse    The Rise of the Comanche    Creation of Comanchería on the Southern Plains    The Expansion of the Sioux    Britain’s Mainland Colonies: A New Abundance of People    Population Growth on the Home Front    “Packed Like Herrings”: Arrivals from Abroad    Non-English Newcomers in the British Colonies    The Varied Economic Landscape    Sources of Gain in Carolina and Georgia    Chesapeake Bay’s Tobacco Economy    New England Takes to the Sea    Economic Expansion in the Middle Colonies    Matters of Faith: The Great Awakening    Seeds of Religious Toleration    The Onset of the Great Awakening: Pietism and George Whitefield    “The Danger of an Unconverted Ministry”    The Consequences of the Great Awakening    The French Lose a North American Empire    Prospects and Problems Facing French Colonists    British Settlers Confront the Threat from France    An American Fight Becomes a Global Conflict    Quebec Taken and North America Refashioned    Conclusion    Envisioning History Putting Mary Jemison on a Pedestal    The Wider World Solving the Problem of Longitude   Interpreting History “Pastures Can Be Found Almost Everywhere”: Joshua von Kocherthal Recruits Germans to Carolina      6. The Limits of Imperial Control, 1763–1775   New Challenges to Spain’s Expanded Empire    Pacific Exploration, Hawaiian Contact    The Russians Lay Claim to Alaska    Spain Colonizes the California Coast    New Challenges to Britain’s Expanded Empire    Midwestern Lands and Pontiac’s War for Indian Independence    Grenville’s Effort at Reform    The Stamp Act Imposed    The Stamp Act Resisted    “The Unconquerable Rage of the People”    Power Corrupts: An English Framework for Revolution    Americans Practice Vigilance and Restraint    Rural Unrest: Tenant Farmers and Regulators    A Conspiracy of Corrupt Ministers?   The Townshend Duties    Virtuous Resistance: Boycotting British Goods    The Boston Massacre    The Gaspée Affair Prompts Committees of Correspondence    Launching a Revolution    The Tempest over Tea    The Intolerable Acts    From Words to Action    Conclusion    Envisioning History William Hogarth’s “The Times,” 1762    The Wider World “Farther than Any Other Man”: Cook’s Second Voyage    Interpreting History “Squeezed and Oppressed”: A 1768 Petition by 30 Regulators      Part Three. The Unfinished Revolution, 1775–1803   7. Revolutionaries at War, 1775–1783   “Things Are Now Come to That Crisis”    The Second Continental Congress Takes Control    “Liberty to Slaves”    The Struggle to Control Boston    Declaring Independence    “Time to Part”    The British Attack New York    “Victory or Death”: A Desperate Gamble Pays Off    The Struggle to Win French Support    Breakdown in British Planning    Saratoga Tips the Balance    Forging an Alliance with France    Legitimate States, a Respectable Military    The Articles of Confederation    Creating State Constitutions    Tensions in the Military Ranks    Shaping a Diverse Army    The War at Sea    The Long Road to Yorktown    Indian Warfare and Frontier Outposts    The Unpredictable War in the South    The Final Campaign    Winning the Peace    Conclusion    Envisioning History Benjamin Franklin: The Diplomat in a Beaver Hat The Wider World The Journey of Tom and Sally Peters    Interpreting History “Revoking Those Sacred Trusts Which Are Violated”: Proclaiming Independence in South Carolina, May 1776       8. New Beginnings: The 1780s   Beating Swords into Plowshares    Will the Army Seize Control?    The Society of the Cincinnati    Renaming the Landscape   An Independent Culture    Competing for Control of the Mississippi Valley    Disputed Territory: The Old Southwest    Southern Claims and Indian Resistance    “We Are Now Masters”: The Old Northwest    The Northwest Ordinance of 1787    Debtor and Creditor, Taxpayer and Bondholder    New Sources of Wealth    “Tumults in New England”    Shay’s Rebellion: The Massachusetts Regulation   Drafting a New Constitution    Philadelphia: A Gathering of Like-Minded Men    Compromise and Consensus    Questions of Representation    Slavery: The Deepest Dilemma    Ratification and the Bill of Rights    The Campaign for Ratification    Dividing and Conquering the Anti-Federalists    Adding a Bill of Rights    Conclusion    Envisioning History “Grand Federal Processions”   The Wider World John Ledyard’s Wildly Ambitious Plan    Interpreting History Demobilization: “Turned Adrift Like Old Worn-Out Horses”     9. Revolutionary Legacies, 1789–1803   Competing Political Visions in the New Nation    Federalism and Democratic-Republicanism in Action    Planting the Seeds of Industry    Echoes of the American Revolution: The Whiskey Rebellion    Securing Peace Abroad, Suppressing Dissent at Home    People of Color: New Freedoms, New Struggles    Blacks in the North    Manumissions in the South    Continuity and Change in the West    Indian Wars in the Great Lakes Region    Patterns of Indian Acculturation    Land Speculation and Slavery    Shifting Social Identities in the Post-Revolutionary Era    The Search for Common Ground    Artisan-Politicians and Menial Laborers    “Republican Mothers” and Other Well-Off Women    A Loss of Political Influence: The Fate of Nonelite Women    The Election of 1800   The Enigmatic Thomas Jefferson    Protecting and Expanding the National Interest    Conclusion    Envisioning History President-Elect Washington is Greeted by the Women and Girls of Trenton, New Jersey    The Wider World Comparative Measures of Equality in the Post-Revolutionary World  Interpreting History A Farmer Worries about the Power of “the Few”      Part Four. Expanding the Boundaries of Freedom and Slavery, 1804–1848   10. Defending and Expanding the New Nation, 1804–1818   The British Menace    The Embargo of 1807    On the Brink of War    The War of 1812    Pushing North    Fighting on Many Fronts    An Uncertain Victory   The “Era of Good Feelings”?    Praise and Respect for Veterans After the War    A Thriving Economy    Transformations in the Workplace    The Market Revolution    The Rise of the Cotton Plantation Economy    Regional Economies of the South    Black Family Life and Labor    Resistance to Slavery    Conclusion    Envisioning History A Government Agent Greets a Group of Creek Indians   The Wider World Which Nations Transported Slaves in 1800?    Interpreting History Cherokee Women Petition Against Further Land Sales to Whites in 1817      11. Society and Politics in the “Age of the Common Man,” 1819–1832   The Politics Behind Western Migration    The Missouri Compromise    Ways West: The Erie Canal    Spreading American Culture–and Slavery    Migration and Its Effects on the Western Environment    The Panic of 1819 and the Plight of Western Debtors    The Monroe Doctrine    Andrew Jackson’s Rise to Power    Federal Authority and Its Opponents    Judicial Federalism and the Limits of Law    The “Tariff of Abominations”    The “Monster Bank”    Americans in the “Age of the Common Man”    Wards, Workers, and Warriors: Native Americans    Slaves and Free People of Color    Legal and Economic Dependence: The Status of Women    Ties That Bound a Growing Population    New Visions of Religious Faith    Literary and Cultural Values in America    Conclusion    Envisioning History A Rowdy Presidential Inauguration    The Wider World The Global Trade in Cotton Interpreting History Eulalia Perez Describes Her Work in a California Mission      12. Peoples in Motion, 1832–1848   Mass Migrations    Newcomers from Western Europe    The Slave Trade    Trails of Tears    Migrants in the West    Government-Sponsored Exploration    The Oregon Trail    New Places, New Identities    Changes in the Southern Plains    A Multitude of Voices in the National Political Arena    Whigs, Workers, and the Panic of 1837    Suppression of Antislavery Sentiment    Nativists as a Political Force    Reform Impulses    Public Education    Alternative Visions of Social Life    Networks of Reformers   The United States Extends Its Reach    The Lone Star Republic    The Election of 1844    War with Mexico    Conclusion    Envisioning History An Owner Advertises for His Runaway Slave     The Wider World The U.S. and Other Railroad Networks Compared    Interpreting History Senator John C. Calhoun Warns Against Incorporating Mexico into the United States      Part 5. Disunion and Reunion   13. The Crisis over Slavery, 1848–1860   Regional Economies and Conflicts    Native American Economies Transformed    Land Conflicts in the Southwest    Ethnic and Economic Diversity in the Midwest    Regional Economies of the South    A Free Labor Ideology in the North    Individualism Versus Group Identity    Putting into Practice Ideas of Social Inferiority    “A Teeming Nation”—America in Literature    Challenges to Individualism    The Paradox of Southern Political Power    The Party System in Disarray    The Compromise of 1850    Expansionism and Political Upheaval    The Republican Alliance    The Deepening Conflict over Slavery    The Rising Tide of Violence    The Dred Scott Decision    The Lincoln-Douglas Debates    Harpers Ferry and the Presidential Election of 1860    Conclusion    Envisioning History An Artist Renders County Election Day in the 1850s    The Wider World When Was Slavery Abolished?    Interpreting History Professor Howe on the Subordination of Women      14. “To Fight to Gain a Country”: The Civil War   Mobilization for War, 1861–1862    The Secession Impulse    Preparing to Fight    Barriers to Southern Mobilization    Indians in the Service of the Confederacy    The Ethnic Confederacy    The Course of War, 1862–1864    The Republicans’ War    The Ravages of War    The Emancipation Proclamation    Persistent Obstacles to the Confederacy’s Grand Strategy    The Other War: African American Struggles for Liberation    The Unfolding of Freedom    Enemies Within the Confederacy    The Ongoing Fight Against Prejudice    Battle Fronts and Home Fronts in 1863    Disaffection in the Confederacy    The Tide Turns Against the South    Civil Unrest in the North    The Desperate South    The Prolonged Defeat of the Confederacy, 1864–1865    “Hard War” Toward African Americans and Indians    “Father Abraham”    Sherman’s March from Atlanta to the Sea    The Last Days of the Confederacy    Conclusion    Interpreting History A Virginia Slaveholder Objects to the Impressment of Slaves    Envisioning History A Civil War Encampment    The Wider World Deaths of Americans in Principal Wars, 1775-1991      15. Consolidating a Triumphant Union, 1865–1877  The Struggle over the South    Wartime Preludes to Postwar Policies    Presidential Reconstruction, 1865–1867    The Southern Postwar Labor Problem    Building Free Communities    Landscapes and Soundscapes of Freedom    Congressional Reconstruction: The Radicals’ Plan    The Remarkable Career of Blanche K. Bruce    Claiming Territory for the Union    Federal Military Campaigns Against Western Indians    The Postwar Western Labor Problem    Land Use in an Expanding Nation    Buying Territory for the Union    The Republican Vision and Its Limits    Postbellum Origins of the Woman Suffrage Movement    Workers’ Organizations    Political Corruption and the Decline of Republican Idealism    Conclusion    Envisioning History Two Artists Memorialize the Battle of Little Big Horn    The Wider World When Did Women Get the Vote? Interpreting History A Southern Labor Contract      Part Six. The Emergence of Modern America, 1877–1900 16. Standardizing the Nation: Innovations in Technology, Business, and Culture, 1877–1890   The New Shape of Business    New Systems and Machines—and Their Price    Alterations in the Natural Environment    Innovations in Financing and Organizing Business    Immigrants: New Labor Supplies for a New Economy    Efficient Machines, Efficient People    The Birth of a National Urban Culture    Economic Sources of Urban Growth    Building the Cities    Local Government Gets Bigger    Thrills, Chills, and Bathtubs: The Emergence of Consumer Culture    Shows and Sports as Spectacles    Entertainment Collides with Tradition    “Palaces of Consumption”    Defending the New Industrial Order    The Contradictory Politics of Laissez-Faire    Social Darwinism and the “Natural” State of Society    Conclusion    Envisioning History What Every Woman Wants: An Ad for a Bathtub    The Wider World Some Major Inventions of the Late Nineteenth Century    Interpreting History Andrew Carnegie and the “Gospel of Wealth”      17. Challenges to Government and Corporate Power, 1877–1890   Resistance to Legal and Military Authority    Chinese Lawsuits in California    Blacks in the “New South”    “Jim Crow” in the West    The Ghost Dance on the High Plains    Revolt in the Workplace    Trouble on the Farm    Militancy in the Factories and Mines    The Haymarket Bombing    Crosscurrents of Reform    The Goal of Indian Assimilation    Transatlantic Networks of Reform    Women Reformers: “Beginning to Burst the Bonds”    Conclusion    Envisioning History Jacob Riis Photographs Immigrants on the Lower East Side of New York City    The Wider World The Jewish Diaspora Interpreting History “Albert Parsons’s Plea for Anarchy”      18. Political and Cultural Conflict in a Decade of Depression and War: The 1890s   Frontiers at Home, Lost and Found    Claiming and Managing the Land    The Tyranny of Racial Categories    New Roles for Schools    Connections Between Mind and Behavior    The Search for Domestic Political Alliances    Class Conflict    Rise and Demise of the Populists   Barriers to a U.S. Workers’ Political Movement    Challenges to Traditional Gender Roles   American Imperialism    Cultural Encounters with the Exotic   Initial Imperialist Ventures    The Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War of 1898    Critics of Imperialism    Conclusion    Envisioning History Housing Interiors and the Display of Wealth   The Wider World The Age of Imperialism, 1870-1914    Interpreting History Proceedings of the Congressional Committee on the Philippines      Part Seven. Reform at Home, Revolution Abroad, 1900–1929   19. Visions of the Modern Nation: The Progressive Era, 1900–1912   Expanding National Power    Theodore Roosevelt: The “Rough Rider” as President    Reaching Across the Globe    Protecting and Preserving the Natural World    William Howard Taft: The One-Term Progressive     Immigration: Visions of a Better Life    Land of Newcomers    The Southwest: Mexican Borderlands    Asian Immigration and the Impact of Exclusion    Newcomers from Southern and Eastern Europe    Reformers and Radicals    Muckraking, Moral Reform, and Vice Crusades    Women’s Suffrage    Radical Politics and the Labor Movement    Resistance to Racism    Work, Science, and Leisure    The Uses and Abuses of Science   Scientific Management and Mass Production    New Amusements    “Sex O’Clock in America”    Artists Respond to the New Era    Conclusion    Envisioning History Resisting Eugenics: A Political Cartoon The Wider World The Immigrants Who Went Back Home  Interpreting History Defining Whiteness   20. War and Revolution, 1912–1920   A World and a Nation in Upheaval    The Apex of European Conquest    Confronting Revolutions in Asia and Europe      Influencing the Political Order in Latin America    Conflicts over Race and Ethnicity at Home    Women’s Challenges    Workers and Owners Clash    American Neutrality and Domestic Reform    “The One Great Nation at Peace”    Reform Priorities at Home    The Great Migration    Limits to American Neutrality    The United States Goes to War    The Logic of Belligerency    Mobilizing the Home Front    Ensuring Unity at Home    Joining the War in Europe    The Russian Revolution and the War in the East    The Struggle to Win the Peace    Peacemaking and the Versailles Treaty    Waging Counterrevolution Abroad    The Red and Black Scares at Home    Conclusion    Envisioning History Political Cartoons and Wartime Dissent    The Wider World Casualties of the Great War, 1914-1918  Interpreting History Sex and Citizenship      21. All That Jazz: The 1920s   The Decline of Progressive Reform and the Business of Politics    Women’s Rights After the Struggle for Suffrage    Prohibition: The Experiment That Failed    Reactionary Impulses    Marcus Garvey and the Persistence of Civil Rights Activism    Warren G. Harding: The Politics of Scandal    Calvin Coolidge: The Hands-Off President    Herbert Hoover: The Self-Made President    Hollywood and Harlem: National Cultures in Black and White    Hollywood Comes of Age    The Harlem Renaissance    Radios and Autos: Transforming Leisure at Home    Science on Trial    The Great Flood of 1927    The Triumph of Eugenics: Buck v. Bell    Science, Religion, and the Scopes Trial    Consumer Dreams and Nightmares    Marketing the Good Life    Writers, Critics, and the “Lost Generation”    Poverty Amid Plenty    The Stock Market Crash    Conclusion    Envisioning History Selling Treats in the Los Angeles Suburbs The Wider World Global Hollywood    Interpreting History F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby      Part Eight. From Depression and War to World Power, 1929–1953   22. Hardship and Hope: The Great Depression of the 1930s   The Great Depression    Causes of the Crisis    Surviving Hard Times    Enduring Discrimination    The Dust Bowl    Presidential Responses to the Depression    Herbert Hoover: Failed Efforts    Franklin Delano Roosevelt: The Pragmatist    Eleanor Roosevelt: Activist and First Lady   “Nothing to Fear but Fear Itself”    The New Deal    The First Hundred Days    Monumental Projects Transforming the Landscape    Protest and Pressure from the Left and the Right    The Second New Deal    FDR’s Second Term    A New Political Culture    The Labor Movement    The New Deal Coalition    A New Americanism    Conclusion    Envisioning History In the Shadow of the American Dream    The Wider World The Great Depression in North America and Western Europe    Interpreting History Songs of the Great Depression   23. Global Conflict: World War II, 1937–1945   The United States Enters the War    Fascist Aggression in Europe and Asia    The “Great Debate” over Intervention    The Attack on Pearl Harbor    Japanese American Relocation    Foreign Nationals in the United States    Wartime Migrations    Total War    The Holocaust    The War in Europe    The War in the Pacific    The Home Front    Propaganda and Morale    Home Front Workers, Rosie the Riveter, and Victory Girls    Racial Tensions at Home and the “Double V” Campaign    The End of the War    The Manhattan Project    Planning for the Postwar Era    Victory in Europe and the Pacific    Conclusion    Envisioning History The Limits of Racial Tolerance    The Wider World Casualties of World War II   Interpreting History Zelda Webb Anderson, “You Just Met One Who Does Not Know How to Cook”      24. Cold War and Hot War, 1945–1953   The Uncertainties of Victory    Global Destruction   Vacuums of Power    Postwar Transition to Peacetime Life    Challenging Racial Discrimination    Class Conflict Between Owners and Workers    The Quest for Security    Redefining National Security    Conflict with the Soviet Union    The Policy of Containment    Colonialism and the Cold War    The Impact of Nuclear Weapons    American Security and Asia    The Chinese Civil War    The Creation of the National Security State    At War in Korea    A Cold War Society    Family Lives    The Growth of the South and the West    Harry Truman and the Limits of Liberal Reform    Cold War Politics at Home    Who Is a Loyal American?    Conclusion    Envisioning History The Unity of Communists?   The Wider World The Most Populous Urban Areas    Interpreting History NSC-68      Part Nine. The Cold War at Full Tide, 1953–1979   25. Domestic Dreams and Atomic Nightmares, 1953–1963   Cold War, Warm Hearth    Consumer Spending and the Suburban Ideal    Race, Class, and Domesticity    Women: Back to the Future    Mobilizing for Peace and the Environment    The Civil Rights Movement    Brown v. Board of Education    White Resistance, Black Persistence    Boycotts and Sit-Ins    The Eisenhower Years    The Middle of the Road    Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy    Cultural Diplomacy    Outsiders and Opposition    The Kennedy Era    Kennedy’s Domestic Policy    Kennedy’s Foreign Policy    1963: A Year of Turning Points    Conclusion    Envisioning History The Family Fallout Shelter    The Wider World The Distribution of Wealth  Interpreting History Rachel Carson, Silent Spring      26. The Vietnam War and Social Conflict, 1964–1971   Lyndon Johnson and the Apex of Liberalism    The New President    The Great Society: Fighting Poverty and Discrimination    The Great Society: Improving the Quality of Life    The Liberal Warren Court    Into War in Vietnam    The Vietnamese Revolution and the United States    Johnson’s War    Americans in Southeast Asia    1968: The Turning Point    “The Movement”    From Civil Rights to Black Power    The New Left and the Struggle Against the War    Cultural Rebellion and the Counterculture    Women’s Liberation    The Many Fronts of Liberation    The Conservative Response    Backlashes    The Turmoil of 1968 at Home    The Nixon Administration    Escalating and Deescalating in Vietnam    Conclusion    Envisioning History Pop Art The Wider World Military Expenditures, 1966    Interpreting History Martin Luther King Jr. and the Vietnam War      27. Reconsidering National Priorities, 1972–1979   Twin Shocks: Détente and Watergate    Triangular Diplomacy    Scandal in the White House    The Nation After Watergate    Discovering the Limits of the U.S. Economy    The End of the Long Boom    The Oil Embargo    The Environmental Movement    Reshuffling Politics    Congressional Power Reasserted    Jimmy Carter: “I Will Never Lie to You”    Rise of a Peacemaker    The War on Waste    Pressing for Equality    The Meanings of Women’s Liberation New Opportunities in Education, the Workplace, and Family Life    Equality Under the Law    Backlash    Integration and Group Identity    Conclusion    Envisioning History U.S. Dependence on Petroleum Imports    The Wider World Conservative Religious Resurgence in the 1970s Interpreting History The Church Committee and CIA Covert Operations      Part Ten. Global Connections, at Home and Abroad, 1979–2007   28. The Cold War Returns—and Ends, 1979–1991   Anticommunism Revived    Iran and Afghanistan    The Conservative Victory of 1980    Renewing the Cold War    Republican Rule at Home    “Reaganomics”    The Environment Contested    The Affluence Gap    Cultural Conflict    The Rise of the Religious Right    Dissenters Push Back    The New Immigrants    The End of the Cold War    From Cold War to Détente    The Iran-Contra Scandal    A Global Police?    Conclusion    Envisioning History The Mall of America    The Wider World Global Immigration in the 1980s  Interpreting History Religion and Politics in the 1980s     29. Post–Cold War America, 1991–2000    The Economy: Global and Domestic    The Post–Cold War Economy    The Widening Gap Between Rich and Poor    Service Workers and Labor Unions    Industry versus the Environment    Tolerance and Its Limits    The Los Angeles Riots: “We Can All Get Along”    Values in Conflict    Courtroom Dramas: Clarence Thomas and O. J. Simpson    The Changing Face of Diversity    The Clinton Years    The 1992 Election     Clinton’s Domestic Agenda and the “Republican Revolution” The Impeachment Crisis    Trade, Peacemaking, and Military Intervention    Terrorism and Danger at Home and Abroad    The Contested Election of 2000     The Campaign, the Vote, and the Courts    The Aftermath    Legacies of Election 2000    Conclusion    Envisioning History The Great American Voting Machine The Wider World How Much Do the World’s CEOs Make Compared to Workers?    Interpreting History Vermont Civil Union Law      30. A Global Nation in the New Millennium   George W. Bush and War in the Middle East    The President and the “War on Terror”  Security and Politics at Home    Into War in Iraq    The Election of 2004 and the Second Bush Administration  The American Place in a Global Economy  The Logic and Technology of Globalization  Free Trade and the Global Assembly Line  Who Benefits from Globalization?  The Stewardship of Natural Resources  Ecological Transformations  Pollution  Environmentalism and Its Limitations  The Expansion of American Popular Culture Abroad  A Culture of Diversity and Entertainment  U.S. Influence Abroad Since the Cold War  Resistance to American Popular Culture  Identity in Contemporary America  Negotiating Multiple Identities  Social Change and Abiding Discrimination  Still an Immigrant Society  Conclusion  Envisioning History Where Is the West?  The Wider World Capital Punishment, Abolition and Use Interpreting History The “War on Terror”    Appendix The Declaration of Independence  The Article of Confederation  The Constitution of the United States of America  Amendments to the Constitution  Presidential Elections  Glossary Credits Index  Maps Endpapers Front: The United States Back: Present Day World