A comprehensive overview of functional nanosystems based on organic and polymeric materials and their impact on current and future research and technology in the highly interdisciplinary field of materials science. As such, this handbook covers synthesis and fabrication methods, as well as properties and characterization of supramolecular architectures. Much of the contents are devoted to existing and emerging applications, such as organic solar cells, transistors, diodes, nanowires and molecular switches. The result is an indispensable resource for materials scientists, organic chemists, molecular physicists and electrochemists looking for a reliable reference on this hot topic.

Table of Contents:
VOLUME 1 PART I: Modeling and Theory CHARGE TRANSPORT IN ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS: A MULTISCALE MODELING Introduction Organic Single Crystals Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives Polythiophene Derivatives Polymer Dielectrics Outlook MONTE CARLO STUDIES OF PHASE TRANSITIONS AND COOPERATIVE MOTION IN LANGMUIR MONOLAYERS WITH INTERNAL DIPOLES Introduction Computational Details Results and Discussion Summary MOLECULES ON GOLD SURFACES: WHAT THEY DO AND HOW THEY GO AROUND TO DO IT Introduction A Simple Description of the Geometrical Structure of Metals A Simple Description of the Geometrical Structure of Molecules Electronegativity Governs Chemical Interactions: Charge Equilibration, Qeq, Models A Simple Description of the Interaction between Metal Surfaces and Molecules Presence of an External Electric Potential or Field Generality of the Model and Its Transferability Thiolates on Gold Adsorption of a Large Molecule: C60 Simple Packing Problems The Presence of an Electrostatic Potential Challenges and Conclusion PART II: Supramolecular Synthetic Chemistry CONJUGATED POLYMER SENSORS: DESIGN, PRINCIPLES, AND BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS Introduction Water Solubility Protein Detection DNA Detection Bacteria Detection Electron-Deficient Polymers Aggregation-Based Detection Temperature-Responsive Fluorescent Polymers Nonhomogeneous Detection Schemes Mechanism of Energy Transfer Conclusions and Future Directions CHROMOPHORIC POLYISOCYANIDE MATERIALS Introduction Polyisocyanide Materials Perylene Polyisocyanides in Devices TFT Devices Morphology Control in Perylene/Crystal Systems Postmodification of Polyisocyanopeptides Toward Larger Length Scales: Polyisocyanopeptide Brushes Summary and Outlook FUNCTIONAL POLYPHENYLENES FOR SUPRAMOLECULAR ORDERING AND APPLICATION IN ORGANIC ELECTRONICS Introduction Conjugated Polymers Graphene Molecules and Their Alignment Rylenes Dyes Dendritic Polyphenylenes: The Three-Dimensional Case Conclusion and Outlook MOLECULAR TECTONICS: DESIGN OF HYBRID NETWORKS AND CRYSTALS BASED ON CHARGE-ASSISTED HYDROGEN BONDS Introduction Examples of Rubust Charge-Assisted H-Bonded (CAHB) Networks Charge-Assisted H-Bonded Networks Based on Amidinium Tectons Charge-Assisted H-Bonded Networks Based on Amidinium and Polycyanometallate Tectons Properties of Charge-Assisted H-Bonded Networks Based on Amidinium Tectons Design of Crystals Based on CAHB Networks Conclusion SYNTHESIS AND DESIGN OF PI-CONJUGATED ORGANIC ARCHITECTURES DOPED WITH HETEROATOMS Introduction Boron Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium Miscellaneous Conclusions PART III: Nanopatterning and Processing FUNCTIONALIZATION AND ASSEMBLING OF INORGANIC NANOCONTAINERS FOR OPTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS Introduction Zeolite L as Inorganic Nanocontainers Functionalization of Zeolites: Host-Guest Chemistry and Surface and Channel Functionalizations Photoinduced Processes in Zeolites Self-Assembly in Solution and on Surfaces Possible Optical and Biomedical Applications of Nanocontainers SOFT LITHOGRAPHY FOR PATTERNING SELF-ASSEMBLING SYSTEMS Introduction Self-Assembling Systems Soft Lithography Contact Printing of SAMs with High Resolution Soft Lithography to Pattern Assemblies of Nanoparticles Soft Lithography Pattern Supramolecular Assembly Concluding Remarks COLLOIDAL SELF-ASSEMBLY OF SEMICONDUCTING POLYMER NANOSPHERES: A NOVEL ROUTE TO FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURES FOR ORGANIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES Introduction Formation of Semiconducting Polymer Nanospheres Driving Forces behind Nanoparticle Self-Assembly Processes Deposition Methods for Aqueous Dispersions of Semiconducting Polymer Nanospheres Conclusions PHOTOLITHOGRAPHIC PATTERNING OF ORGANIC ELECTRONIC MATERIALS Introduction Photolithographic Methods for Patterning Organic Materials Conclusions and General Considerations PART IV: Scanning Probe Microscopies TOWARD SUPRAMOLECULAR ENGINEERING OF FUNCTIONAL NANOMATERIALS: PREPROGRAMMING MULTICOMPONENT 2D SELF-ASSEMBLY AT SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACES Introduction Van der Waals Interactions Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions Metal-Ligand Interactions Conclusions and Outlook STM CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPRAMOLECULAR MATERIALS WITH POTENTIAL FOR ORGANIC ELECTRONICS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY Introduction Characterization Using STM and Related Technologies Molecular Systems with Applications in Electronics Optically Active Molecules Magnetic Systems STM Characterization and Biological Surface Science Using the STM to Initiate Chemical Reactions Conclusions and Perspective SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY INSIGHTS INTO SUPRAMOLECULAR PI-CONJUGATED NANOSTRUCTURES FOR OPTOELECTRONIC DIVICES Introduction: SPM Techniques for the Nanoscale Characterization of Organic Thin Films Controlling the Supramolecular Assembly and Nanoscale Morphology of Pi-Conjugated (Macro)Molecules Effect of the Nanoscale Morphology on the Optoelectronic Properties and Device Performances Conclusions and Perspectives SINGLE-MOLECULE ORGANIC ELECTRONICS: TOWARD FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES Introduction Techniques Summary and Outlook VOLUME 2 PART V: Electronic and Optical Properties CHARGE TRANSFER EXCITIONS IN SUPRAMOLECULAR SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES Introduction Experimental Methodologies Delayed PL Decay Dynamics: Evidence of Charge Transfer Exciton Recombination in T6 Distribution of Charge Transfer Exciton Radii Conclusions OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND ELECTRONIC STATES IN ANISOTROPIC CONJUGATED POLYMERS: INTRA- AND INTERCHAIN EFFECTS Introduction Polymer Properties and Orientation Intrachain Effects Interchain Effects Conclusions NANOSCALE SHAPE OF CONJUGATED POLYMER CHAINS REVEALED BY SINGLE-MOLECULE SPECTROSCOPY Introduction The Single-Molecule Approach Chain Shape Conclusions ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE ENGINEERING THROUGH INTRAMOLECULAR POLAR BONDS Introduction Electrostatic Considerations Introducing Energy Levels Intrinsic Intramolecular Surface Dipoles Implications for Materials and Devices Conclusions PART VI: Field-Effect Transistors CRYSTAL STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP IN OFETS Introduction Single-Crystal OFETs Crystal Packing Motifs Polymorphism Summary BIOACTIVE SUPRAMOLECULAR ARCHITECTURES IN ELECTRONIC SENSING DEVICES Introduction Supramolecular Architectures for Organic Thin-Film Field-Effect Sensing Transistors Bioactive Sensing Layer Sensing Devices with Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Architectures Electronic Sensing Devices with Phospholipid Layer Architectures Conclusions and Perspectives FIELD-EFFECT DEVICES BASED ON ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROJUNCTIONS Introduction Field-Effect Devices Conclusions FUNCTIONAL SEMICONDUCTING BLENDS Introduction Processing Aids Mechanically Tough Semiconducting Blends Ferroelectric Semiconducting Blends Photovoltaic Blends Conclusions PART VII: Solar Cells HYBRID ORGANIC-INORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC DIODES: PHOTOACTION AT THE HETEROJUNCTION AND CHARGE COLLECTION THROUGH MESOSTRUCTURED COMPOSITES Introduction Basic Operating Principles of Hybrid Solar Cells Photoaction at the Heterojunction: Light Harvesting, Charge Generation, and Recombination Pore Filling and Current Collection in Hybrid Solar Cells Summary and Outlook NANOSTRUCTURED HYBRID SOLAR CELLS Introduction Motivation Materials Nanostructures Summary and Outlook DETERMINATION AND CONTROL OF MICROSTRUCTURE IN ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES Introduction Measurement of Microstructure in Polyer: Fullerene Blend Films Control of the Structure of Organic Photovoltaic Materials through Chemical Design Control of Microstructure in Polymer: Fullerene Blend Devices via Processing Numerical Simulations of Microstructure Conclusions MORPHOLOGY AND PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES OF POLYMER-POLYMER BLENDS Introduction Neutral Excitations at Polymer-Polymer Heterojunctions Polymer-Polymer Blends Formed in Nanoparticles Excited State and Photovoltaic Properties of Blends of M3EH-PPV with CN-Ether-PPV Correlation Between Heterojunction Topology and Fill Factor Concluding Remarks PART VIII: LEDs/LECs THE LIGHT-EMITTING ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL: UTILIZING IONS FOR SELF-ASSEMBLY AND IMPROVED DEVICE OPERATION Introduction Historical Background and Liquid-Containing LECs The Solid-State LEC The Controversial Operational Mechanism The Self-Assembled and Dynamic p-n Junction Device Performance Concluding Remarks OPTICAL AND ELECTROLUMINESCENT PROPERTIES OF CONJUGATED POLYROTAXANES Introduction Conjugated Polyrotaxanes as Insulated Molecular Wires and Organic Nanostructures Solution Optical Properties of Conjugated Polyrotaxanes: Control and Tuning of Intermolecular Interactions Role of Progressive Encapsulation in the Control fo the Photophysics of Conjugated Polyrotaxanes Role of Cyclodextrin Size on the Photophysics and Resistance to Quenching of Conjuated Polyrotaxanes Ionic Interactions in the Solid State and Solutions with Poly(ethylene Oxide) (PEO) Solid-State Optical and Electroluminescent Properties of Conjugated Polyrotaxanes Electroluminescence of Conjugated Polyrotaxanes Conclusions