Diagnostic Imaging: Chest

Table of Contents:
Overview of Chest Imaging Introduction and Overview Approach to Chest Imaging Illustrated Terminology Approach to Illustrated Terminology Acinar Nodules Air Bronchogram Air-Trapping Airspace Architectural Distortion Bulla/Bleb Cavity Consolidation Cyst Ground-Glass Opacity Honeycombing Interlobular Septal Thickening Intralobular Lines Mass Miliary Pattern Mosaic Attenuation Nodule Pneumatocele Reticular Pattern Secondary Pulmonary Lobule Traction Bronchiectasis Tree-in-Bud Opacities Centrilobular Perilymphatic Distribution Chest Radiographic and CT Signs Approach to Chest Radiographic and CT Signs Air Crescent Sign Cervicothoracic Sign Comet Tail Sign CT Halo Sign Deep Sulcus Sign Fat Pad Sign Finger-in-Glove Sign Hilum Convergence Sign Hilum Overlay Sign Incomplete Border Sign Luftsichel Sign Reversed Halo Sign Rigler and Cupola Signs S-Sign of Golden Signet Ring Sign Silhouette Sign Atelectasis and Volume Loss Approach to Atelectasis and Volume Loss Atelectasis Relaxation and Compression Atelectasis Cicatricial Atelectasis Rounded Atelectasis Developmental Abnormalities Introduction and Overview Approach to Developmental Abnormalities Airways Tracheal Bronchus and Other Anomalous Bronchi Paratracheal Air Cyst Bronchial Atresia Tracheobronchomegaly Lung Extralobar Sequestration Intralobar Sequestration Diffuse Pulmonary Lymphangiomatosis Apical Lung Hernia Pulmonary Circulation Congenital Interruption Pulmonary Artery Aberrant Left Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Scimitar Syndrome Pulmonary Varix Meandering Pulmonary Vein Systemic Circulation Accessory Azygos Fissure Azygos and Hemiazygos Continuation of the IVC Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Aberrant Subclavian Artery Right Aortic Arch Double Aortic Arch Aortic Coarctation Cardiac, Pericardial, and Valvular Defects Atrial Septal Defect Ventricular Septal Defect Bicuspid Aortic Valve Pulmonic Stenosis Heterotaxy Absence of the Pericardium Chest Wall and Diaphragm Poland Syndrome Pectus Deformity Kyphoscoliosis Morgagni Hernia Bochdalek Hernia Airway Diseases Introduction and Overview Approach to Airways Disease Benign Neoplasms Tracheobronchial Hamartoma Tracheobronchial Papillomatosis Malignant Neoplasms Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Airways Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Metastasis, Airways Airway Narrowing and Wall Thickening Saber-Sheath Trachea Tracheal Stenosis Tracheobronchomalacia Middle Lobe Syndrome Airway Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Tracheobronchial Amyloidosis Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica Relapsing Polychondritis Rhinoscleroma Bronchial Dilatation and Impaction Bronchitis Bronchiectasis Cystic Fibrosis Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome Williams-Campbell Syndrome Broncholithiasis Emphysema and Small Airway Diseases Centrilobular Emphysema Paraseptal Emphysema Panlobular Emphysema Infectious Bronchilitis Constrictive Bronchiolitis Swyer-James-Macleod Syndrome Asthma Infections Introduction and Overview Approach to Infections General Bronchopneumonia Community-acquired Pneumonia Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia Nosocomial Pneumonia Lung Abscess Septic Emboli Bacteria Pneumococcal Pneumonia Staphylococcal Pneumonia Klebsiella Pneumonia Pseudomonas Legionella Pneumonia Nocardiosis Actinomycosis Melioidosis Tuberculosis Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection Mycoplasma Pneumonia Viruses Influenza Pneumonia Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia Coronavirus COVID-19 Fungi Histoplasmosis Coccidioidomycosis Blastomycosis Cryptococcosis Paracoccidioidomycosis Aspergillosis Zygomycosis *Pneumocystis jirovecii* Pneumonia Parasites Approach to Parasites Dirofilariasis Hydatidosis Strongyloidiasis Amebiasis Schistosomiasis Pulmonary Neoplasms Introduction and Overview Approach to Pulmonary Neoplasms Lung Cancer Adenocarcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Small Cell Carcinoma Mutlifocal Lung Cancer Uncommon Neoplasms Pulmonary Hamartoma Bronchial Carcinoid Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Kaposi Sarcoma Lymphoma and Lymphoproliferative Disorders Follicular Bronchiolitis Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia Nodular Lymphoid Hyperplasia Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease Pulmonary Lymphoma Metastatic Disease Hematogenous Metastases Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis Tumor Emboli Interstitial, Diffuse, and Inhalational Lung Disease Introduction and Overview Approach to Interstitial, Diffuse, and Inhalational Lung Disease Idiopathic Interstitial Lung Diseases Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Acute Interstitial Pneumonia Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia Organizing Pneumonia Sarcoidosis Pleuropulmonary Fibroelastosis Smoking-Related Diseases Respiratory Bronchiolitis and RBILD Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema Pneumoconiosis Asbestosis Silicosis and Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis Hard Metal Pneumoconiosis Beryliosis Silo-Filler's Disease Other Inhalational Disorders Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Smoke Inhalation ?E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) Aspiration Excipient Lung Disease Eosinophilic Lung Disease Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Metabolic Diseases and Miscellaneous Conditions Alveolar Microlithiasis Metastatic Pulmonary Calcification Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Pulmonary Amyloidosis Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Lipoid Pneumonia Dendriform Pulmonary Ossification Connective Tissue Disorders, Immunological Diseases, and Vasculitis Introduction and Overview Approach to Connective Tissue Disorders, Immunological Diseases, and Vasculitis Immunological and Connective Tissue Disorders Rheumatoid Arthritis Scleroderma Mixed Connective Tissue Disease Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Sjögren Syndrome Ankylosing Spondylitis Inflammatory Bowel Disease Erdheim Chester Disease Thoracic Complications in Immunocompromised Patients Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Solid Organ Transplantation HIV/AIDS Neutropenia Pulmonary Hemorrhage and Vasculitis Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemorrhage Goodpasture Syndrome Pulmonary Granulomatosis and Polyangiitis Eosinophilic Granulomatosis and Polyangiitis Behcet Syndrome Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis Mediastinal Abnormalities Introduction and Overview Approach to Mediastinal Abnormalities Primary Neoplasms Thymoma Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm Thymic Carcinoma Thymolipoma Mediastinal Teratoma Mediastinal Seminoma Nonseminomatous Malignant Germ Cell Neoplasm Neurogenic Neoplasms of the Nerve Sheath Neurogenic Neoplasms of the Sympathetic Ganglia Neurofibromatosis Lymphadenopathy Metastatic Disease, Lymphadenopathy Mediastinal Lymphoma Mediastinal Fibrosis Castleman Disease Cysts Bronchogenic Cyst Esophageal Duplication Cyst Pericardial Cyst Thymic Cyst Vascular Lesions Mediastinal Vascular Masses Coronary Artery Aneurysm Paraesophageal Varices Mediastinal Lymphangioma Mediastinal Hemangioma Glandular Enlargement Thymic Hyperplasia Goiter and Other Thyroid Masses Diseases of the Esophagus Achalasia Esophageal Diverticuli Esophageal Stricture Esophageal Carcinoma Miscellaneous Conditions Mediastinal Lipomatosis Mediastinitis Mediastinal Fat Necrosis Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Hiatal and Paraesophageal Hernia Cardiovascular Disorders Introduction and Overview Approach to Cardiovascular Disorders Diseases of the Aorta and Great Vessels Atherosclerosis Aortic Aneurysm Acute Aortic Syndromes Marfan Syndrome Takayasu Arteritis Superior Vena Cava Obstruction Pulmonary Edema Pulmonary Edema Pulmonary Hypertension and Thromboembolic Disease Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Pulmonary Venoocclusive Disease/Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease Chronic Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease Sickle Cell Disease Fat Embolism Hepatopulmonary Syndrome Illicit Drug Use, Pulmonary Manifestations Diseases of the Heart and Pericardium Valve and Annular Calcification Aortic Valve Disease Mitral Valve Disease Left Atrial Calcification Ventricular Calcification Coronary Artery Calcification Post Cardiac Injury Syndrome Pericardial Effusion Constrictive Pericarditis Cardiovascular Neoplasms Cardiac and Pericardial Metastases Cardiac Myxoma Cardiac Sarcoma Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma Aortic Sarcoma Trauma Introduction and Overview Approach to Chest Trauma Airways and Lung Tracheobronchial Laceration Trauma, Lung Cardiovascular/Mediastinum Pneumomediastinum Traumatic Aortic Injury Esophageal Rupture Thoracic Duct Tear Pleura, Chest Wall, and Diaphragm Traumatic Pneumothorax Traumatic Hemothorax Thoracic Splenosis Rib Fractures and Flail Chest Spinal Fracture Sternal Fracture Diaphragmatic Rupture Post-Treatment Chest Introduction and Overview Approach to Post-Treatment Chest Life Support Devices Endotracheal and Enteric Tubes Vascular Catheters Cardiac Conduction Devices Thoracostomy Tubes and Mediastic Drains Surgical Procedures and Complications Pleurodesis Sublobar Resection Lung Volume Reduction Surgery Lobectomy Lobar Torsion Pneumonectomy Thoracoplasty and Apicolysis Lung Herniation Sternotomy Cardiac Transplantation Lung Transplantation Esophageal Resection Radiation, Chemotherapy, Ablation Radiation-Induced Lung Disease Drug Reaction, Intrathoracic Ablation Procedures Pleural Diseases Introduction and Overview Approach to Pleural Diseases Effusion Transudative Pleural Effusion Exudative Pleural Effusion Hemothorax Chylothorax Empyema Pneumothorax Iatrogenic Pneumothorax Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax Pleural Thickening Apical Cap Pleural Plaques Pleural Fibrosis and Fibrothorax Neoplasia Malignant Pleural Effusion Solid Pleural Metastases Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Localized Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura Chest Wall and Diaphragm Introduction and Overview Approach to Chest Wall and Diaphragm Chest Wall Chest Wall Infections Discitis Chest Wall Lipoma Elastofibroma and Fibromatosis Chest Wall Metastases Chondrosarcoma Plasmacytoma and Multiple Myeloma Diaphragm Diaphragmatic Eventration Diaphragmatic Paralysis