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Enzyme: Struktur, Kinetik und Anwendungen

Enzyme: Struktur, Kinetik und Anwendungen

          
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About the Book

Hans Bisswanger präsentiert eine zugängliche Einführung in ein Gebiet, das zu den traditionellen Angstfächern der Studenten der Naturwissenschaften gehört. Kein anderes Buch bietet eine leichter verständliche Einführung in die Enzymkinetik und die verschiedenen Enzymfamilien.

Table of Contents:
Vorwort xi Zusatzmaterial: Power-point Animationen xiii Abkürzungen xv 1 Einleitung 1 1.1 Historische Entwicklung und Bedeutung der Enzyme, ein Überblick 1 1.2 Wie sind Enzyme entstanden? 4 1.3 Ribozyme 5 1.4 Weiterführende Literatur über Enzyme 7 1.5 Literatur 8 2 Struktur der Enzyme 13 2.1 Primärstruktur 13 2.2 Sekundärstruktur 15 2.3 Tertiärstruktur 18 2.4 Quartärstruktur 21 2.5 Verlauf der Proteinfaltung 25 2.6 Katalytisches Zentrum  und Coenzyme 27 2.6.1 Biotin 29 2.6.2 Liponsäure 30 2.6.3 Thiamindiphosphat 32 2.6.4 Coenzym A 33 2.6.5 Pyridoxalphosphat 33 2.6.6 Tetrahydrofolat 34 2.6.7 Cobalamin 35 2.6.8 Nicotinamid-Coenzyme 37 2.6.9 Flavin-Coenzyme 38 2.6.10 Coenzym Q 39 2.6.11 Porphyrin-Coenzyme 39 2.6.12 Metallionen als Cofaktoren 42 2.7 Literatur 45 3 Enzymklassen, Enzymnomenklatur 47 3.1 Klasse 1: Oxidoreduktasen 48 3.2 Klasse 2: Transferasen 55 3.3 Klasse 3: Hydrolasen 66 3.4 Klasse 4: Lyasen 72 3.5 Klasse 5: Isomerasen 75 3.6 Klasse 6: Ligasen 77 3.7 Literatur 79 4 Allgemeine Eigenschaften von Enzymen, Enzymtests 81 4.1 Woran erkennt man ein Enzym? 81 4.2 Wie werden Enzyme getestet und was ist dabei zu berücksichtigen? 81 4.3 pH-Abhängigkeit der Enzymaktivität 83 4.4 Temperaturabhängigkeit der Enzymaktivität 84 4.5 Abhängigkeit der Enzymaktivität von der Ionenstärke 88 4.6 Allgemeine Regeln für Enzymtests 89 4.7 Aufbewahrung von Enzymen 91 4.8 Sicherheitsvorkehrungen beim Arbeiten mit Enzymen 92 4.9 Vorgehensweise beim Enzymtest 92 4.10 Auswertung von Enzymtests, Enzymeinheiten 95 4.11 Wie bestimmt man die Umsatzgeschwindigkeit von Enzymen? 97 4.12 Vom Einzelnachweis zum Massentest 98 4.12.1 Aspekte für Einfach- und Mehrfachtests 98 4.12.2 Tests auf Mikrotiterplatten 99 4.12.3 Microarray-Verfahren 100 4.13 Statistische Behandlung von Daten aus Enzymuntersuchungen 101 4.14 Literatur 105 5 Methoden für Enzymuntersuchungen 107 5.1 Optische Methoden 107 5.1.1 Absorptionsfotometrie 107 5.1.2 Fluoreszenzspektroskopie 117 5.1.3 Polarisationsspektrokopie, optische Rotationsdispersion, Circulardichroismus 123 5.2 Elektrochemische Methoden 124 5.2.1 pH-Bestimmung, Glaselektrode 124 5.2.2 pH-Stat 126 5.3 Methoden zur Messung schneller Reaktionen 126 5.3.1 Flussmethoden 126 5.3.2 Relaxationsmethoden 129 5.4 Literatur 132 6 Enzymisolierung 135 6.1 Wie gewinnt man Enzyme? 135 6.2 Wie reinigt man Enzyme? 137 6.3 Fällungsmethoden 140 6.4 Ultrafiltration und Dialyse 141 6.5 Zentrifugation 142 6.6 Säulenchromatografische Methoden 144 6.6.1 Ionenaustauschchromatografie 145 6.6.2 Gelfiltration 147 6.6.3 Adsorptionschromatografie 148 6.6.4 Hydrophobe Chromatografie 149 6.6.5 Affinitätschromatografie 149 6.7 Elektrophoretische Methoden 150 6.8 Literatur 152 7 Ligandenbindung 155 7.1 Wie findet das Substrat sein Enzym? 155 7.2 Worauf beruht die Stärke einer Bindung und wie kann man sie quantifizieren? 160 7.3 Formulierung der Bindungsgleichung 162 7.4 Wie misst man die Ligandenbindung? 168 7.4.1 Gleichgewichtsdialyse 168 7.4.2 Ultrafiltration und Ultrazentrifugation 170 7.4.3 Oberflächen-Plasmon-Resonanz 171 7.5 Literatur 172 8 Kinetische Behandlung von Enzymreaktionen 173 8.1 Reaktionsordnung 173 8.1.1 Reaktionen erster Ordnung 173 8.1.2 Reaktionen zweiter Ordnung 175 8.1.3 Reaktionen nullter Ordnung 176 8.2 Michaelis-Menten-Gleichung 177 8.2.1 Theorie der Michaelis-Menten-Gleichung 177 8.2.2 Anwendung der Michaelis-Menten-Gleichung 182 8.2.3 Auswertung enzymkinetischer Daten 186 8.2.4 Ein Schritt zurück – wie bestimmt man die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit? 189 8.3 Rückreaktion 193 8.4 Literatur 196 9 Enzymhemmung 199 9.1 Kategorien der Enzymhemmung 199 9.2 Reversible Enzymhemmung 201 9.2.1 Kompetitive Hemmung 201 9.2.2 Nicht-kompetitive Hemmung 207 9.2.3 Unkompetitive Hemmung, Substrathemmung 213 9.2.4 Andere Hemmarten 218 9.3 Literatur 221 10 Mehrsubstratreaktionen 223 10.1 Darstellungsweise von Mehrsubstratreaktionen 223 10.2 Die verschiedenen Mechanismen der Mehrsubstratreaktionen 225 10.3 Analyse von Mehrsubstratreaktionen 227 10.4 Literatur 231 11 Allosterische Enzyme 233 11.1 Grundlagen der Kooperativität 233 11.2 Symmetrie-Modell und allgemeine Betrachtungen zu allosterischen Enzymen 235 11.3 Sequenz-Modell und negative Kooperativität 243 11.4 Kinetische Kooperativität, das Slow-Transition-Modell 246 11.5 Literatur 248 12 Passgerechte Enzyme: Immobilisierung, Enzymreaktoren und künstliche Enzyme 251 12.1 Immobilisierung von Enzymen 251 12.1.1 Allgemeine Aspekte der Immobilisierung 251 12.1.2 Nicht-kovalente Fixierung 253 12.1.3 Kovalente Fixierung 253 12.1.4 Quervernetzung 254 12.1.5 Mikroverkapselung 255 12.1.6 Entrapment 255 12.2 Enzymreaktoren 256 12.2.1 Rührkesselreaktoren 257 12.2.2 Festbettreaktoren 258 12.3 Künstliche Enzyme 258 12.3.1 Katalytische Antikörper 260 12.3.2 Synzyme 261 12.4 Literatur 262 13 Enzyme im praktischen Gebrauch 265 13.1 Enzyme in der Industrie 265 13.1.1 Allgemeine Aspekte 265 13.1.2 Proteinspaltende Enzyme 267 13.1.3 Enzyme des Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels 269 13.1.4 Oxidierende Enzyme 271 13.1.5 Lipasen 272 13.1.6 Aminosäuresynthesen 273 13.1.7 Weitere Enzyme in industrieller Anwendung 273 13.2 Enzyme in Medizin und Therapie 274 13.3 Literatur 278 14 Ausblick 281 14.1 Literatur 282 Sachverzeichnis 283


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783527336753
  • Publisher: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
  • Publisher Imprint: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • Height: 244 mm
  • No of Pages: 308
  • Spine Width: 170 mm
  • Weight: 678 gr
  • ISBN-10: 3527336753
  • Publisher Date: 19 Aug 2015
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: German
  • Returnable: Y
  • Sub Title: Struktur, Kinetik und Anwendungen
  • Width: 170 mm


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