A classic developmental skills text for lower-intermediate and intermediate English language learners, Fundamentals of English Grammar is a comprehensive reference grammar as well as a stimulating and teachable classroom text.   While keeping the same basic approach and material as in earlier editions, the fourth edition more fully develops communicative and interactive language-learning activities. Some of the new features are: Innovative Warm-Up exercises that precede the grammar charts and introduce points to be taught Structure-based listening exercises ranging from casual speech to more academic content A wide selection of readings that highlight the target grammar structures Greatly expanded speaking practice with extensive pair, group, and class work Writing activities with models for students to follow Corpus-informed syllabus that reflects the discourse patterns of spoken and written English Audio CDs and Listening Script in the back of the Student Book

Table of Contents:
  Chapter 1         Present Time 1-1      Simple present and present progressive 1-2      Forms of the simple present and present progressive 1-3      Frequency adverbs 1-4      Singular/plural 1-5      Spelling of final —s/-es 1-6      Non-action verbs 1-7      Present verbs: short answers to yes/no questions   Chapter 2         Past Time 2-1      Expressing past rime: the simple past 2-2      Spelling of —ing and —ed forms 2-3      The principal parts of a verb 2-4      Common irregular verbs: a reference list 2-5      Regular verbs: pronunciation of —ed endings 2-6      Simple past and past progressive 2-7      Expressing past time: using time clauses 2-8      Expressing past habit: used to   Chapter 3         Future Time 3-1      Expressing future time: be going to and will 3-2      Forms with be going to 3-3      Forms with will 3-4      Certainty about the future 3-5      Be going to vs. will 3-6      Expressing the future in time clauses and if-clauses 3-7      Using the present progressive to express future time 3-8      Using the simple present to express future time 3-9      Immediate future: using be about to 3-10    Parallel verbs   Chapter 4         Present Perfect and the Past Perfect 4-1      Past participle 4-2      Present perfect with since and for 4-3      Negative, question, and short-answer forms 4-4      Present perfect with unspecified time 4-5      Simple past vs. present perfect 4-6      Present perfect progressive 4-7      Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect 4-8      Past perfect   Chapter 5         Asking Questions 5-1      Yes/no questions and short answers 5-2      Yes/no and information questions 5-3      Where, why, when, what time, how come, what…for 5-4      Questions with who, who(m), and what 5-5      Using what + a form of do 5-6      Using which and what kind of 5-7      Using whose 5-8      Using how 5-9      Using how often 5-10    Using how far 5-11    Length of time: it + take and how long 5-12    Spoken and written contractions with question words 5-13    More questions with how 5-14    Using how about and what about 5-15    Tag questions   Chapter 6         Nouns and Pronouns 6-1      Plural forms of nouns 6-2      Pronunciation of final —s/-es 6-3      Subjects, verbs, and objects 6-4      Objects of prepositions 6-5      Prepositions of time 6-6      Word order: place and time 6-7      Subject-verb agreement 6-8      Using adjectives to describe nouns 6-9      Using nouns as adjectives 6-10    Personal pronouns: subjects and objects 6-11    Possessive nouns 6-12    Possessive pronouns and adjectives 6-13    Reflexive nouns 6-14    Singular forms of other: another vs. the other 6-15    Plural forms of other: other(s) vs. the other(s) 6-16    Summary of forms of other   Chapter 7         Modal Auxiliaries 7-1      The form of modal auxiliaires 7-2      Expressing ability: can and could 7-3      Expressing possibility: may, might, and maybe;             Expressing permission: may and can 7-4      Using could to express possibility 7-5      Polite questions: may I, could I, can I 7-6      Polite questions: would you, could you, will you, can you 7-7      Expressing advice: should and ought to 7-8      Expressing advice: had better 7-9      Expressing necessity: have to, have got to, must 7-10    Expressing lack of necessity: do not have to;             Expressing prohibition: must not 7-11    Making logical conclusions: must 7-12    Tag questions with modal auxiliaries 7-13    Giving instructions: imperative questions 7-14    Making suggestions: let’s and why don’t 7-15    Stating preferences: prefer, like … better, would rather   Chapter 8         Connecting Ideas 8-1      Connecting ideas with and 8-2      Connecting ideas with but and or 8-3      Connecting ideas with so 8-4      Using auxiliary verbs with but 8-5      Using and + too, so, either, neither 8-6      Connecting ideas with because 8-7      Connecting ideas with even though/although   Chapter 9         Comparisons 9-1      Making comparisons with as … as 9-2      Comparative and superlative 9-3      Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs 9-4      Completing a comparative 9-5      Modifying a comparative 9-6      Comparisons with less … than and not as … as 9-7      Using more with nouns 9-8      Repeating a comparative 9-9      Using double comparatives 9-10    Using superlatives 9-11    Using the same, similar, different, like, alike   Chapter 10        The Passive 10-1    Active sentences and passive sentences 10-2    Forms of the passive 10-3    Transitive and intransitive verbs 10-4    Using the by-phrase 10-5    Passive modal auxiliaries 10-6    Using past participles as adjectives (non-progressive passive) 10-7    Participial adjectives: -ed vs. -ing 10-8    Get + adjective; get + past participle 10-9    Usingbe used/accustomed to and get used/accustomed to 10-10  Used to vs. be used to 10-11  Using be supposed to   Chapter 11        Count/Noncount Nouns and Articles 11-1    A vs. an 11-2    Count and noncount nouns 11-3    Noncount nouns 11-4    More noncount nouns 11-5    Using several, a lot of, many/much, and a few/a little 11-6    Nouns that can be count or noncount 11-7    Using units of measure with noncount nouns 11-8    Guidelines for article usage 11-9    Using the or Ø with names 11-10  Capitalization   Chapter 12        Adjective Clauses 12-1    Adjective clauses: introduction 12-2    Using who or that in adjective clauses to describe people 12-3    Using object pronouns in adjective clauses to describe people 12-4    Using pronouns in adjective clauses to describe things 12-5    Singular and plural verbs in adjective clauses 12-6    Using prepositions in adjective clauses 12-7    Using whose in adjective clauses   Chapter 13        Gerunds and Infinitives 13-1    Verb + gerund 13-2    Go + -ing 13-3    Verb + infinitive 13-4    Verb + gerund or infinitive 13-5    Preposition + gerund 13-6    Using by and with to express how something is done 13-7    Using gerunds as subjects; using it + infinitive 13-8    It + infinitive: using for (someone) 13-9    Expressing purpose with in order to and for 13-10  Using infinitives with too and enough   Chapter 14        Noun Clauses 14-1    Noun clauses: introduction 14-2    Noun clauses that begin with a question word 14-3    Noun clauses that begin with if or whether 14-4    Noun clauses that begin with that 14-5    Other uses of that-clauses 14-6    Substituting so for a that-clause in conversational responses 14-7    Quoted speech 14-8    Quote speech vs. reported speech 14-9    Verb forms in reported speech 14-10  Common reporting verbs: tell, ask, answer/reply     Appendix        Supplementary Grammar Charts   Unit A: A-1  The present perfect vs. the past perfect                         A-2  The past progressive vs. the past perfect                         A-3  Still vs. anymore                         A-4  Additional verbs followed by that-clauses                         A-5  Additional expressions with be + that-clauses   Unit B: B-1  Phrasal verbs                         B-2  Phrasal verbs: a reference list   Unit C:            C-1  Preposition combinations: introduction                         C-2  Preposition combinations: a reference list     Listening Script Trivia Answers Index Audio CD Tracking List