Primarily for courses in American music, popular music, or rock music; and also appropriate for courses in ethnic studies.   Through a blended historical, ethnic, and musical approach, with a strong contemporary focus and the inclusion of a wide variety of musical styles from American society's broad ethnic groups, this text meets the needs of the new generation of faculty and students by more accurately reflecting the diverse musical traditions of the United States.   Elizabeth Barkley wrote this book to meet the needs of today’s more diverse student population.  Returning to the classroom after nine years as an academic Dean, she was aware of the student demographic changes, but unprepared for the pedagogical implications of those changes.  As she struggled to engage her students in a traditional music survey course, they looked bored and apathetic and it was then that she knew she had to find a better way.  As a result, she created a new course called The Musics of Multicultural America, based on her analysis that an important characteristic that seemed to unify her students was “Americanness.”   Working with UC Berkeley’s Center for the Study of American Cultures, she developed a course that traced a variety of contemporary musics such as rock `n’ roll, salsa, gospel, blues, jazz, Cajun, zydeco, and Tejano from their roots in the music traditions of immigrant groups to their hybridization and development into uniquely new American musics. Soon her classes were filled with enthusiastic students who had enrolled on the recommendation of former students, friends and counselors.  The traditional survey course had averaged anywhere from 40 to 60 students per year; in 2005-06, the capped annual enrollment was at 1,250. This textbook is the result of her work developing materials for that course.

Table of Contents:
Preface   Part I:  The Journeys Begin   Chapter 1: Music in Multicultural America             The Components of American Multiculturalism                         Culture                         Ethnicity and Culture                         Race and Culture                         Acculturation and Assimilation into American Society                         The United States Today             American Multiculturalism and American Music                         The Building Blocks of Music             Conclusion             Bibliography Boxed Features Insight:  The “United States” or “America?” In-Depth Focus: America as the “New World”     Chapter 2:  The Music of Native Americans                         Native American Origins             Overview of Pre-Conquest Music Traditions                         Challenges to Studying Pre-Conquest Native American Music                         Commonalities among Native Music Traditions Structural Characteristics Native American Music Within A Historical and Social Context: The Fifteenth — Nineteenth Centuries             Native American Cultural Diversity             Contact with Europeans in the Colonial Period             Native Americans and the United States of America             Impact of Europeans on Native Culture and Music Traditions             Native Americans in the Twentieth Century                         Pan-Indian Music                         Native Americans Today             Conclusion             Bibliography Boxed Features             Profile:  Douglas Spotted Eagle             Insight: Native American or Indian?             Listening Guide:  “Rabbit Dance”   Chapter 3:  The Roots of European/Anglo-American Music             Overview of European-American Music Traditions                         Commonalities of European-American Music             Early Anglo-American Music Traditions                         The Structural Characteristics of Anglo-American Folk Music             Anglo-American Music within a Social and Historical Context                         Religious Music of the Colonial Period                         Folk Music of the Early Settlers                         The Americanization of British Folk Songs                         Instrumental Music of the Early Settlers                         Conflict and the Road to Revolution                         The Founding of a New Nation Boxed Features             Insight: Understanding the Term “Anglo-American”             Listening Guide: “Barbara Allen”             In-Depth Focus: Famous Patriotic Songs             Insight: The American Tradition of Square Dance Calling Profile: The Carter Family   Chapter 4: The Roots of African-American Music                         African-American Origins                         Challenges to Retaining African Culture             Overview of African Music Traditions                         African Diversity                         African Commonalities             African-American Music within a Historical and Social Context                         Colonial America                         Structural Characteristics of Early African-American Music                         The American Revolution and Striving for Freedom                         The Civil War, Reconstruction, and the Late Nineteenth Century             Conclusion             Bibliography Boxed Features             Insight:  “African-Americans” or “Blacks?”             Listening Guide: “Drum Rhythms”             Insight: The Double Language of Spirituals             Profile: Huddie Ledbetter “Leadbelly”   Chapter 5: The Roots of Latin American Music                         The First Mexican Americans                         Pre-Conquest and Arrival of the Europeans             Overview of the Music of the Aztecs and Other Indigenous Peoples                         Challenges and Changes in Studying Indigenous Music of Mexico                         Commonalities of Aztec and Other Indigenous Music                         Structural Characteristics of Aztec and Other Indigenous Music             Mexican-American Music in a Historical and Social Context                         The Spanish Colonial Period                         Influence of Colonial System on Mexican Music                         Mexican Independence                         Mexican Northern Provinces become Part of the United States             Mestizo Music Traditions                         Structural Characteristics                         Popular Mestizo Music Styles             Conclusion             Bibliography Boxed Features             Insight: What’s In a Name? The Challenge of Categories             In-Depth Focus: Friars Toribo de Motolinia and Pedro de Gante             Listening Guide: La Llorona             Profile: Linda Ronstadt     Part II:  Encounters at the Crossroads   Chapter 6:  The Blues Overview of the Music Tradition of the Blues                         Origin of the Term “The Blues”                         Stylistic Categories                         The Structural Characteristics of the Blues The Blues in a Historical and Social Context Origin of the Blues to 1900 Spread of the Blues from 1900 to 1920 The 1920s and the Initial Expansion of Blues Styles The 1930s and the Development of Urban Blues The 1940s and Three Important Bluesmen Important Developments in the 1950s The 1960s and British Blues The 1970s to the Present Conclusion Bibliography Boxed Features                         Listening Guide: “Cross Road Blues”                         Insight: The Blues as the Devil’s Music             In-Depth Focus: Dockery Farms and Charlie Patton                         Portrait: B.B. King                         Portrait: Susan Tedeschi             Chapter 7: Jazz                         Jazz:  Primarily African-American or European-American? Overview of the Music Tradition of Jazz                         Stylistic Categories                         Structural Characteristics Jazz in A Historical and Social Context                         Precursors to Jazz: Ragging and Ragtime                         The “Birth of Jazz” in New Orleans: 1865-1917                         The 1920s: The Migration of Jazz Out of New Orleans                         The 1930s and 1940s: The Swing Era                         Vocal Jazz                         The 1940s and 1950s: Bebop                         The 1950s and 1960s: Cool Jazz and Hard Bop                         The 1960s and 1970s: The Avant-Garde, Free Jazz, and Fusion                         The 1980s and 1990s: Classicism, Smooth or Contemporary Jazz, and Acid Jazz Conclusion Bibliography Boxed Features                         Listening Guide: “Take the A Train”                         Insight: The New Orleans Creoles of Color                         Profile: Miles Davis   Chapter 8: Gospel Overview of Gospel Music                         Distinguishing Gospel from Spirituals                         Structural Characteristics Gospel Music in a Historical and Social Context                         The Foundation for the Development of Gospel Music                         The Work of Thomas Dorsey in the 1920s                         The “Birth” of Gospel in Chicago and the 1930s and 1940s                         The Recording and Popularizing of Gospel in the 1950s                         Gospel in the Last Half of the Twentieth Century Conclusion Bibliography Boxed Features                         In-Depth Focus: Camp Meetings, Bush Meetings and “Shouts”                         Listening Guide: “How I Got Over”                         Insight: White Gospel                         Profile: Kirk Franklin   Chapter 9: Cajun and Zydeco Overview of Cajun and Zydeco Music Traditions                         Structural Characteristics Cajun and Zydeco Music in a Social and Historical Context The Roots of Cajun Music Cajun and Creole Music Early in the Twentieth Century                         Cajun Music in the Middle of the Twentieth Century                         Zydeco Conclusion Bibliography Boxed Features                         Profile: Michael Doucet                         Listening Guide: Zydeco   Chapter 10: Country Music Overview of Country Music                         Stylistic Categories                         Structural Characteristics Country Music in a Historical and Social Context                         The 1920s and the Beginnings of “Country” Music                         The 1930s and the Emergence of “Country Western”                         The 1940s with Honky-Tonk and Blue Grass                         The 1950s and the Creation of “The Nashville Sound”                         The 1960s and 1970s                         The 1980s to the Present Conclusion Bibliography Boxed Features                         Listening Guide: “Rocky Top’                         Insight: Country Music’s Inherent Traditionalism                         Profile: Shania Twain   Chapter 11: The Urban Folk Revival Overview of the Music of the Urban Folk Revival                         Renewed Interest in Traditional Music                         Dissemination and Popularization of Traditional Music                         Trends in Folk Music in the Mid-Twentieth Century                         Structural Characteristics The Urban Folk Revival in a Social and Historical Context                         1900-1940                         The 1940s                         The 1950s                         The 1960s Conclusion Bibliography Boxed Features                         Insight: Joe Hill                         In-Depth Focus: Folksong Collecting and John and Alan Lomax                         Profile: Pete Seeger                         Listening Guide: “Barbara Allen”                         Profile: Bob Dylan   Part III:  Excursions in New Directions   Chapter 12:  Rock `n’ Roll Overview of Rock `n’ roll’s Music Characteristics Rock `n’ Roll in a Historical and Social Context                         Changes in the 1940s and 1950s             The Birth of Rock `n’ Roll                         The Primary Musical Influences on Early Rock `n’ roll                         Two Examples of the Fusion of Styles                         Rock `n’ Roll’s First Stars                         Conflicting Reactions to Rock `n’ Roll Later Developments of Rock Conclusion Bibliography Boxed Features                         Listening Guide: “Whole Lotta Shakin Going On”                         In-Depth Focus:  John Mayer and The Search for Superstars   Chapter 13:  Soul, Motown, and Funk Overview of the Musical Characteristics of Soul, Motown and Funk             Soul             Motown             Funk Soul, Motown, and Funk in a Historical and Social Context                         Geographical Centers for Soul Music                         Motown                         Funk Conclusion Bibliography Boxed Features                         Listening Guide “Say It Loud: I’m Black and I’m Proud”                         Profile: Aretha Franklin                         Profile: Brian McKnight   Chapter 14: Salsa, Reggae, and Caribbean Latino Music                         Defining “The Caribbean” Overview of Caribbean Music Traditions                         Structural Characteristics Unifying Caribbean Music                         Specific Music Traditions of Particular Importance to Puerto Rico                         Other Caribbean Music Traditions Caribbean Music Traditions within a Historical and Social Context                         Pre-Conquest and Establishment of Spanish Colonies                         Puerto Rico as an American Territory The Development of Salsa                         The Birth of “Salsa”                         African and European Influences on Salsa                         Salsa’s Increasing Popularity Conclusion Bibliography Boxed Features                         In-Depth Focus: Reggae to Ragga                         Profile: Puerto Rican Roots: Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony                         Profiles: From Cuba:  Tito Puente and Gloria Estefan                         Listening Guide: “Menea La Cintura”   Chapter 15: Tejano, Banda, and Contemporary Mexican-American Music Overview of Twentieth Century Mexican-American Music Traditions                         Stylistic Categories                         Structural Characteristics Twentieth Century Mexican-American Music within a Social and Historical Context                         The First Half of the Twentieth Century                         The Second Half of the Twentieth Century                         The Late Twentieth Century Conclusion Bibliography Boxed Features                         Listening Guide: “El Tamal”                         Profile: Carlos Santana   Chapter 16:  Asian American Music                         Challenges and Issues in Discussing Asian Americans and Asian-American Music                         The Three Periods of Asian Immigration                         Current Asian Communities in the United States Asian-American Music within a Social and Historical Context                         Chinese Americans                         Filipino Americans                         Indian and Pakistani Americans                         Vietnamese Americans                         Korean Americans                         Japanese Americans Asian-American Music in the Last Half of the Twentieth Century to the Present Conclusion Bibliography Boxed Features                         In-Depth Focus: The Chinese Lion Dance                         Profile: Yo-Yo Ma                         Listening Guide: “Hard Times (Come Again No More)”   Chapter 17: Hip-Hop and rap Overview of Hip-Hop and Rap Music Traditions                         Defining Hip-Hop and Rap                         Stylistic Categories of Rap Rap and Hip-Hop in a Social and Historical Context                         Roots of Rap in African and African-American Oral Traditions The Earliest Hip-Hop and Rap            The Context for the Rise in Popularity of Rap Shift in Rap from Party Music to Social Commentary Hip-Hop and Rap become More Mainstream The Growth of Hardcore Rap The 2001 Hip-Hop Summit Conclusion Bibliography Boxed Features                         Profile: Tupac Shakur                         Listening Guide: “The Breaks”                         Profile: Jay-Z   Epilogue   Photo Credits   Index