"The unique thing about Fit for Developing Software is the way it addresses the interface between customers/testers/analysts and programmers. All will find something in the book about how others wish to be effectively communicated with. A Fit book for programmers wouldn't make sense because the goal is to create a language for business-oriented team members. A Fit book just for businesspeople wouldn't make sense because the programmers have to be involved in creating that language. The result is a book that should appeal to a wide range of people whose shared goal is improving team communications." --Kent Beck, Three Rivers Institute "Even with the best approaches, there always seemed to be a gap between the software that was written and the software the user wanted. With Fit we can finally close the loop. This is an important piece in the agile development puzzle." --Dave Thomas, coauthor of The Pragmatic Programmer "Ward and Rick do a great job in eschewing the typical, overly complicated technology trap by presenting a simple, user-oriented, and very usable technology that holds fast to the agile principles needed for success in this new millennium." --Andy Hunt, coauthor of The Pragmatic Programmer "Florida Tech requires software engineering students to take a course in programmer testing, which I teach. Mugridge and Cunningham have written a useful and instructive book, which will become one of our course texts." --Cem Kaner, Professor of Software Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology "Rick and Ward continue to amaze me. Testing business rules is a fundamentally hard thing that has confounded many, and yet these two have devised a mechanism that cuts to the essence of the problem. In this work they offer a simple, thorough, approachable, and automatable means of specifying and testing such rules." --Grady Booch, IBM Fellow "By providing a simple, effective method for creating and automating tabular examples of requirements, Fit has dramatically improved how domain experts, analysts, testers, and programmers collaborate to produce quality software." --Joshua Kerievsky, founder, Industrial Logic, Inc., and author of Refactoring to Patterns "Agile software development relies on collaborating teams, teams of customers, analysts, designers, developers, testers, and technical writers. But, how do they work together? Fit is one answer, an answer that has been thoroughly thought through, implemented, and tested in a number of situations. Primavera has significantly stabilized its product lineusing Fit, and I'm so impressed by the results that I'm suggesting it to everyone I know. Rick and Ward, in their everlasting low-key approach, have again put the keystone in the arch of software development. Congratulations and thanks from the software development community." --Ken Schwaber, Scrum Alliance, Agile Alliance, and codeveloper of Scrum "Fit is the most important new technique for understanding and communicating requirements. It's a revolutionary approach to bringing experts and programmers together. This book describes Fit comprehensively and authoritatively. If you want to produce great software, you need to read this book." --James Shore, Principal, Titanium I.T. LLC "There are both noisy and quiet aspects of the agile movement and it is often the quieter ones that have great strategic importance. This book by Ward and Rick describes one of these absolutely vital, but often quieter, practices--testing business requirements. A renewed focus on testing, from test-driven development for developers to story testing for customers, is one of the agile community's great contributions to our industry, and this book will become one of the cornerstones of that contribution. Stories are done-done (ready for release) when they have been tested by both developers (done) and customers (done-done). The concepts and practices involved in customer story testing are critical to project success and wonderfully portrayed in this book. Buy it. Read it. Keep it handy in your day-to-day work." --Jim Highsmith, Director of Agile Software Development & Project Management Practice, Cutter Consortium "I have been influenced by many books, but very few have fundamentally changed how I think and work. This is one of those books. The ideas in this book describe not just how to use a specific framework in order to test our software, but also how we should communicate about and document that software. This book is an excellent guide to a tool and approach that will fundamentally improve how you think about and build software--as it has done for me." --Mike Cohn, Mountain Goat Software, author of User Stories Applied "Fit is a tool to help whole teams grow a common language for describing and testing the behavior of software. This books fills a critical gap--helping both product owners and programmers learn what Fit is and how to use it well." --Bill Wake, independent consultant "Over the past several years, I've been using Fit and FitNesse with development teams. They are not only free and powerful testing tools, they transform development by making the behavior of applications concrete, verifiable, and easily observable. The only thing that has been missing is a good tutorial and reference. Rick Mugridge and Ward Cunningham's Fit For Developing Software fits the bill. Essentially, two books in one, it is a very readable guide that approaches Fit from technical and nontechnical perspectives. This book is a significant milestone and it will make higher software quality achievable for many teams." --Michael C. Feathers, author of Working Effectively with Legacy Code, and consultant, Object Mentor, Inc. "Wow! This is the book I wish I had on my desk when I did my first story test-driven development project. It explains the philosophy behind the Fit framework and a process for using it to interact with the customers to help define the requirements of the project. It makes Fit so easy and approachable that I wrote my first FitNesse tests before I even I finished the book. "For the price of one book, you get two, written by the acknowledged thought leaders of Fit testing. The first is written for the nonprogramming customer. It lays out how you can define the functionality of the system you are building (or modifying) using tabular data. It introduces a range of different kinds of 'test fixtures' that interpret the data and exercise the system under test. While it is aimed at a nontechnical audience, even programmers will find it useful because it also describes the process for interacting with the customers, using the Fit tests as the focal point of the interaction. "The second 'book' is targeted to programmers. It describes how to build each kind of fixture described in the first book. It also describes many other things that need to be considered to have robust automated tests--things like testing without a database to make tests run faster. A lot of the principles will be familiar to programmers who have used any member of the xUnit family of unit testing frameworks. Rick and Ward show you how to put it into practice in a very easy-to-read narrative style that uses a fictitious case study to lead you through all the practices and decisions you are likely to encounter." --Gerard Meszaros, ClearStream Consulting The Fit open source testing framework brings unprecedented agility to the entire development process. Fit for Developing Software shows you how to use Fit to clarify business rules, express them with concrete examples, and organize the examples into test tables that drive testing throughout the software lifecycle. Using a realistic case study, Rick Mugridge and Ward Cunningham--the creator of Fit--introduce each of Fit's underlying concepts and techniques, and explain how you can put Fit to work incrementally, with the lowest possible risk. Highlights include Integrating Fit into your development processes Using Fit to promote effective communication between businesspeople, testers, and developers Expressing business rules that define calculations, decisions, and business processes Connecting Fit tables to the system with "fixtures" that check whether tests are actually satisfied Constructing tests for code evolution, restructuring, and other changes to legacy systems Managing the quality and evolution of tests A companion Web site (http://fit.c2.com/) that offers additional resources and source code

Table of Contents:
Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. About the Authors. 1. Introduction.     The Need for Fit     The Value of Fit Tables     Fit and Business Roles     Organization of the Book     The Book's Use of Color I. INTRODUCING FIT TABLES. 2. Communicating with Tables.     Fit Tables     Tables for Communicating     Tables for Testing     Tables, Fixtures, and a System Under Test     Reading Fit Tables 3. Testing Calculations with ColumnFixture Tables.     Calculating Discount     Reports: Traffic Lights     Calculating Credit     Selecting a Phone Number     Summary     Exercises 4. Testing Business Processes with ActionFixture Tables.     Buying Items     Actions on a Chat Server     Summary     Exercises 5. Testing Lists with RowFixture Tables.     Testing Lists Whose Order Is Unimportant     Testing Lists Whose Order Is Important     Summary     Exercises 6. Testing with Sequences of Tables.     Chat Room Changes     Discount Group Changes     Summary     Exercises 7. Creating Tables and Running Fit.     Using Spreadsheets for Tests     Organizing Tests in Test Suites     Using HTML for Tests     Summary     Exercises 8. Using FitNesse.     Introduction     Getting Started     Organizing Tests with Subwikis     Test Suites     Ranges of Values     Other Features     Summary     Exercises 9. Expecting Errors.     Expected Errors with Calculations     Expected Errors with Actions     Summary 10. FitLibrary Tables.     Flow-Style Actions with DoFixture     Expected Errors with DoFixture     Actions on Domain Objects with DoFixture     Setup     CalculateFixture Tables     Ordered List Tables     Testing Parts of a List     Summary     Exercises 11. A Variety of Tables.     Business Forms     Testing Associations     Two-Dimensional Images     Summary     Exercises II. DEVELOPING TABLES FOR RENTAPARTYSOFTWARE. 12. Introducing Fit at RentAPartySoftware.     RentAPartySoftware     Development Issues     An Initial Plan     The Cast     The Rest of This Part     Summary     Exercises 13. Getting Started: Emily and Don's First Table.     Introduction     Choosing Where to Start     The Business Rule     Starting Simple     Adding the Grace Period     Adding High-Demand Items     Reports     Seth's Return     Summary     Exercises 14. Testing a Business Process: Cash Rentals.     Introduction     Cash Rentals     Split and Restructure     Which Client     Summary     Exercises 15. Tests Involving the Date and Time.     Introduction     Charging a Deposit     Dates     Business Transactions     Sad Paths     Reports     Summary     Exercises 16. Transforming Workflow Tests into Calculation Tests.     Introduction     Testing Calculations Instead     Using Durations     Reports     Summary     Exercises 17. Story Test-Driven Development with Fit.     Introduction     The Stories     The First Storytests     The Planning Game     Adding to the Storytests     Progress During the Iteration     Exploratory Testing at Iteration End     Summary     Exercises 18. Designing and Refactoring Tests to Communicate Ideas.     Principles of Test Design     Fit Tests for Business Rules     Workflow Tests     Calculation Tests     List Tests     Tests and Change     Automation of Tests     Summary 19. Closing for Nonprogrammers.     The Value of Fit Tables     Getting Fit at RentAPartySoftware III. INTRODUCING FIT FIXTURES. 20. Connecting Tables and Applications.     Writing Fixtures     Fixtures and Traffic Lights 21. Column Fixtures.     Fixture CalculateDiscount     Extending Credit     Selecting a Phone Number     ColumnFixture in General     Summary     Exercises 22. Action Fixtures.     Buying Items     Changing State of Chat Room     ActionFixture in General     Summary     Exercises 23. List Fixtures.     Testing Unordered Lists     Testing Ordered Lists     Testing a List with Parameters     Summary     Exercises 24. Fixtures for Sequences of Tables.     Chat Room Fixtures     Discount Group Fixtures     Summary     Exercises 25. Using Other Values in Tables.     Standard Values     Values of Money     Values in FitNesse and the Flow Fixtures     Summary     Exercises 26. Installing and Running Fit.     Installing Fit and FitLibrary     Running Fit on Folders     Running Fit on HTML Files     Running Tests During the Build     Other Ways to Run Tests     Summary 27. Installing FitNesse.     Installation     Locating the Code     Larger-Scale Use with Virtual Wiki     Debugging FitNesse Tests     Summary     Exercises 28. FitLibrary Fixtures.     Flow-Style Actions with DoFixture     DoFixtures as Adapters     Using SetFixture     Expected Errors with DoFixture     Actions on Domain Objects with DoFixture     DoFixture in General     Setup     CalculateFixture Tables     Ordered-List Tables     Testing Parts of a List     Using Other Values in Flow Tables     Summary     Exercises 29. Custom Table Fixtures.     Business Forms     Testing Associations     Two-Dimensional Images     Summary IV. DEVELOPING FIXTURES FOR RENTAPARTYSOFTWARE. 30. Fixtures and Adapting the Application.     Introduction     The Programmers' Perspective     System Architecture     Test Infecting for Improvements     The Rest of This Part 31. Emily's First Fixture.     The Table     Developing the Fixture     Summary     Exercises 32. Fixtures Testing Through the User Interface.     Introduction     Spike     The Fixtures     The Adapter     Showing Others     Summary 33. Restructuring the System for Testing.     Test Infecting     Slow Tests     Setup     Barriers to Testing     Transactions     Transaction Fixture     Split Domain and Data Source Layers     Reduce Interdependencies     Summary 34. Mocks and Clocks.     Introduction     Changing the Date     Time-Related Object Interactions     Date Formatting     Changing the Application in Small Steps     Summary 35. Running Calculation Tests Indirectly.     Testing Directly     Testing Indirectly     Summary 36. Closing for Programmers at RPS.     The Value of Fit Tables     Getting Fit at RPS V. CUSTOM DEVELOPMENT. 37. The Architecture of Fit.     Running Fit     Parse Tree     doTable()     Counts in Class Fixture     The Fixture Subclasses     TypeAdapter     Summary     Exercises 38. Developing Custom Fixtures.     Using SetUpFixture     SetUpFixture     ImageFixture     Summary 39. Custom Runners.     Runners     Calculator Runner     Reading Tests from a Text File     Reading Tests from a Spreadsheet     Summary 40. Model-Based Test Generation.     Symmetries: Operations That Cancel Each Other     Generate a Simple Sequence     Generate an Interleaved Sequence     Summary     Exercises VI. APPENDICES. Appendix A: Background Material.     Testing     Agile Software Development     Ubiquitous Language Appendix B: Book Resources Web Site. Appendix C: Fit and Other Programming Languages.     Table Portability     Other Programming Languages Bibliography. Index.