Comprehensive and clinically relevant, the 3rd Edition of Critical Care Nephrology provides authoritative coverage of the latest advances in critical care procedures for patients with renal diseases or disorders. Using common guidelines and standardized approaches to critically ill patients, this multidisciplinary reference facilitates better communication among all physicians who care for critically ill patients suffering from kidney disease, electrolyte and metabolic imbalances, poisoning, severe sepsis, major organ dysfunction, and other pathological events.
Offers detailed discussions of different forms of organ support, artificial organs, infections, acute illness occurring in chronic hemodialysis patients, and much more.
Places a special emphasis on therapeutic interventions and treatment procedures for a hands on clinical reference tool.
Presents information clearly, in a format designed for easy reference - from basic sciences to clinical syndromes to diagnostic tools.
Covers special populations such as children, diabetic patients, and the elderly.
An exceptional resource for nephrologists, intensivists, surgeons, or critical care physicians - anyone who treats critically ill renal patients.
Shares a combined commitment to excellence lead by Drs. Claudio Ronco, Rinaldo Bellomo, John Kellum, and Zaccaria Ricci - unparalleled leaders in this field.
Addresses key topics with expanded coverage of acute kidney injury, stress biomarkers, and sepsis, including the latest developments on mechanisms and management.
Provides up-to-date information on extracorporeal therapies from new editor Dr. Zaccaria Ricci.
Expert ConsultT eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Table of Contents:
Section 1: Principles of Critical Care
Chapter 1 - The Critically Ill Patient
Chapter 2 - The Pathophysiologic Foundations of Critical Care
Chapter 3 - Mechanical Ventilation
Chapter 4 - Hemodynamic Support in the Critically Ill Patient
Chapter 5 - Monitoring Organ Dysfunction in Critical Care
Chapter 6 - Kidney-Specific Severity Scores
Section 2: Principles of Renal Physiology
Chapter 7 - The Physiology of the Glomerulus
Chapter 8 - The Physiology of the Loop of Henle
Chapter 9 - Glomerular Filtration Rate, Renal Functional Reserve, and Kidney Stress Testing
Chapter 10 - Renal Energy Consumption and Metabolism
Section 3: Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury in Critical Care
Chapter 11 - Acute Kidney Injury: From Clinical to Molecular Diagnosis
Chapter 12 - Community- and Hospital-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 13 - Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients
Chapter 14 - Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Section 4: Exposures and Patient Susceptibility
Chapter 15 - Genetic Predisposition for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Chapter 16 - Risk Factors and Risk Assessment in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 17 - Experimental Models of Acute Kidney Injury
Section 5: Humoral and Cellular Mechanisms of Kidney Damage
Chapter 18 - Renal Blood Flow and Perfusion Pressure
Chapter 19 - Humoral Mediators in Sepsis
Chapter 20 - Cell Death Pathways: Apoptosis and Regulated Necrosis
Chapter 21 - Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns, Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns, and Their Receptors in Acute Kidney Injury
Section 6: Clinical Course of Acute Kidney Injury and Biomarkers
Chapter 22 - Acute Kidney Disease
Chapter 23 - Acute Kidney Disease, Renal Recovery, and Post-Acute Kidney Injury Care
Chapter 24 - The Role of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 25 - Functional Biomarkers
Chapter 26 - Damage Biomarkers
Chapter 27 - Kidney Stress Biomarkers
Section 7: Mechanisms of Repair or Progression
Chapter 28 - Renal Repair and Recovery
Chapter 29 - Maladaptive Repair and Progression to CKD
Chapter 30 - Biomarkers of Recovery and/or Repair Following Acute Kidney Injury
Section 8: Renal Histopathology in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 31 - Practical Considerations of Renal Biopsies in Critical Care Patients
Chapter 32 - Localization of Injury and Repair Pathways
Section 9: Imaging Techniques in Critical Care Nephrology
Chapter 33 - Ultrasonography and Doppler Techniques
Chapter 34 - Contrast-Enhanced Renal Ultrasound
Chapter 35 - Traditional Radiology, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Critical Care Nephrology
Chapter 36 - Radionuclides Diagnostic Techniques
Section 10: Clinical Syndromes and Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 37 - Multiple Organ Dysfunction
Chapter 38 - Acute Kidney Injury in Burns and Trauma
Chapter 39 - Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 40 - Acute Kidney Injury in Pregnancy
Chapter 41 - Acute Kidney Injury in Oncology and Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Chapter 42 - Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery
Chapter 43 - Acute Kidney Injury in Major Surgery
Chapter 44 - Acute Kidney Injury in Heart Failure
Chapter 45 - Acute Kidney Injury in Cirrhosis
Chapter 46 - Acute Renal Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Chapter 47 - Acute Glomerulonephritis
Chapter 48 - Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 49 - Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Chapter 50 - Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Section 11: Prevention and Treatment: General Treatment Concepts
Chapter 51 - Nonpharmacologic Management of Acute Renal Injury
Chapter 52 - Novel Drugs for Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 53 - Remote Ischemic Preconditioning
Section 12: Fluid and Electrolytes
Chapter 54 - Blood Biochemistry: Measuring Major Plasma Electrolytes
Chapter 55 - Assessment of Urine Biochemistry
Chapter 56 - Disorders of Sodium and Water Balance
Chapter 57 - Disorders of Potassium and Magnesium
Chapter 58 - Calcium and Phosphate Physiology
Chapter 59 - Principles of Fluid Therapy
Chapter 60 - Blood Transfusion Therapy
Chapter 61 - Loop and Thiazide Diuretics
Chapter 62 - Vaptans and the Treatment of Hyponatremia
Chapter 63 - Aldosterone Antagonists, Amiloride, and Triamterene
Section 13: Acid-Base
Chapter 64 - Laboratory Tests: Blood Gases, Anion Gap, and Strong Ion Gap
Chapter 65 - Acid-Base Physiology and Diagnosis of Disorders
Chapter 66 - Metabolic Acidosis
Chapter 67 - Hyperlactatemia and Lactic Acidosis
Chapter 68 - Renal Tubular Acidosis
Chapter 69 - Metabolic Alkalosis
Chapter 70 - Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders
Chapter 71 - Iatrogenic and Poison-Derived Acid Base Disorders
Section 14: Metabolism and Nutrition in Critical Illness and Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 72 - Energy Requirement and Consumption in the Critically Ill Patient
Chapter 73 - Impact of Renal Replacement Therapy on Metabolism and Nutrient Requirements in the Critically Ill Patient
Chapter 74 - Amino Acid Turnover, Protein Metabolism, and Nitrogen Balance in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 75 - Carbohydrates and Lipids
Chapter 76 - Endocrinology of the Stress Response During Critical Illness
Chapter 77 - Anemia of Critical Illness
Chapter 78 - Management of Nutrition in Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 79 - Blood Glucose Control in Critical Care
Chapter 80 - Enteral Nutrition
Section 15: Infectious Diseases and Sepsis
Chapter 81 - Microbiologic Considerations in the Intensive Care Patient
Chapter 82 - Innate Immunity and the Kidney
Chapter 83 - Adaptive Immunity and Critical Illness
Chapter 84 - Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Hepatorenal Syndrome
Chapter 85 - Tropical Infections Causing Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 86 - Sepsis and Septic Shock
Chapter 87 - Complement and Its Consequences in Sepsis
Chapter 88 - Coagulation Abnormalities in Sepsis
Dysfunction of the Kidney in Sepsis
Book chapterFull text access
Chapter 89 - Endothelial Dysfunction of the Kidney in Sepsis
Chapter 90 - Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 91 - Recommendations for Sepsis Management
Chapter 92 - Principles of Antimicrobial Prescription in Intensive Care Unit Patients With Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 93 - Renal Replacement Therapy for Septic Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 94 - Blood Purification for Sepsis
Chapter 95 - Management of Infection in Patients With Kidney Transplant
Chapter 96 - Critical Care Viral Infections
Chapter 97 - Principles of Antibiotic Prescription in Intensive Care Unit Patients and Patients With Acute Renal Failure
Section 16: Acute Intoxication and Poisoning
Chapter 98 - Drugs and Antidotes in Acute Intoxication
Chapter 99 - Extracorporeal Therapies in Acute Intoxication and Poisoning
Chapter 100 - Plasmapheresis in Acute Intoxication and Poisoning
Chapter 101 - Poisoning: Kinetics to Therapeutics
Section 17: Acute Kidney Injury and Organ Crosstalk
Chapter 102 - Bleeding and Hemostasis in Acute Renal Failure
Chapter 103 - Gastrointestinal Problems in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 104 - Cardiovascular Problems in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 105 - Water and Electrolyte Disturbances in Acute Renal Failure
Chapter 106 - Neurologic Problems in Acute Renal Failure
Chapter 107 - Immunologic and Infectious Complications of Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 108 - Cellular Response to Acute Kidney Injury
Section 18: Interaction of the Heart and the Kidney
Chapter 109 - Heart-Kidney Cross-Talk
Chapter 110 - Classification of Cardiorenal Syndrome
Chapter 111 - Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1
Chapter 112 - Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 2
Chapter 113 - Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3
Chapter 114 - Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4
Chapter 115 - Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 5
Chapter 116 - Renal Function During Cardiac Mechanical Support and Artificial Heart
Chapter 117 - The Kidney in Diastolic Dysfunction
Chapter 118 - Principles of Diuretic Management in Heart Failure
Chapter 119 - Management of Overhydration in Heart Failure Patients
Chapter 120 - Recent Advances for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Advanced Kidney Disease
Section 19: Interaction of the Lung and Kidney
Chapter 121 - Lung-Kidney Cross-Talk
Chapter 122 - The Kidney During Mechanical Ventilation
Chapter 123 - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Renal Function
Chapter 124 - Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal
Chapter 125 - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Adults and Children
Chapter 126 - Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome
Section 20: The Liver and the Kidney
Chapter 127 - Liver-Kidney Interaction
Chapter 128 - Pathophysiology and Management of the Hepatorenal Syndrome
Chapter 129 - Kidney Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation
Chapter 130 - Extracorporeal Liver Support Devices
Section 21: Interaction of the Brain and the Kidney
Chapter 131 - Treatment of Combined Acute Renal Failure and Cerebral Edema
Chapter 132 - Renal Protection in the Organ Donor
Chapter 133 - Effect of Extracorporeal Therapies on the Brain
Section 22: Fluid Balance and its Management in the Critically Ill
Chapter 134 - Components of Fluid Balance and Monitoring
Chapter 135 - Noninvasive Methods of Fluid Status Assessment in Critically Ill Patients
Chapter 136 - Management of Fluid Overload in Cardiorenal Patients: The Five B Approach
Chapter 137 - Mechanical Fluid Removal
Section 23: General Principles of Acute Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 138 - Indications for Renal Replacement Therapy in the Critically Ill
Chapter 139 - Principles of Extracorporeal Circulation and Transport Phenomena
Chapter 140 - Membranes and Filters for Use in Acute Renal Failure
Chapter 141 - Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Machine Technology
Chapter 142 - Principles of Anticoagulation in Extracorporeal Circuits
Chapter 143 - Dialysis Solutions and Replacement Fluids
Chapter 144 - Starting and Stopping Renal Replacement Therapy in the Critically Ill
Chapter 145 - The Concept of Renal Replacement Therapy Dose and Efficiency
Chapter 146 - Quantification of Acute Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 147 - Principles of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Used in Extracorporeal Therapies
Chapter 148 - Ethical Considerations in Acute Renal Replacement Therapy
Section 24: Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapies
Chapter 149 - Intermittent Techniques for Acute Dialysis
Chapter 150 - Solute and Water Transport in Hemodialysis: Dialyzers, Flow Distribution, and Cross-Filtration
Chapter 151 - Biocompatibility of the Dialysis System
Chapter 152 - Composition of Hemodialysis Fluid
Chapter 153 - Indications for and Contraindications to Intermittent Hemodialysis in Critically Ill Patients
Chapter 154 - Technical and Clinical Complications of Intermittent Hemodialysis in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 155 - Correction of Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Derangements by Hemodialysis and Derived Techniques
Chapter 156 - Urea Kinetics, Efficiency, and Adequacy of Hemodialysis and Other Intermittent Treatments
Chapter 157 - Assessment of Fluid Status and Body Composition and Control of Fluid Balance With Intermittent Hemodialysis in the Critically Ill Patient
Chapter 158 - Outcomes of Intermittent Hemodialysis in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 159 - Hybrid Dialysis Techniques in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 160 - The Role of Plasmapheresis in Critical Illness
Chapter 161 - Cascade Filtration for ABO Incompatible Transplant
Chapter 162 - Nursing Issues and Procedures in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Section 25: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies (CRRT)
Chapter 163 - Indications for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Renal Replacement Versus Renal Support
Chapter 164 - Beginning and Ending Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 165 - Solute and Water Kinetics in Continuous Therapies
Chapter 166 - Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Modalities and Their Selection
Chapter 167 - Vascular Access for Acute Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 168 - Anticoagulation Strategies for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 169 - Nursing Strategies to Prevent Coagulation of the Extracorporeal Circuit
Chapter 170 - Adequacy of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Prescription and Delivery
Chapter 171 - High-Volume Hemofiltration in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 172 - Pulse High-Volume Hemofiltration in Management of Critically Ill Patients With Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock
Chapter 173 - High Cutoff Membranes for Mediators Removal
Chapter 174 - Clinical Effects of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies
Chapter 175 - Antibiotic Adjustment in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 176 - Nomenclature: Basic Principles
Chapter 177 - Nomenclature: Techniques
Section 26: Peritoneal Dialysis in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 178 - Peritoneal Dialysis System
Chapter 179 - Indications, Contraindications, and Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Renal Failure
Chapter 180 - Solute and Water Transport Across the Peritoneal Barrier
Chapter 181 - Choice of Peritoneal Dialysis Technique: Intermittent or Continuous
Chapter 182 - Correction of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Derangements by Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 183 - Feasibility, Efficiency, and Adequacy of Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 184 - Clinical Results and Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 185 - Treatment of Peritonitis and Other Clinical Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis in the Critically Ill Patient
Chapter 186 - Comparison of Peritoneal Dialysis With Other Treatments for Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 187 - Continuous-Flow Peritoneal Dialysis as Acute Therapy
Chapter 188 - Nursing and Procedure Issues in Peritoneal Dialysis
Section 27: Extracorporeal Blood Purification Techniques Beyond Dialysis
Chapter 189 - Sorbents: From Basic Structure to Clinical Application
Chapter 190 - Therapeutic Apheresis in Critically Ill Patients: Indications, Modalities and Techniques, Clinical Results
Chapter 191 - Extracorporeal Blood Purification Techniques Beyond Dialysis: Coupled Plasmafiltration-Adsorption
Chapter 192 - Prometheus System
Chapter 193 - Toraymyxin and Other Endotoxin Adsorption Systems
Chapter 194 - Plasmafiltration-Adsorption-Dialysis System
Chapter 195 - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Cardiac Support
Chapter 196 - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Pulmonary Support
Chapter 197 - Cell-Based Therapies
Section 28: Critical Care Nephrology in Pediatrics
Chapter 198 - Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 199 - Epidemiology of Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 200 - Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury in Children: Conservative Management to Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 201 - Technical Aspects of Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 202 - Multiple Organ Dysfunction in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 203 - Drug Dosing in Pediatric Acute Kidney Insufficiency and Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 204 - Nutrition of Critically Ill Children With Acute Renal Failure
Chapter 205 - Outcome of Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 206 - Renal Replacement Therapy for the Critically Ill Infant
Chapter 207 - Neonatal Hyperammonemia and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 208 - Modified Ultrafiltration in Pediatric Heart Surgery
Chapter 209 - Techniques and Machines for Pediatric Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 210 - Antibiotics in Critically Ill Newborns and Children: Nephrotoxicity and Management During Renal Replacement Therapy
Section 29: Kidney Transplantation and Critical Care
Chapter 211 - Patient Selection and Pretransplantation Care for Kidney Transplant Recipients
Chapter 212 - Kidney Support and Perioperative Care in Kidney Transplantation
Chapter 213 - Acute Renal Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Section 30: Special Kidney Problems in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 214 - Management of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 215 - Management of Patients with Diabetes in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 216 - Diagnosis and Management of Acute Kidney Injury in the Emergency Department
Chapter 217 - Anticancer Drugs and the Kidney
Chapter 218 - Antiinflammatory Drugs and the Kidney
Chapter 219 - Calcineurin Inhibitors and Other Immunosuppressive Drugs and the Kidney
Chapter 220 - Alternative Medicine and Chinese Herbs and the Kidney
Chapter 221 - Environment, Smoking, Obesity, and the Kidney
Chapter 222 - Lead and Heavy Metals and the Kidney
Chapter 223 - Statins and the Kidney
Chapter 224 - Erythropoietin Therapy in Critically Ill and Acute Kidney Injury Patients
Chapter 225 - Vasoactive Drugs, Renal Function, and Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 226 - End Points for Clinical Trials in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 227 - Hypothermia and the Kidney
Chapter 228 - Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers and Acute Kidney Injury
Section 1: Principles of Critical Care
Chapter 1 - The Critically Ill Patient
Chapter 2 - The Pathophysiologic Foundations of Critical Care
Chapter 3 - Mechanical Ventilation
Chapter 4 - Hemodynamic Support in the Critically Ill Patient
Chapter 5 - Monitoring Organ Dysfunction in Critical Care
Chapter 6 - Kidney-Specific Severity Scores
Section 2: Principles of Renal Physiology
Chapter 7 - The Physiology of the Glomerulus
Chapter 8 - The Physiology of the Loop of Henle
Chapter 9 - Glomerular Filtration Rate, Renal Functional Reserve, and Kidney Stress Testing
Chapter 10 - Renal Energy Consumption and Metabolism
Section 3: Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury in Critical Care
Chapter 11 - Acute Kidney Injury: From Clinical to Molecular Diagnosis
Chapter 12 - Community- and Hospital-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 13 - Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients
Chapter 14 - Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Section 4: Exposures and Patient Susceptibility
Chapter 15 - Genetic Predisposition for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Chapter 16 - Risk Factors and Risk Assessment in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 17 - Experimental Models of Acute Kidney Injury
Section 5: Humoral and Cellular Mechanisms of Kidney Damage
Chapter 18 - Renal Blood Flow and Perfusion Pressure
Chapter 19 - Humoral Mediators in Sepsis
Chapter 20 - Cell Death Pathways: Apoptosis and Regulated Necrosis
Chapter 21 - Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns, Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns, and Their Receptors in Acute Kidney Injury
Section 6: Clinical Course of Acute Kidney Injury and Biomarkers
Chapter 22 - Acute Kidney Disease
Chapter 23 - Acute Kidney Disease, Renal Recovery, and Post-Acute Kidney Injury Care
Chapter 24 - The Role of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 25 - Functional Biomarkers
Chapter 26 - Damage Biomarkers
Chapter 27 - Kidney Stress Biomarkers
Section 7: Mechanisms of Repair or Progression
Chapter 28 - Renal Repair and Recovery
Chapter 29 - Maladaptive Repair and Progression to CKD
Chapter 30 - Biomarkers of Recovery and/or Repair Following Acute Kidney Injury
Section 8: Renal Histopathology in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 31 - Practical Considerations of Renal Biopsies in Critical Care Patients
Chapter 32 - Localization of Injury and Repair Pathways
Section 9: Imaging Techniques in Critical Care Nephrology
Chapter 33 - Ultrasonography and Doppler Techniques
Chapter 34 - Contrast-Enhanced Renal Ultrasound
Chapter 35 - Traditional Radiology, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Critical Care Nephrology
Chapter 36 - Radionuclides Diagnostic Techniques
Section 10: Clinical Syndromes and Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 37 - Multiple Organ Dysfunction
Chapter 38 - Acute Kidney Injury in Burns and Trauma
Chapter 39 - Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 40 - Acute Kidney Injury in Pregnancy
Chapter 41 - Acute Kidney Injury in Oncology and Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Chapter 42 - Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery
Chapter 43 - Acute Kidney Injury in Major Surgery
Chapter 44 - Acute Kidney Injury in Heart Failure
Chapter 45 - Acute Kidney Injury in Cirrhosis
Chapter 46 - Acute Renal Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Chapter 47 - Acute Glomerulonephritis
Chapter 48 - Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 49 - Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Chapter 50 - Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Section 11: Prevention and Treatment: General Treatment Concepts
Chapter 51 - Nonpharmacologic Management of Acute Renal Injury
Chapter 52 - Novel Drugs for Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 53 - Remote Ischemic Preconditioning
Section 12: Fluid and Electrolytes
Chapter 54 - Blood Biochemistry: Measuring Major Plasma Electrolytes
Chapter 55 - Assessment of Urine Biochemistry
Chapter 56 - Disorders of Sodium and Water Balance
Chapter 57 - Disorders of Potassium and Magnesium
Chapter 58 - Calcium and Phosphate Physiology
Chapter 59 - Principles of Fluid Therapy
Chapter 60 - Blood Transfusion Therapy
Chapter 61 - Loop and Thiazide Diuretics
Chapter 62 - Vaptans and the Treatment of Hyponatremia
Chapter 63 - Aldosterone Antagonists, Amiloride, and Triamterene
Section 13: Acid-Base
Chapter 64 - Laboratory Tests: Blood Gases, Anion Gap, and Strong Ion Gap
Chapter 65 - Acid-Base Physiology and Diagnosis of Disorders
Chapter 66 - Metabolic Acidosis
Chapter 67 - Hyperlactatemia and Lactic Acidosis
Chapter 68 - Renal Tubular Acidosis
Chapter 69 - Metabolic Alkalosis
Chapter 70 - Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders
Chapter 71 - Iatrogenic and Poison-Derived Acid Base Disorders
Section 14: Metabolism and Nutrition in Critical Illness and Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 72 - Energy Requirement and Consumption in the Critically Ill Patient
Chapter 73 - Impact of Renal Replacement Therapy on Metabolism and Nutrient Requirements in the Critically Ill Patient
Chapter 74 - Amino Acid Turnover, Protein Metabolism, and Nitrogen Balance in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 75 - Carbohydrates and Lipids
Chapter 76 - Endocrinology of the Stress Response During Critical Illness
Chapter 77 - Anemia of Critical Illness
Chapter 78 - Management of Nutrition in Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 79 - Blood Glucose Control in Critical Care
Chapter 80 - Enteral Nutrition
Section 15: Infectious Diseases and Sepsis
Chapter 81 - Microbiologic Considerations in the Intensive Care Patient
Chapter 82 - Innate Immunity and the Kidney
Chapter 83 - Adaptive Immunity and Critical Illness
Chapter 84 - Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Hepatorenal Syndrome
Chapter 85 - Tropical Infections Causing Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 86 - Sepsis and Septic Shock
Chapter 87 - Complement and Its Consequences in Sepsis
Chapter 88 - Coagulation Abnormalities in Sepsis
Dysfunction of the Kidney in Sepsis
Book chapterFull text access
Chapter 89 - Endothelial Dysfunction of the Kidney in Sepsis
Chapter 90 - Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 91 - Recommendations for Sepsis Management
Chapter 92 - Principles of Antimicrobial Prescription in Intensive Care Unit Patients With Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 93 - Renal Replacement Therapy for Septic Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 94 - Blood Purification for Sepsis
Chapter 95 - Management of Infection in Patients With Kidney Transplant
Chapter 96 - Critical Care Viral Infections
Chapter 97 - Principles of Antibiotic Prescription in Intensive Care Unit Patients and Patients With Acute Renal Failure
Section 16: Acute Intoxication and Poisoning
Chapter 98 - Drugs and Antidotes in Acute Intoxication
Chapter 99 - Extracorporeal Therapies in Acute Intoxication and Poisoning
Chapter 100 - Plasmapheresis in Acute Intoxication and Poisoning
Chapter 101 - Poisoning: Kinetics to Therapeutics
Section 17: Acute Kidney Injury and Organ Crosstalk
Chapter 102 - Bleeding and Hemostasis in Acute Renal Failure
Chapter 103 - Gastrointestinal Problems in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 104 - Cardiovascular Problems in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 105 - Water and Electrolyte Disturbances in Acute Renal Failure
Chapter 106 - Neurologic Problems in Acute Renal Failure
Chapter 107 - Immunologic and Infectious Complications of Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 108 - Cellular Response to Acute Kidney Injury
Section 18: Interaction of the Heart and the Kidney
Chapter 109 - Heart-Kidney Cross-Talk
Chapter 110 - Classification of Cardiorenal Syndrome
Chapter 111 - Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1
Chapter 112 - Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 2
Chapter 113 - Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3
Chapter 114 - Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4
Chapter 115 - Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 5
Chapter 116 - Renal Function During Cardiac Mechanical Support and Artificial Heart
Chapter 117 - The Kidney in Diastolic Dysfunction
Chapter 118 - Principles of Diuretic Management in Heart Failure
Chapter 119 - Management of Overhydration in Heart Failure Patients
Chapter 120 - Recent Advances for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Advanced Kidney Disease
Section 19: Interaction of the Lung and Kidney
Chapter 121 - Lung-Kidney Cross-Talk
Chapter 122 - The Kidney During Mechanical Ventilation
Chapter 123 - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Renal Function
Chapter 124 - Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal
Chapter 125 - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Adults and Children
Chapter 126 - Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome
Section 20: The Liver and the Kidney
Chapter 127 - Liver-Kidney Interaction
Chapter 128 - Pathophysiology and Management of the Hepatorenal Syndrome
Chapter 129 - Kidney Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation
Chapter 130 - Extracorporeal Liver Support Devices
Section 21: Interaction of the Brain and the Kidney
Chapter 131 - Treatment of Combined Acute Renal Failure and Cerebral Edema
Chapter 132 - Renal Protection in the Organ Donor
Chapter 133 - Effect of Extracorporeal Therapies on the Brain
Section 22: Fluid Balance and its Management in the Critically Ill
Chapter 134 - Components of Fluid Balance and Monitoring
Chapter 135 - Noninvasive Methods of Fluid Status Assessment in Critically Ill Patients
Chapter 136 - Management of Fluid Overload in Cardiorenal Patients: The Five B Approach
Chapter 137 - Mechanical Fluid Removal
Section 23: General Principles of Acute Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 138 - Indications for Renal Replacement Therapy in the Critically Ill
Chapter 139 - Principles of Extracorporeal Circulation and Transport Phenomena
Chapter 140 - Membranes and Filters for Use in Acute Renal Failure
Chapter 141 - Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Machine Technology
Chapter 142 - Principles of Anticoagulation in Extracorporeal Circuits
Chapter 143 - Dialysis Solutions and Replacement Fluids
Chapter 144 - Starting and Stopping Renal Replacement Therapy in the Critically Ill
Chapter 145 - The Concept of Renal Replacement Therapy Dose and Efficiency
Chapter 146 - Quantification of Acute Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 147 - Principles of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Used in Extracorporeal Therapies
Chapter 148 - Ethical Considerations in Acute Renal Replacement Therapy
Section 24: Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapies
Chapter 149 - Intermittent Techniques for Acute Dialysis
Chapter 150 - Solute and Water Transport in Hemodialysis: Dialyzers, Flow Distribution, and Cross-Filtration
Chapter 151 - Biocompatibility of the Dialysis System
Chapter 152 - Composition of Hemodialysis Fluid
Chapter 153 - Indications for and Contraindications to Intermittent Hemodialysis in Critically Ill Patients
Chapter 154 - Technical and Clinical Complications of Intermittent Hemodialysis in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 155 - Correction of Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Derangements by Hemodialysis and Derived Techniques
Chapter 156 - Urea Kinetics, Efficiency, and Adequacy of Hemodialysis and Other Intermittent Treatments
Chapter 157 - Assessment of Fluid Status and Body Composition and Control of Fluid Balance With Intermittent Hemodialysis in the Critically Ill Patient
Chapter 158 - Outcomes of Intermittent Hemodialysis in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 159 - Hybrid Dialysis Techniques in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 160 - The Role of Plasmapheresis in Critical Illness
Chapter 161 - Cascade Filtration for ABO Incompatible Transplant
Chapter 162 - Nursing Issues and Procedures in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Section 25: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies (CRRT)
Chapter 163 - Indications for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Renal Replacement Versus Renal Support
Chapter 164 - Beginning and Ending Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 165 - Solute and Water Kinetics in Continuous Therapies
Chapter 166 - Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Modalities and Their Selection
Chapter 167 - Vascular Access for Acute Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 168 - Anticoagulation Strategies for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 169 - Nursing Strategies to Prevent Coagulation of the Extracorporeal Circuit
Chapter 170 - Adequacy of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Prescription and Delivery
Chapter 171 - High-Volume Hemofiltration in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 172 - Pulse High-Volume Hemofiltration in Management of Critically Ill Patients With Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock
Chapter 173 - High Cutoff Membranes for Mediators Removal
Chapter 174 - Clinical Effects of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies
Chapter 175 - Antibiotic Adjustment in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 176 - Nomenclature: Basic Principles
Chapter 177 - Nomenclature: Techniques
Section 26: Peritoneal Dialysis in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 178 - Peritoneal Dialysis System
Chapter 179 - Indications, Contraindications, and Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Renal Failure
Chapter 180 - Solute and Water Transport Across the Peritoneal Barrier
Chapter 181 - Choice of Peritoneal Dialysis Technique: Intermittent or Continuous
Chapter 182 - Correction of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Derangements by Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 183 - Feasibility, Efficiency, and Adequacy of Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 184 - Clinical Results and Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 185 - Treatment of Peritonitis and Other Clinical Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis in the Critically Ill Patient
Chapter 186 - Comparison of Peritoneal Dialysis With Other Treatments for Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 187 - Continuous-Flow Peritoneal Dialysis as Acute Therapy
Chapter 188 - Nursing and Procedure Issues in Peritoneal Dialysis
Section 27: Extracorporeal Blood Purification Techniques Beyond Dialysis
Chapter 189 - Sorbents: From Basic Structure to Clinical Application
Chapter 190 - Therapeutic Apheresis in Critically Ill Patients: Indications, Modalities and Techniques, Clinical Results
Chapter 191 - Extracorporeal Blood Purification Techniques Beyond Dialysis: Coupled Plasmafiltration-Adsorption
Chapter 192 - Prometheus System
Chapter 193 - Toraymyxin and Other Endotoxin Adsorption Systems
Chapter 194 - Plasmafiltration-Adsorption-Dialysis System
Chapter 195 - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Cardiac Support
Chapter 196 - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Pulmonary Support
Chapter 197 - Cell-Based Therapies
Section 28: Critical Care Nephrology in Pediatrics
Chapter 198 - Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 199 - Epidemiology of Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 200 - Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury in Children: Conservative Management to Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 201 - Technical Aspects of Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 202 - Multiple Organ Dysfunction in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 203 - Drug Dosing in Pediatric Acute Kidney Insufficiency and Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 204 - Nutrition of Critically Ill Children With Acute Renal Failure
Chapter 205 - Outcome of Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 206 - Renal Replacement Therapy for the Critically Ill Infant
Chapter 207 - Neonatal Hyperammonemia and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 208 - Modified Ultrafiltration in Pediatric Heart Surgery
Chapter 209 - Techniques and Machines for Pediatric Renal Replacement Therapy
Chapter 210 - Antibiotics in Critically Ill Newborns and Children: Nephrotoxicity and Management During Renal Replacement Therapy
Section 29: Kidney Transplantation and Critical Care
Chapter 211 - Patient Selection and Pretransplantation Care for Kidney Transplant Recipients
Chapter 212 - Kidney Support and Perioperative Care in Kidney Transplantation
Chapter 213 - Acute Renal Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Section 30: Special Kidney Problems in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 214 - Management of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 215 - Management of Patients with Diabetes in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 216 - Diagnosis and Management of Acute Kidney Injury in the Emergency Department
Chapter 217 - Anticancer Drugs and the Kidney
Chapter 218 - Antiinflammatory Drugs and the Kidney
Chapter 219 - Calcineurin Inhibitors and Other Immunosuppressive Drugs and the Kidney
Chapter 220 - Alternative Medicine and Chinese Herbs and the Kidney
Chapter 221 - Environment, Smoking, Obesity, and the Kidney
Chapter 222 - Lead and Heavy Metals and the Kidney
Chapter 223 - Statins and the Kidney
Chapter 224 - Erythropoietin Therapy in Critically Ill and Acute Kidney Injury Patients
Chapter 225 - Vasoactive Drugs, Renal Function, and Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 226 - End Points for Clinical Trials in Acute Kidney Injury
Chapter 227 - Hypothermia and the Kidney
Chapter 228 - Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers and Acute Kidney Injury
