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Drogas

Drogas

          
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About the Book

A criminalização das drogas, segundo a teoria jurídica do crime, se legitima pela necessidade de enfrentar e resolver um problema de saúde pública, bem juridicamente tutelado. No entanto, o critério utilizado, a conferir licitude em relação a determinadas drogas e rotulação em quadros e graus de ilicitude para outras, nunca atendeu rigorosamente a esse desiderato. A criminalização das condutas relacionadas com o comércio e uso de psicotrópicos se deve mais a percepção social que suscitam e em consideração aos grupos associados à sua cultura do que ao intrínseco potencial lesivo de cada substância. Assim, impõe-se investigar se a criminalização das substâncias psicoativas desempenha funções simbólicas, alheias ao programa finalístico que anuncia. Os primeiros indícios do caráter simbólico da criminalização das drogas são apresentados com a pesquisa quanto a racionalidade de seu desempenho, da qual se revela a inidoneidade do mecanismo punitivo, a desnecessidade da intervenção penal, a desproporcionalidade em sentido estrito quanto a abstrata previsão de penas e rotulação de ilicitude em desconsideração aos danos inerentes a cada substância psicoativa, além das graves e deletérias consequências sociais decorrentes de sua aplicação. O déficit de instrumentalidade e a relação de ilusão e dissimulação quanto às funções manifestas e latentes são características comuns às três fases da criminalização das drogas. Em sua primeira fase, início do século passado até final da década de 1960, cumpriu precipuamente a função de confirmar valores sociais de determinado grupo, representado pelo homem do campo, pelo pretenso nativo norte-americano e pela classe média protestante. Mais que os efeitos práticos decorrentes da lei, interessava o reconhecimento de seu peculiar estilo de vida ascética, incompatível com o consumo de drogas. Tratava-se de conferir status social a partir da homologação de seu modo de viver e estigmatização do outro. Na segunda fase, que se desempenha durante a década de 1970, a criminalização das drogas se torna um álibi. Ante o déficit de instrumentalidade observado na fase anterior, sérias medidas deveriam ser tomadas e o Estado se apresentou como guardião da incolumidade de corpos e mentes. O recrudescimento da criminalização e sua consequente estratégia de guerra forneceram as respostas que a população 'precisava'. Confirmava-se a capacidade de ação do Estado. A saúde pública permanecia desprotegida, mas obteve-se o logro de alijar as pressões sociais por uma efetiva e verdadeira solução. Desde o início da década de 1980, há um compromisso social em torno de duas estratégias aparentemente contraditórias: recrudescimento contra o narcotráfico e arrefecimento, representado pelas políticas de redução de danos, em relação ao consumo de psicotrópicos. Nessa terceira fase, a criminalização das drogas desempenha, predominantemente, a função de adiar a solução de conflitos sociais em torno do real enfrentamento do problema, resultando na desproteção do bem jurídico sob tutela. Portanto, a criminalização das drogas apresenta um nítido caráter simbólico em cada uma de suas fases, servindo, nessa ordem, à confirmação de valores sociais, demonstração da capacidade de ação do Estado e adiamento da solução de conflitos sociais por meio de compromissos dilatórios.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781090832061
  • Publisher: Independently Published
  • Publisher Imprint: Independently Published
  • Height: 229 mm
  • No of Pages: 302
  • Spine Width: 17 mm
  • Weight: 444 gr
  • ISBN-10: 1090832060
  • Publisher Date: 23 Apr 2019
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Portuguese
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: Criminalização Simbólica
  • Width: 152 mm


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