This book is essential for understanding the transformative integration of cyber-physical systems in smart grids, providing valuable insights that will shape the future of sustainable energy production and distribution.
A novel modeling methodology that blends cyber and physical components is a significant advancement for future energy systems. A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is an integrated component of physical microgrids that combines computers, wireless connections, and controls to create a holistic solution. As a result of cyber-physical systems, a new generation of engineering systems incorporating wireless communication has begun to emerge. Despite that there are various major CPS systems in use today, one of the most challenging sectors for implementation is the smart grid which aims to distribute dependable and efficient electric energy while maintaining a high level of global environmental sustainability.
Smart grids incorporate advanced monitoring to ensure a secure, efficient energy supply, enhancing generator and distributor performance while offering consumers more choices. These systems aim to boost the capacity and responsiveness of energy production, transmission, distribution, and consumption. As renewable energy sources grow, traditional methods are being challenged, requiring cross-domain integration of energy systems and data. This book explores architectures and methods for integrating cutting-edge technology into the power grid for more sustainable energy production and distribution.
Table of Contents:
Preface xxi
1 Cyber-Physical Systems: A Control and Energy Approach 1
Shaik Mahaboob Basha, Gajanan Shankarrao Patange, V. Arulkumar, J. V. N. Ramesh and A. V. Prabu
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Studies on CPES Safety 10
1.3 Threat Evaluation 18
1.4 Theory of Cyber-Physical Systems Risk 20
1.5 Threat Evaluation Methodology 22
1.5.1 Cyber-System Layer 25
1.6 Experimental Setup for Cross-Layer Firmware Threats 28
2 Optimization Techniques for Energy Management in Microgrid 37
Shenbaga Bharatha Priya A., Indra Singh Bisht, N. Balambigai, Sumit Kataria and R. Ramalakshmi
2.1 Introduction 38
2.2 Explanation Methods for EMS 55
2.3 EQN EMS on an Arithmetic Optimization Basis 57
2.4 Heuristic-Oriented Methods to EMS Problem-Solving 60
2.5 EMS Solution Techniques Using Meta-Heuristics 60
2.6 Alternative EMS Implementation Strategies 62
2.7 Conclusion and Viewpoints 67
3 Cyber-Physical Energy Systems for Smart Grid: Reliable Distribution 71
Jyoti Parashar, A. Devipriya, R. Lokeshkumar, J.V.N. Ramesh and Arindam Pal
3.1 Introduction 72
3.2 Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES) 74
3.3 Forming Energy Systems 76
3.4 Energy Efficiency 77
3.5 Smart Grids 79
3.6 Cyber-Physical Systems 81
3.7 SG: A CPS Viewpoint 84
3.8 Upcoming Prospects and Contests 93
3.9 Conclusion 100
4 Evolution of AI in CPS: Enhancing Technical Capabilities and Human Interactions 103
Namya Musthafa, P. Suresh and Yazid Musthafa
4.1 Introduction to Cyber-Physical System 104
4.2 The Cyber-Physical Systems Architecture 105
4.3 Cyber-Physical Systems as Real-Time Applications 109
4.4 Impact of AI on Cyber-Physical Systems 114
4.5 Policies 116
4.6 Expected Benefits and Core Promises 117
4.7 Unintended Consequences and Implications for Policy 118
4.8 Employment and Delegation of Tasks 123
4.9 Safety, Responsibility, and Liability 123
4.10 Privacy Concerns 124
4.11 Social Relations 127
4.12 Economic Study on CPS 133
4.13 Case Studies 137
4.14 Conclusion 143
5 IoT Technology Enables Sophisticated Energy Management in Smart Factory 147
Deependra Rastogi, Prashant Johri, Swati Verma, Vanita Garg and Hradesh Kumar
5.1 Introduction 148
5.2 IOT Overview 151
5.3 IOT Enabling Technology 156
5.4 IOT in Energy Sector 160
5.5 Challenges of Applying IOT 164
5.6 Reference Architecture for IoT-Based Smart Factory 164
5.7 Characteristics of Smart Factory 168
5.8 Challenges for IoT-Based Smart Industry 169
5.9 How IoT Will Support Energy Management in Smart Factory 170
5.10 IoT Energy Management Architecture for Industrial Applications 171
5.11 Case Study: Smart Factory 174
5.12 Conclusion 177
6 IOT-Based Advanced Energy Management in Smart Factories 183
M. Nalini, Dhanashree Varadharajan, Nithyashree Natarajan and Yogabhuvaneswari Umasankar
6.1 Introduction 184
6.2 Smart Factory Benefits of IOT-Based Advanced Energy Management 185
6.3 Role of IOT Technology in Energy Management 186
6.4 Developing an IOT Information Model for Energy Efficiency 186
6.5 Integrating Intelligent Energy Systems (IES) and Demand Response (DR) 187
6.6 How to Accurately Measure and Manage Your Energy Usage 187
6.7 Introduction to Energy Efficiency Measures 188
6.8 Identifying Opportunities to Reduce Energy Use 188
6.9 Monitoring and Measuring Energy Usage 189
6.10 Establishing Accounting and Incentives 190
6.11 Sustaining the Long-Term Benefits of Optimized Energy Usage 190
6.12 Role of Cyber Security When Implementing IoT-Based Advanced Energy Solutions 191
6.13 Materials Required in Smart Factories 192
6.14 Methods in IoT-Based Smart Factory Implementation 197
6.15 Steps for Developing an IoT-Based Energy Management System 204
6.16 Challenges For Adopting IoT-Based Energy Management Systems 205
6.17 Recommendations for Overcoming the Challenges With Implementing IoT-Based Advanced Energy Solution 206
6.18 Case Studies 207
6.19 Case Studies for Successful Implementation 208
6.20 Applications 208
6.21 Different Techniques for Monitoring and Control of IoT Devices 212
6.22 Literature Survey 212
6.23 Conclusion 215
7 Challenges in Ensuring Security for Smart Energy Management Systems Based on CPS 217
V. M. Meera and K. P. Arjun
7.1 Introduction 218
7.2 Cyber-Physical Systems and Smart Energy Management 220
7.3 Security Challenges in CPS-Based Smart Energy Management 235
7.4 Cyber Security Standards and Guidelines for Smart Energy Management 247
7.5 Conclusion 252
8 Security Challenges in CPS-Based Smart Energy Management 255
Lucia Agnes Beena T., Vinolyn Vijaykumar and Mercy P.
8.1 Introduction 256
8.2 CPS Architecture 257
8.3 The Driving Forces for CPS 262
8.4 Advances in Cyber-Physical Systems 265
8.5 Energy Management through CPS 271
8.6 Security Issues in CPS 277
8.7 Open Challenges and Future Directions 283
8.8 Conclusion 286
9 Blockchain-Based Energy Transmission System: Design, Optimization, and Data-Driven Modeling 291
Prabha Selvaraj, Rohit Kumar Das, Vijay Kumar Burugari, Ganesh Reddy Karri, Kanmani P. and Anupama Namburu
9.1 Introduction 292
9.2 Literature Review 294
9.3 Case Study and Application 304
9.4 Conclusion 317
10 Explainable AI Technology in E-CPS: Policy Design, Economic Research, and Case Studies 325
Thangaraja Arumugam, Saritha Bantu, Yeligeti Raju, Renuka Deshmukh and B. Raja Mannar
10.1 Introduction 326
10.2 E-CPS Arrangement 327
10.3 Case Study: Method Depiction 329
10.4 Transformation of the Power Infrastructure 335
10.5 Power Managing Structures 341
10.6 Protection Policies 350
10.7 Urgent Need for Effective Governance of AI and e-CPS 351
10.8 Conclusions 352
11 Infrastructural Data Visualization and Improved User Interfaces of Energy Consumption in Smart Cities 357
Prabha Selvaraj, Kanmani P., T.Y.J. Naga Malleswari, Vijay Kumar Burugari and S. Sudheer Mangalampalli
11.1 Introduction 358
11.2 Literature Review 364
11.3 Visualization Tools and Interfaces Used in Smart Cities Using IoT 367
11.4 Energy Representation Frameworks 368
11.5 Materials and Methods 369
11.6 Case Study and Applications 384
11.7 Factors for the Improvement of Energy Efficacy in Smart Cites 389
11.8 Conclusion and Future Scope 391
12 Power Management in Intelligent Buildings Based on Daily Demand Prediction 399
V. Geethapriya, D. Sivamani, D. Shyam, A. Sangari, M. Manish, Prasheetha and Divina Julia
12.1 Introduction 399
12.3 Working Task of Power Management System 405
12.4 Simulation Model of Power Management System 406
12.5 Hardware Implementation of Power Management System 408
12.6 Safety Precautions in Smart Building Implementation 411
12.7 Conclusion 412
13 Schemes and Security Attacks on the Integrity of Cyber-Physical Systems in Energy Systems 415
Rajesh Kumar, Charanjeet Singh, Yeligeti Raju, Pratap Patil and K. Saravanan
13.1 Introduction 416
13.2 CPS Safety Methodologies 420
13.3 Shielding in Contradiction of Information Safety Assaults 426
13.4 Scheme Variants 428
13.5 Supervised Learning in Depth 431
13.6 Discussion 441
13.7 Conclusion 442
14 Adaptive Power System Resource Management in Cyber-Physical Energy Systems 445
Virendra Singh Kushwah, Indra Singh Bisht, Charanjeet Singh, K. Gurnadha Gupta and K. Suresh
14.1 Introduction 446
14.2 CPES Structures 450
14.3 Development of CPES Structures 452
14.4 Resource Management in Socio-CPS 456
14.6 The Integrated Modelling Platform for the CPES 458
14.7 Assault from Without and Compounding Collapse 461
14.8 The Combination of Assault and Defence 463
14.9 Case Studies 467
14.10 Conclusions and Future Work 473
15 Cyber-Physical Energy Systems for Electric Vehicles 477
ShaikMahaboob Basha, Akilandeswari P., Suguna M., Prakash D., Biruntha S. and Vivekanandan P.
15.1 Introduction 478
15.2 Suggested Type 482
15.3 Outcomes from Experiments and Simulations 489
15.4 Discussion 495
15.5 Conclusion 497
16 Design and Implementation of IoT-Based Advanced Energy Management System for Smart Factory 501
S. Jayanthi, N. Suresh Kumar, Zafar Ali Khan N., S. Sreenatha Reddy, R. Santhosh and Pachipala Yellamma
16.1 Introduction 502
16.2 Challenges Faced by Factories Today 506
16.3 Home Energy Management Systems (HEMSs) 509
16.4 Micro Grid for Integration of Several Sources and Storage 510
16.5 Proposed Robust Energy Management System for Smart Factories 521
16.6 Conclusion 523
16.7 Future Trends 524
References 525
Index 529
