This third volume of the best-selling "Data Model Resource Book" series revolutionizes the data modeling discipline by answering the question "How can you save significant time while improving the quality of any type of data modeling effort?" In contrast to the first two volumes, this new volume focuses on the fundamental, underlying patterns that affect over 50 percent of most data modeling efforts. These patterns can be used to considerably reduce modeling time and cost, to jump-start data modeling efforts, as standards and guidelines to increase data model consistency and quality, and as an objective source against which an enterprise can evaluate data models.
Table of Contents:
Foreword xxv
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Why Is There a Need for This Book? 1
Extending the Discipline of Data Modeling 4
What Is a Pattern and What Is a Universal Pattern? 5
What Is the Significance of Patterns? 6
Approach of This Book 6
The Different Pattern Levels 7
Who Is the Intended Audience for This Book? 14
What Is in This Book 15
Other Patterns for Data Modeling 17
Conventions and Standards Used in This Book 18
Entities 18
Subtypes and Supertypes 19
Attributes 20
Relationships 22
Relationship Optionality 23
Relationship Cardinality 25
Foreign Key Relationships 26
Associative Entities to Handle Many-to-Many Relationships 26
Exclusive Arcs 27
Example Data in Illustration Tables 28
Data Modeling Notation 29
Summary 33
References 33
Chapter 2 Setting Up Roles: What Parties Do 35
What Is the Significance of This Type of Pattern? 36
What Is in This Chapter? 36
What Is a Declarative Role? 37
Level 1 Declarative Role Pattern 38
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 40
How Does This Pattern Work? 41
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 44
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 45
Synopsis 46
Level 2 Declarative Role Pattern 47
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 48
How Does This Pattern Work? 48
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 53
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 54
Synopsis 55
Level 3 Declarative Role Pattern 56
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 56
How Does This Pattern Work? 57
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 63
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 64
Synopsis 65
Summary of Patterns 65
References 69
Chapter 3 Using Roles: How Parties Are Involved 71
What Is the Significance of This Type of Pattern? 72
What Is in This Chapter? 72
What Is a Contextual Role? 73
Level 1 Contextual Role Pattern, Attributes 74
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 74
How Does This Pattern Work? 76
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 78
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 79
Synopsis 80
Level 1 Contextual Role Pattern, Relationships 80
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 81
How Does This Pattern Work? 81
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 87
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 87
Synopsis 88
Level 2 Contextual Role Pattern 88
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 89
How Does This Pattern Work? 89
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 97
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 98
Synopsis 99
Level 2 Contextual Role Pattern, PARTY Only Alternative 99
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 100
How Does This Pattern Work? 100
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 106
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 106
Synopsis 107
Level 3 Contextual Role Pattern 107
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 108
How Does This Pattern Work? 108
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 114
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 115
Synopsis 116
Hybrid Contextual Role Pattern 117
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 117
How Does This Pattern Work? 118
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 123
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 123
Synopsis 124
Summary of Patterns 124
References 131
Chapter 4 Hierarchies, Aggregations, and Peer-to-Peer Relationships: The Organization of Similar Data 133
What Is the Significance of This Type of Pattern? 133
What Is in This Chapter? 134
What Is a Recursive Relationship and How Is Data Organized by Recursive Relationships? 134
Level 1 Recursive Pattern 138
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 138
How Does This Pattern Work? 139
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 144
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 145
Synopsis 145
Level 2 Recursive Pattern 146
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 146
How Does This Pattern Work? 147
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 152
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 153
Synopsis 154
Level 2 Expanded Recursive Pattern 155
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 155
How Does This Pattern Work? 156
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 162
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 162
Synopsis 163
Level 3 Recursive Pattern 164
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 165
How Does This Pattern Work? 165
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 170
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 171
Synopsis 172
Level 3 Recursive Pattern with Rules 173
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 173
How Does This Pattern Work? 174
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 179
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 180
Synopsis 180
Summary of Patterns 180
References 186
Chapter 5 Types and Categories: the Classification of Data 187
What Is the Significance of This Type of Pattern? 187
What Is in This Chapter? 188
What Are Types, Categorizations, and Taxonomies? 189
Level 1 Classification Pattern 190
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 190
How Does This Pattern Work? 190
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 195
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 196
Synopsis 197
Level 2 Classification Pattern 197
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 197
How Does This Pattern Work? 198
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 205
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 206
Synopsis 207
Level 3 Classification Pattern 208
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 208
How Does This Pattern Work? 208
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 219
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 220
Synopsis 221
Level 3 Classification Pattern with Rollups and Schemes 222
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 222
How Does This Pattern Work? 223
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 229
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 230
Synopsis 230
Summary of Patterns 230
References 235
Chapter 6 Status: The States of Data 237
What Is the Significance of This Type of Pattern? 238
What Is in This Chapter? 239
What Is a Status? 240
Level 1 Status Pattern 244
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 245
How Does This Pattern Work? 246
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 251
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 253
Synopsis 253
Level 2 Status Pattern, Current Status 254
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 255
How Does This Pattern Work? 255
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 260
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 260
Synopsis 261
Level 3 Status Pattern 261
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 261
How Does This Pattern Work? 262
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 267
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 267
Synopsis 268
Level 4 Status Pattern 269
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 269
How Does This Pattern Work? 269
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 277
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 278
Synopsis 279
Status Category Pattern 280
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 280
How Does This Pattern Work? 280
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 282
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 285
Synopsis 285
Status Type with Multi Rollup and Rules Pattern 286
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 286
How Does This Pattern Work? 287
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 293
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 294
Synopsis 294
Summary of Patterns 294
References 301
Chapter 7 Contact Mechanisms: How to Get in Touch 303
What Is the Significance of This Type of Pattern? 303
What Is in This Chapter? 304
What Is a Contact Mechanism? 305
Level 1 Contact Mechanism Pattern 308
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 309
How Does This Pattern Work? 310
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 321
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 322
Synopsis 323
Level 2 Contact Mechanism Pattern 324
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 325
How Does This Pattern Work? 325
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 342
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 343
Synopsis 344
Level 3 Contact Mechanism Pattern 345
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 346
How Does This Pattern Work? 346
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 361
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 361
Synopsis 362
Level 4 Contact Mechanism Pattern 364
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 364
How Does This Pattern Work? 364
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 378
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 378
Synopsis 379
Contact Mechanism Pattern with Geographic Boundary 380
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 381
How Does This Pattern Work? 384
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 389
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 390
Synopsis 390
Contact Mechanism with Flexible Address Parts Pattern 391
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 393
How Does This Pattern Work? 394
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 398
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 398
Synopsis 399
Other Common Contact Mechanism Data 399
Non-Solicitation 400
Instructions 401
Directions 402
Telephone Extensions 402
Synopsis 403
Summary of Patterns 403
References 410
Chapter 8 Business Rules: How Things Should Work 411
What Is the Significance of This Type of Pattern? 411
What Is in This Chapter? 414
What Is a Business Rule? 415
Level 2 Business Rules Pattern 417
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 417
How Does This Pattern Work? 419
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 442
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 444
Synopsis 444
Level 3 Business Rules Pattern 446
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 446
How Does This Pattern Work? 447
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 460
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 461
Synopsis 461
Business Rules with Party Roles 462
Why Do We Need This Pattern? 462
How Do These Patterns Work? 463
When Should This Pattern Be Used? 465
What Are the Weaknesses of the Pattern? 465
Synopsis 465
Summary of Patterns 465
References 468
Chapter 9 Using the Patterns 469
What Is in This Chapter? 470
The Scenario 471
Prototype Models, Scope Statements 472
The Scenario for These Models 472
How Do These Models Work? 473
Why Do We Do It This Way? 478
What Are the Strengths of Using Patterns for the Solution? 481
What Are the Weaknesses of Using Patterns for the Solution? 482
Synopsis 483
Application Data Models 483
The Scenario for This Model 484
How Do These Models Work? 484
Why Do We Do It This Way? 488
What Are the Strengths of Using Patterns for the Solution? 490
What Are the Weaknesses of Using Patterns for the Solution? 491
Synopsis 492
Enterprise Data Models 492
The Scenario for This Model 495
How Do These Models Work? 498
Why Do We Do It This Way? 501
What Are the Strengths of Using Patterns for the Solution? 501
What Are the Weaknesses of Using Patterns for the Solution? 502
Synopsis 502
Data Warehouse Models 503
The Scenario for This Model 504
Data Warehouse Data Models — Relational Approach 506
How Do These Models Work? 507
Why Do We Do It This Way? 513
What Are the Strengths of Using Patterns for the Solution? 514
What Are the Weaknesses of Using Patterns for the Solution? 515
Synopsis 515
Data Warehouse/Data Mart Data Models — Star Schemas 516
How Do These Models Work? 516
Why Do We Do It This Way? 527
What Are the Strengths of Using Patterns for the Solution? 528
What Are the Weaknesses of Using Patterns for the Solution? 529
Synopsis 530
Master Data Management 530
The Scenario for This Model 530
How Does This Model Work? 534
Why Do We Do It This Way? 543
What Are the Strengths of Using Patterns for the Solution? 544
What Are the Weaknesses of Using Patterns for the Solution? 545
Synopsis 545
Other Thoughts Regarding Using the Patterns 546
Physical Database Design 546
Other Applications for Patterns 547
Other Considerations When Using Generalized Patterns 547
Summary of Using the Patterns 548
References 552
Chapter 10 Socializing the Patterns 553
What Is the Significance of Socializing the Patterns? 554
What Is in This Chapter? 554
Experiences Using and Socializing These Patterns 555
What Makes the Difference In Socializing the Patterns? 558
Understanding Motivations — Why Would Someone Use or Not Use the Patterns? 559
Creating a Clear, Common, Compelling Purpose and Vision for Using the Patterns 566
Developing Trust so People Can Rely on the Patterns 569
Managing Resistance and/or Conflict Regarding Patterns 573
Other Comments about Socializing the Patterns 580
Patterns May Need to Be Socialized in Many Types of Circumstances 581
What about Upper-Level Management Commitment? 581
What Is the Return on Investment Regarding Using These Patterns? 582
Summary 584
References 585
Index 587
