The "Development of Attachment and Affiliative Systems" was selected as the topic for a three-day workshop held at Estes Park, Colorado, in May, 1980. The papers which resulted from this effort not only reflect a recent intensity of research in this area, but also highlight a mounting need for ask­ ing questions across disciplines and for integrating theories. The sponsor of the workshop was the Developmental Psychobiology Research Group (DPRG) of the Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Medical School, a group which itself is interdisciplinary and which has met regularly since 1969 to criticize research, ask questions, and discuss findings. In 1974, the Group was awarded an endowment fund by the Grant Foundation after a request for a proposal initiated by Philip Sapir and Douglas Bond. The aims of this fund are to facilitate the research of young investigators, to encourage new research, and to provide seed money for collaborative ventures. Much of what is reported here results from that support. Thus, happily, not only are the contributions timely by virtue of converging on an important topic, but they also commemorate more than five years of Grant Foundation support. Once the topic was chosen, a small number of guests were invited to participate. The papers of Timiras, Sackett, Konner, and Lamb represent dif­ fering perspectives from neurobiology, primatology, cultural anthropology, and social psychology.

Table of Contents:
I Perspectives from Primate Behavior and Neurobiology.- 1 Can Single Processes Explain Effects of Postnatal Influences on Primate Development?.- 2 Infant Monkeys’ Achievement of Temporal Coherence with Their Social Group.- 3 Animal Models of Human Behavior: Their Application to the Study of Attachment.- 4 Animal Models in Developmental Psychobiology.- 5 The Timing of Hormone Signals in the Orchestration of Brain Development.- 6 Epigenetic Factors in Neuronal Differentiation: A Review of Recent Research.- 7 The Role of Hormones in Mother-Infant Transactions.- II Perspectives from Human Studies.- 8 Parent-to-Infant Attachment: A Critique of the Early “Bonding” Model.- 9 Silver Nitrate and the Eyes of the Newborn: Effects on Parental Responsiveness during Initial Social Interaction.- 10 Effect of Gender and Caretaking Role on Parent-Infant Interaction.- 11 An Investigation of Change in the Infant-Caregiver System over the First Week of Life.- 12 Biological Aspects the Mother-Infant Bond.- 13 Toward a Theory of Infant Temperament.- 14 Parent-Infant Interaction, Attachment, and Socioemotional Development in Infancy.- 15 A Structural Modeling Approach to the Study of Attachment and Strange Situation Behaviors.- 16 Infants’ Differential Social Response to Mother and Experimenter: Relationships to Maternal Characteristics and Quality of Infant Play.- 17 Attachment Behavior in Abused/Neglected and Premature Infants: Implications for the Concept of Attachment.- 18 Maternal Referencing in Normal and Down’s Syndrome Infants: A Longitudinal Analysis.- III Commentaries.- Attachment Research and Mental Health: A Speculation.- Attachment Research: Prospect and Progress.