This study of South African weapon programmes and imports of arms, components, and technology describes how a desperate buyer and eager suppliers have bent or pre-empted embargo rules. The author explains the role of multinational corporations and South African investments abroad in the process of `disimplementation' and reveals the parts played by France, West Germany, Israel, Italy, the UK, and the USA as sources of military technology. She provides useful reference information for those studying the theory of arms embargoes or with a special interest in the build-up of the South African military industry. Although South Africa has acquired knowledge which allows it a degree of self-sufficiency, the author highlights the areas of its military industry which remain vulnerable.

Table of Contents:
Preface; List of tables & figures; Acronyms & abbreviations; PART I: Introduction: SOUTH AFRICA AS A CASE STUDY: Purpose of the project; the arms embargo method, the military industrialization process; notes and references; HISTORICAL IMPEDIMENTS TO EMBARGO IMPLEMENTATION: Introduction; resource factors; political factors; notes and references; PART II: The development of South Africa's military industry: THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: Introduction; 1912-39; 1939-45; 1945-61; notes and references; THE ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE MODERN ARMS INDUSTRY: Introduction; reorganizing the institutional structure; the armaments board; armscor; notes and references; PART III: The sectors of the military industry: THE AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY: Introduction; redesign; establishment of the Atlas Aircraft Corporation; the Atlas Impala programme; the Atlas Bosbok and Kudu programme; Atlas-Mirage-3/F-1; Atlas `Cheetah' - the `new fighter design; Atlas Aircraft: spare parts and engines; other aircraft producers; notes and references; THE ARMOURED VEHICLE INDUSTRY: Introduction; armoured cars, tanks, field artillery; army trucks and specialized versions; engines, notes and references; THE MISSILE INDUSTRY: Introduction; missile projects; notes and references; THE WARSHIP INDUSTRY: Introduction; projects; notes and references; INFANTRY WEAPONS AND SMALL ARMS: Introduction; the producers; ammunition and explosives; small arms, notes and references; MILITARY ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT; Introduction; the South African electronics industry; electronic products; South African producers; notes and references; THE CBW INDUSTRY: Introduction; chemical weapons, bacteriological weapons; notes and references; NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY: Introduction; the nuclear research programme; the Ucor uranium enrichment process; the nuclear energy programme; a `nuclear Frankenstein in Africa?; notes and references; SOUTH AFRICA'S ARMS EXPORTS: Introduction; the flow; Armscor's sales organization; notes and references; PART IV: Implementation and disimplementation: EMBARGO IMPLEMENTATION; General problems; the UK; the United States; France; FR Germany; Italy; Japan; the Third World arms producers; notes and references; SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: Introduction; the methods of disimplementation; the motives for disimplementation; final assessment; notes and references; Appendix 1. SOURCES AND METHODS: International sources of information; South African sources; implementation analysis; terminology; notes and references; Appendix 2. UN SECURITY RESOLUTIONS ON THE ARMS EMBARGO AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA: Resolution 181 (1963) of 7 August 1963 (voluntary); Resolution 182 (1963) of 4 December 1963 (voluntary); Resolution 418 (1977) of 4 November 1977 (mandatory); Resolution 558 (1984) of 13 December 1984 (voluntary); Appendix 3. SOUTH AFRICA'S MAJOR WEAPONS INDUSTRY: THE DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN MILITARY TECHNOLOGY; Appendix 4. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY: Books; special reports; South African official reports; Yearbooks; UN documents