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Einfluss Von Arsenverbindungen Auf Die Funktion Der Dna-Reparaturproteine Fpg, Xpa Und Parp-1

Einfluss Von Arsenverbindungen Auf Die Funktion Der Dna-Reparaturproteine Fpg, Xpa Und Parp-1

          
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About the Book

In weiten Teilen der Welt sind Millionen von Menschen einer Exposition gegenuber Arsen durch das Trinkwasser ausgesetzt. Nach chronischer Arsenexposition kann es neben anderen Krankheiten zu einer Krebsentstehung in verschiedenen Organen kommen. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass vor allem die Induktion von oxidativen DNA-Schaden und die Hemmung von DNA-Reparaturprozessen eine entscheidende Rolle in der nach wie vor nicht vollstandig verstandenen arseninduzierten Kanzerogenese spielt. In den letzten Jahren wurden reaktive methylierte Metabolite im menschlichen Urin nachgewiesen, die ein ahnliches oder sogar hoheres genotoxisches Potential als das anorganische Arsenit besitzen. Da Arsen eine hohe Affinitat zu Thiolgruppen besitzt, stellen so genannte Zinkfingerstrukturen, in denen Zink durch vier Cystein- und/oder Histidin-Reste komplexiert wird, einen potentiellen Angriffspunkt dar. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden daher die drei DNA-Zinkfinger-Reparaturproteine Formamidopyrimidin-DNA-Glykosylase (Fpg), Xeroderma Pigmentosum Protein A (XPA) und Poly(ADP-Ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) auf ihre Wechselwirkungen mit Arsenverbindungen untersucht. In einem ersten Versuch konnte fur die bakterielle Fpg gezeigt werden, dass die methylierten dreiwertigen Arsenverbindungen monomethylarsonige Saure (MMA(III)) und dimethylarsinige Saure (DMA(III)) in mikromolaren bis millimolaren Konzentrationen in der Lage sind eine Hemmung hervorzurufen, wahrend Arsenit und die funfwertigen Metabolite Monomethylarsonsaure (MMA(V)) und Dimethylarsinsaure (DMA(V)) keine Reaktion zeigten. Im Falle von menschlichem XPA wurde untersucht, ob die Arsenverbindungen, Zink aus einer synthetischen Zinkfingerdomane freizusetzen konnen. Auch hier zeigten ausschliesslich die dreiwertigen Verbindungen eine Zinkfreisetzung, wobei die methylierten Metabolite in 10-fach niedrigeren Konzentrationen reagierten als anorganisches Arsenit. Als ein moglicher erster molekularer Ansatzpunkt auf zellularer Ebene wurde die zwei Zinkfingerstrukturen enthaltende PARP-1 identifiziert. Hier konnte gezeigt werden, dass Arsenit und seine dreiwertigen methylierten Metabolite die Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ierung in niedrigen nanomolaren, nicht zytotoxischen Konzentrationen reduzieren, wahrend die funfwertigen methylierten Metabolite bis zu einer Konzentration von 500 M keinen Effekt zeigten. Im Folgenden konnte zusatzlich gezeigt werden, dass auch isolierte PARP-1 durch die dreiwertigen Arsenverbindungen gehemmt wird, wobei die Hemmung erst in hoheren Konzentrationen als im zellularen System auftrat. Die Hemmung der Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ierung durch dreiwertige Arsenverbindungen ist sowohl im zellularen, wie auch im isolierten System die bisher sensitivste Storung einer enzymatischen Reaktion, die direkt mit der Reparatur der DNA verbunden ist. Die Hemmung von wichtigen DNA-Reparaturproteinen mit Zinkfingerstrukturen wie PARP-1 oder XPA speziell durch dreiwertige Arsenmetabolite konnte damit einen entscheidenden Mechanismus der arseninduzierten Genotoxizitat und damit auch der Kanzerogenese darstellen.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783832515980
  • Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: German
  • Returnable: N
  • Spine Width: 0 mm
  • Width: 145 mm
  • ISBN-10: 3832515984
  • Publisher Date: 31 May 2007
  • Height: 210 mm
  • No of Pages: 135
  • Series Title: German
  • Weight: 700 gr


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