Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology is designed specifically for nursing and healthcare students, providing a straightforward, jargon-free, accessible introduction to pathophysiology. Highly visual and written specifically for students, the second edition of this best-selling textbook provides clear explanations of the anatomy of the human body, and the effects of disease or illness on normal physiology. To make study easier, the book includes learning outcomes, a range of activities to test learning, key words, end-of-chapter glossaries, and clinical case scenarios, and is supported by an online resource centre with further activities and exercises.
Key Features:
- Superb full colour illustrations, bringing this subject to life
- Full of extra features to help improve the learning process, including key words, test-your-knowledge, exercises, further reading and learning outcomes
- New case studies throughout to help you understand how to apply the knowledge in clinical practice
- Supported by an online resource centre at www.wiley.com/go/fundamentalsofappliedpathophysiology with fantastic extras for both lecturers and students, including an image bank, interactive multiple choice questions, true/false exercises, word-searches, glossary flash-cards, label-the diagram activities, and more!
Table of Contents:
About the series xiv
Contributors xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Copyright information xviii
Preface xix
How to get the best out of your textbook xx
Features contained within your textbook xxii
How to use the website xxiii
Introduction xxiv
Chapter 1 Cell and body tissue physiology 1
Anthony Wheeldon
Introduction 2
Anatomy of the cell 2
The cell membrane 3
Cytoplasm 9
Nucleus 9
Mitosis and meiosis 10
The organelles 14
Types of cells 18
Tissues 19
Tissue repair 26
Conclusion 27
Activities 28
Glossary of terms 31
References 35
Chapter 2 Cancer 36
Carl Clare
Introduction 38
Biology of cancer 39
Causes of cancer 42
Staging of cancers 46
Signs and symptoms of cancer 47
Treatment of cancer 48
Prevention of cancer 50
Examples of cancers 51
Conclusion 56
Activities 57
Further resources 60
Glossary of terms 60
References 64
Chapter 3 Infl ammation, immune response and healing 66
Janet G. Migliozzi
Introduction 68
Infectious micro-organisms 68
Spread of infection 69
Types of infectious micro-organisms 73
The immune system 78
Organs, cells and proteins of the immune system 78
Infl ammatory response 84
Conclusion 86
Activities 87
Further resources 90
Glossary of terms 91
References 95
Chapter 4 Shock 96
Janet G. Migliozzi
Introduction 98
Types of shock 99
Pathophysiology of shock 102
Stages of shock 103
Care of the patient in shock 105
Conclusion 107
Activities 109
Further resources 111
Glossary of terms 112
References 113
Chapter 5 The heart and associated disorders 114
Muralitharan Nair
Introduction 116
Location of the heart 116
Structures of the heart 117
Blood fl ow through the heart 119
Conducting systems of the heart 120
Nerve supply of the heart 122
Diseases of the heart 123
Conclusion 135
Activities 136
Further resources 138
Glossary of terms 139
References 141
Chapter 6 The vascular system and associated disorders 142
Muralitharan Nair
Introduction 144
Overview of blood vessels 144
Structure of the blood vessels 144
Blood pressure 149
Diseases of the blood vessels 150
Conclusion 168
Activities 169
Further resources 172
Glossary of terms 173
References 174
Chapter 7 The blood and associated disorders 176
Muralitharan Nair
Introduction 178
Composition of blood 178
Properties of blood 178
Functions of blood 179
Plasma 180
Formed elements of blood 182
Haemostasis 187
Blood groups 188
Diseases of the blood 190
Conclusion 204
Activities 204
Further resources 206
Glossary of terms 207
References 209
Chapter 8 The renal system and associated disorders 210
Muralitharan Nair
Introduction 212
The renal system 212
Disorders of the renal system 222
Conclusion 233
Activities 234
Further resources 236
Glossary of terms 237
References 239
Chapter 9 The respiratory system and associated disorders 240
Anthony Wheeldon
Introduction 242
Anatomy and physiology 242
Disorders of the respiratory system 251
Conclusion 267
Activities 268
Further resources 269
Glossary of terms 270
References 274
Chapter 10 The nervous system and associated disorders 276
Janet G. Migliozzi
Introduction 278
Structure of the nervous system 278
Disorders of the nervous system 286
Conclusion 299
Activities 300
Further resources 303
References 304
Glossary of terms 304
Chapter 11 The gastrointestinal system and associated disorders 306
Louise McErlean
Introduction 308
Digestion 309
Structure of the gastrointestinal system 309
Accessory organs of digestion 320
Disorders of the digestive system 322
Conclusion 330
Activities 331
Further resources 334
Glossary of terms 335
References 337
Chapter 12 Nutrition and associated disorders 338
Muralitharan Nair
Introduction 340
Macronutrients 340
Micronutrients 343
Nutritional requirements 345
Nutritional disorders 346
Conclusion 354
Activities 355
Further resources 358
Glossary of terms 359
References 360
Chapter 13 The endocrine system and associated disorders 362
Carl Clare
Introduction 364
Hormones 366
The physiology of the endocrine glands 368
Disorders of the endocrine system 375
The pancreas 385
Conclusion 389
Activities 390
Further resources 392
Glossary of terms 392
References 395
Chapter 14 The reproductive systems and associated disorders 398
Ian Peate
Introduction 400
Reproductive health 400
The pelvis 401
The female reproductive tract 402
The menstrual cycle 405
The female breast 407
Menstrual disorders 407
The male reproductive tract 416
Male reproductive disorders 418
Conclusion 423
Activities 423
Further resources 426
Glossary of terms 427
References 428
Chapter 15 Pain and pain management 430
Anthony Wheeldon
Introduction 432
The physiology of pain 432
Pain classifi cation 439
The pain experience 440
Pain theories 440
Pain pathophysiology and management 442
Conclusion 458
Activities 459
Further resources 462
Glossary of terms 463
References 467
Chapter 16 The musculoskeletal system and associated disorders 470
Ian Peate
Introduction 472
The musculoskeletal system 472
The nervous system 477
Assessing the patient with a musculoskeletal disorder 477
Disorders of the musculoskeletal system 479
Conclusion 491
Activities 493
Further resources 496
Glossary of terms 497
References 499
Chapter 17 Fluid and electrolyte balance and associated disorders 500
Ian Peate
Introduction 502
Body fluid compartments 502
Composition of body fluid 502
Body fluid balance 504
Disorders associated with fl uid and electrolyte imbalance 510
Conclusion 519
Activities 520
Further resources 522
Glossary of terms 523
References 524
Chapter 18 The skin and associated disorders 526
Ian Peate
Introduction 528
The anatomy and physiology of the skin 529
Disorders of the skin 536
Conclusion 548
Activities 549
Further resources 552
Glossary of terms 553
References 554
Chapter 19 The ear, nose and throat, and eyes, and associated disorders 556
Carl Clare
Introduction 558
Physiology of the ear, nose and throat 558
Physiology of the eye 562
Disorders of the ear, nose and throat, and eye 564
Conclusion 577
Activities 578
Further resources 580
Glossary of terms 580
References 584
Appendix A Reference values in venous serum (adults) 586
Appendix B List of units 590
Index 591
