Intended for advanced reading skills courses, Design in Reading is the only text that promotes critical thinking by focusing on two of the most common difficulties students have in accessing college level material — understanding the author's purpose and recognizing the main idea. This integrated approach of idea and purpose thus allows students to know not only what they are reading, but why. With this foundation in place, the students are ready to master higher level thinking skills introduced in the text: recognizing tone, distinguishing fact and opinion, evaluating evidence, and recognizing basic fallacies in reasoning. The text integrates the concepts of main idea and organization by identifying a core of main idea types and pattern elements. Students learn that there are different kinds of main ideas and that the kind of idea being formed determines the pattern of development an author chooses. Throughout, students practice recognizing and mapping these idea patterns. Part 1 introduces students to recognizing and working with these patterns in sentences, paragraphs, and short passages. Parts 2 and 3 present eight kinds of main ideas as the controlling ideas for longer passages and full-length articles.

Table of Contents:
Each chapter includes “Chapter Preview” and “Chapter Review.” To the Instructor. To the Student. I.READING FOR INFORMATION. 1.The Elements of Reading. Topical Organization. Main Ideas. Supporting Details. Tracking the Main Idea. Using Signals to Locate Main Ideas. Eight Kinds of Ideas. Reading Portfolio: An Ongoing Term Activity. 2.Patterns of Development. Pattern Elements and Signal Words. Divided Main Ideas. Eight Patterns: Transitions and Development. Paragraphs and Paragraph Units. Reading Portfolio: Developing a Filing System. 3.Making Inferences. Inferring and Implying. Ildefonso, Susan Schaller. Using Inference to Complete Main Idea Patterns. Inference in Literature. Fear, Gary Soto. Inference in Context Vocabulary. Saved, Malcolm X. Implied Main Ideas. Tasha's Story, Linda Ellerbee. Reading Portfolio: “Mad/Sad/Glad.” 4.Mastering Factual Information. Study Skills: Organizing and Retaining Information. Previewing Whip Smart: Tricks of the Trade for Better Grades, Lamar Graham. Whip Smart: Tricks of the Trade for Better Grades, Lamar Graham. The Art of Summarizing. Latchkey Children, Lester Lefton. The Technique of Paraphrasing. Reading Portfolio: An Information Article. II.FROM INFORMATION TO PROOF. 5.Facts, Opinions, and Beliefs. Representing Factual Information through Graphics. Distinguishing Fact, Opinion, and Belief. Evaluating Evidence. Giving Support to Opinions. Previewing The Great American Vandal, John Keats. The Great American Vandal, John Keats. Purpose and Tone. Frames of Reference. Previewing from Part One: Southern Night, Richard Wright. From Part One: Southern Night, Richard Wright. Reading Portfolio: Evaluating Fact, Opinion, and Belief. 6.Description and Support. Descriptive Statements. What Are the Characteristics of Successful Students? David Schultz. Reference Frameworks: The Academic Connection 1. Emotional Appeals and Logical Fallacies. Description and Support: Beyond the Paragraph. Previewing A Man of Fire and Grace: Arthur Ashe 1943-1993, Paul A. Witteman. A Man of Fire and Grace: Arthur Ashe 1943-1993, Paul A. Witteman. Previewing Living Up to Barbie's Standards Haunts Girls, Anna Quindlen. Living Up to Barbie's Standards Haunts Girls, Anna Quindlen. Previewing Their Fight for Freedom at Home, Neil Henry. Their Fight for Freedom at Home, Neil Henry. Word Parts 1: Unlocking the Meaning of Words. Reading Portfolio: A Profile Article. 7.Time Sequence. Time Sequence: Narrative History. Previewing Civilize Them with a Stick, Mary Crow Dog. Civilize Them with a Stick, Mary Crow Dog. Time Sequence: Origins. Previewing Kleenex Tissues: 1924, United States, Charles Panati. Kleenex Tissues: 1924, United Stated, Charles Panati. Word Parts 2: Time Indicators. “How To” Process. Previewing Fixing Leaks, David Mas Masumoto. Fixing Leaks, David Mas Masumoto. Reading Portfolio: A Time Sequence Article. 8.Cause and Effect. Pattern Variation in Cause and Effect. Cause and Effect: Articles for Analysis. Previewing A Spoonful of Sugar, Mary Hegarty Nowlan, Elizabeth Hiser, and Marsha Hudnall. A Spoonful of Sugar, Mary Hegarty Nowlan, Elizabeth Hiser, and Marsha Hudnall. Reference Frameworks: The Academic Connection 2. Previewing Organizer Reduces Life to a Book, Betsy Bates. Organizer Reduces Life to a Book, Betsy Bates. The Faulty Causation Fallacy. “How To” Advice. Previewing Does Your Body Talk to You? Diane Hales and Dr. Robert Hales. Does Your Body Talk to You? Diane Hales and Dr. Robert Hales. Reading Portfolio: A Cause/Effect Article. 9.Patterns of Analysis. Reference Frameworks: The Academic Connection 3. Section One: Classification. Previewing U.S. Census Fuels Great Debate, Betty Liu Ebron. U.S. Census Fuels Great Debate, Betty Liu Ebron. Classification: Identification and Subdivision. Previewing How to Survive a Sicko Supervisor, Monte Williams. How to Survive a Sicko Supervisor, Monte Williams. Fallacies Related to Classification. Section Two: Whole/Part Structure. Whole/Part: Physical Structure. Previewing The Spear, Victor Davis Hanson. The Spear, Victor Davis Hanson. Whole/Part: Nonphysical Structure. Previewing Marriage as a Group Effort, Dympna Ugwu-Oju. Marriage as a Group Effort, Dympna Ugwu-Oju. Word Parts 3: Space and Structure Relationships. Reading Portfolio: Classification or Whole/Part Analysis. 10.Comparison and Contrast. Comparison and Contrast: Fact and Opinion. Previewing Stop the Clock, Amy Wu. Stop the Clock, Amy Wu. Figurative Language: Simile, Metaphor, Analogy. Word Parts 4: Comparison and Contrast. Comparison and Contrast: Culture and Identity. Previewing Lalita Mashi, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni. Lalita Mashi, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni. Comparison and Contrast: Fallacies and Emotional Appeals. Reading Portfolio: Comparison and Contrast. III.PERSUASION TO ACTION. 11.Problems and Solutions. Pattern Elements in Problem/Solution. Components in Problem/Solution Analysis. Problem Area: Educating America's Children. Reference Frameworks: Public Issues and Political Positions. Link between After-School Hours, Teen Mischief Bears Notice, Ellen Goodman. Reasons Many for Black Student's Scores, William Raspberry. Problem and Solution: Humor and Irony. Pounded by Gravity? Lighten Up, Dave Barry. Problem/Solution: Two Potential Fallacies. Reading Portfolio: A Problem/Solution Article. 12.Opinions and Reasons. Pattern Elements in Opinion/Reason. Reading between the Lines. Fallacies Common to Opinion/Reason. Opinion/Reason Issue Area 1: Personal Freedoms. Zipped Lips, Barbara Ehrenreich. Opinion/Reason Issue Area 2: Education. All A's Are Not Equal, Albert Shanker. In Praise of the `F' Word, Mary Sherry. Opinion/Reason in Editorial Cartoons. Reading Portfolio: Opinion/Reason Article. 13.Detecting Disinformation. Manipulation in Advertising. How to Analyze an Ad, Phil Sudo. Fairness in Advertising. Selling to School Kids, from Consumer Reports. Beyond the Bounds: Bogus Offers. Beware of GUARANTEED Sweepstake Winners, Sharon Walsh. Behind the Mask: Deceit in Relationships. Stop the Manipulative Trickery, Faith Nitschke. Propaganda: A Capacity for Sheer Evil. War Propaganda, Adolf Hitler. Reading Portfolio: Analyzing Disinformation.