All the Knowledge You Need to Build Cybersecurity Programs and Policies That Work
Clearly presents best practices, governance frameworks, and key standards
Includes focused coverage of healthcare, finance, and PCI DSS compliance
An essential and invaluable guide for leaders, managers, and technical professionals
Today, cyberattacks can place entire organizations at risk. Cybersecurity can no longer be delegated to specialists: success requires everyone to work together, from leaders on down. Developing Cybersecurity Programs and Policies offers start-to-finish guidance for establishing effective cybersecurity in any organization. Drawing on more than 20 years of real-world experience, Omar Santos presents realistic best practices for defining policy and governance, ensuring compliance, and collaborating to harden the entire organization.
First, Santos shows how to develop workable cybersecurity policies and an effective framework for governing them. Next, he addresses risk management, asset management, and data loss prevention, showing how to align functions from HR to physical security. You’ll discover best practices for securing communications, operations, and access; acquiring, developing, and maintaining technology; and responding to incidents.
Santos concludes with detailed coverage of compliance in finance and healthcare, the crucial Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) standard, and the NIST Cybersecurity Framework.
Whatever your current responsibilities, this guide will help you plan, manage, and lead cybersecurity–and safeguard all the assets that matter.
Learn How To
· Establish cybersecurity policies and governance that serve your organization’s needs
· Integrate cybersecurity program components into a coherent framework for action
· Assess, prioritize, and manage security risk throughout the organization
· Manage assets and prevent data loss
· Work with HR to address human factors in cybersecurity
· Harden your facilities and physical environment
· Design effective policies for securing communications, operations, and access
· Strengthen security throughout the information systems lifecycle
· Plan for quick, effective incident response and ensure business continuity
· Comply with rigorous regulations in finance and healthcare
· Plan for PCI compliance to safely process payments
· Explore and apply the guidance provided by the NIST Cybersecurity Framework
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Understanding Cybersecurity Policy and Governance
Information Security vs. Cybersecurity Policies
Looking at Policy Through the Ages
Policy in Ancient Times
The United States Constitution as a Policy Revolution
Policy Today
Cybersecurity Policy
What Are Assets?
Successful Policy Characteristics
What Is the Role of Government?
Additional Federal Banking Regulations
Government Cybersecurity Regulations in Other Countries
The Challenges of Global Policies
Cybersecurity Policy Life Cycle
Policy Development
Policy Publication
Policy Adoption
Policy Review
Summary
Chapter 2: Cybersecurity Policy Organization, Format, and Styles
Policy Hierarchy
Standards
Baselines
Guidelines
Procedures
Plans and Programs
Writing Style and Technique
Using Plain Language
The Plain Language Movement
Plain Language Techniques for Policy Writing
Policy Format
Understand Your Audience
Policy Format Types
Policy Components
Summary
Chapter 3: Cybersecurity Framework
Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability
What Is Confidentiality?
What Is Integrity?
What Is Availability?
Who Is Responsible for CIA?
NIST’s Cybersecurity Framework
What Is NIST’s Function?
So, What About ISO?
NIST Cybersecurity Framework
ISO Standards
Summary
Chapter 4: Governance and Risk Management
Understanding Cybersecurity Policies
What Is Governance?
What Is Meant by Strategic Alignment?
Regulatory Requirements
User-Level Cybersecurity Policies
Vendor Cybersecurity Policies
Cybersecurity Vulnerability Disclosure Policies
Client Synopsis of Cybersecurity Policies
Who Authorizes Cybersecurity Policy?
What Is a Distributed Governance Model?
Evaluating Cybersecurity Policies
Revising Cybersecurity Policies: Change Drivers
NIST Cybersecurity Framework Governance Subcategories and Informative References
Regulatory Requirements
Cybersecurity Risk
Is Risk Bad?
Understanding Risk Management
Risk Appetite and Tolerance
What Is a Risk Assessment?
Risk Assessment Methodologies
Summary
Chapter 5: Asset Management and Data Loss Prevention
Information Assets and Systems
Who Is Responsible for Information Assets?
Information Classification
How Does the Federal Government Classify Data?
Why Is National Security Information Classified Differently?
Who Decides How National Security Data Is Classified?
How Does the Private Sector Classify Data?
Can Information Be Reclassified or Even Declassified?
Labeling and Handling Standards
Why Label?
Why Handling Standards?
Information Systems Inventory
Why an Inventory Is Necessary and What Should Be Inventoried
Understanding Data Loss Prevention Technologies
Summary
Chapter 6: Human Resources Security
The Employee Life Cycle
What Does Recruitment Have to Do with Security?
What Happens in the Onboarding Phase?
What Is User Provisioning?
What Should an Employee Learn During Orientation?
Why Is Termination Considered the Most Dangerous Phase?
The Importance of Employee Agreements
What Are Confidentiality or Nondisclosure Agreements?
What Is an Acceptable Use Agreement?
The Importance of Security Education and Training
Influencing Behavior with Security Awareness
Teaching a Skill with Security Training
Security Education Is Knowledge Driven
Summary
Chapter 7: Physical and Environmental Security
Understanding the Secure Facility Layered Defense Model
How Do We Secure the Site?
How Is Physical Access Controlled?
Protecting Equipment
No Power, No Processing?
How Dangerous Is Fire?
What About Disposal?
Stop, Thief!
Summary
Chapter 8: Communications and Operations Security
Standard Operating Procedures
Why Document SOPs?
Developing SOPs
Operational Change Control
Why Manage Change?
Why Is Patching Handled Differently?
Malware Protection
Are There Different Types of Malware?
How Is Malware Controlled?
What Is Antivirus Software?
Data Replication
Is There a Recommended Backup or Replication Strategy?
Secure Messaging
What Makes Email a Security Risk?
Are Email Servers at Risk?
Other Collaboration and Communication Tools
Activity Monitoring and Log Analysis
What Is Log Management?
Service Provider Oversight
What Is Due Diligence?
What Should Be Included in Service Provider Contracts?
Threat Intelligence and Information Sharing
How Good Is Cyber Threat Intelligence if It Cannot Be Shared?
Summary
Chapter 9: Access Control Management
Access Control Fundamentals
What Is a Security Posture?
How Is Identity Verified?
What Is Authorization?
Accounting
Infrastructure Access Controls
Why Segment a Network?
What Is Layered Border Security?
Remote Access Security
User Access Controls
Why Manage User Access?
What Types of Access Should Be Monitored?
Summary
Chapter 10: Information Systems Acquisition, Development, and Maintenance
System Security Requirements
What Is SDLC?
What About Commercially Available or Open Source Software?
The Testing Environment
Protecting Test Data
Secure Code
The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)
Cryptography
Why Encrypt?
Regulatory Requirements
What Is a “Key”?
What Is PKI?
Why Protect Cryptographic Keys?
Digital Certificate Compromise
Summary
Chapter 11: Cybersecurity Incident Response
Incident Response
What Is an Incident?
How Are Incidents Reported?
What Is an Incident Response Program?
The Incident Response Process
Tabletop Exercises and Playbooks
Information Sharing and Coordination
Computer Security Incident Response Teams
Product Security Incident Response Teams (PSIRTs)
Incident Response Training and Exercises
What Happened? Investigation and Evidence Handling
Documenting Incidents
Working with Law Enforcement
Understanding Forensic Analysis
Data Breach Notification Requirements
Is There a Federal Breach Notification Law?
Does Notification Work?
Summary
Chapter 12: Business Continuity Management
Emergency Preparedness
What Is a Resilient Organization?
Regulatory Requirements
Business Continuity Risk Management
What Is a Business Continuity Threat Assessment?
What Is a Business Continuity Risk Assessment?
What Is a Business Impact Assessment?
The Business Continuity Plan
Roles and Responsibilities
Disaster Response Plans
Operational Contingency Plans
The Disaster Recovery Phase
The Resumption Phase
Plan Testing and Maintenance
Why Is Testing Important?
Plan Maintenance
Summary
Chapter 13: Regulatory Compliance for Financial Institutions
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
What Is a Financial Institution?
Regulatory Oversight
What Are the Interagency Guidelines?
New York’s Department of Financial Services Cybersecurity Regulation (23 NYCRR Part 500)
What Is a Regulatory Examination?
Examination Process
Examination Ratings
Personal and Corporate Identity Theft
What Is Required by the Interagency Guidelines Supplement A?
What Is Required by the Supplement to the Authentication in an Internet Banking Environment Guidance?
Summary
Chapter 14: Regulatory Compliance for the Health-Care Sector
The HIPAA Security Rule
What Is the Objective of the HIPAA Security Rule?
How Is the HIPAA Security Rule Organized?
What Are the Physical Safeguards?
What Are the Technical Safeguards?
What Are the Organizational Requirements?
What Are the Policies and Procedures Standards?
The HIPAA Security Rule Mapping to NIST Cybersecurity Framework
The HITECH Act and the Omnibus Rule
What Changed for Business Associates?
What Are the Breach Notification Requirements?
Understanding the HIPAA Compliance Enforcement Process
Summary
Chapter 15: PCI Compliance for Merchants
Protecting Cardholder Data
What Is the PAN?
The Luhn Algorithm
What Is the PCI DDS Framework?
Business-as-Usual Approach
What Are the PCI Requirements?
PCI Compliance
Who Is Required to Comply with PCI DSS?
What Is a Data Security Compliance Assessment?
What Is the PCI DSS Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ)?
Are There Penalties for Noncompliance?
Summary
Chapter 16: NIST Cybersecurity Framework
Introducing the NIST Cybersecurity Framework Components
The Framework Core
Identify
Protect
Detect
Respond
Recover
Framework Implementation Tiers (“Tiers”)
Who Should Coordinate the Framework Implementation?
NIST’s Recommended Steps to Establish or Improve a Cybersecurity Program
Communication with Stakeholders and Supply Chain Relationships
NIST’s Cybersecurity Framework Reference Tool
Adopting the NIST Cybersecurity Framework in Real Life
Summary
Appendix A: Cybersecurity Program Resources 608
Appendix B: Answers to the Multiple Choice Questions 618
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