Membrane reactors are increasingly replacing conventional separation, process and conversion technologies across a wide range of applications. Exploiting advanced membrane materials, they offer enhanced efficiency, are very adaptable and have great economic potential. There has therefore been increasing interest in membrane reactors from both the scientific and industrial communities, stimulating research and development. The two volumes of the Handbook of membrane reactors draw on this research to provide an authoritative review of this important field.Volume 2 reviews reactor types and industrial applications, beginning in part one with a discussion of selected types of membrane reactor and integration of the technology with industrial processes. Part two goes on to explore the use of membrane reactors in chemical and large-scale hydrogen production from fossil fuels. Electrochemical devices and transport applications of membrane reactors are the focus of part three, before part four considers the use of membrane reactors in environmental engineering, biotechnology and medicine. Finally, the book concludes with a discussion of the economic aspects of membrane reactors.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, the two volumes of the Handbook of membrane reactors provide an authoritative guide for membrane reactor researchers and materials scientists, chemical and biochemical manufacturers, industrial separations and process engineers, and academics in this field.

Table of Contents:
Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy Foreword Preface Part I: Selected types of membrane reactor and integration with industrial processes Chapter 1: Engineering aspects of membrane bioreactors Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Biocatalysts and their immobilization 1.3 Membranes as enzyme supports and for downstream processing 1.4 Membrane bioreactor configurations 1.5 Modelling and simulation: kinetics of enzyme reactions 1.6 Transport phenomena and the effectiveness of immobilized biocatalysts 1.7 Productivity of membrane bioreactors 1.8 Applications of membrane bioreactors 1.9 Conclusions and future trends 1.11 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 2: Membrane contactors: fundamentals, membrane materials and key operations Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Membranes for membrane contactors: techniques of fabrication 2.3 Membrane distillation (MD) technique: membranes and modules 2.4 Membrane distillation configurations 2.5 Heat and mass transport 2.6 Applications of membrane distillation in membrane bioreactors 2.7 Osmotic membrane distillation (OMD) 2.8 Membrane crystallisation 2.9 Conclusions and future trends 2.11 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 3: Pervaporation membrane reactors Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The basic concepts of integrated pervaporation – reaction processes 3.3 Classification of pervaporation membrane reactors 3.4 Overview of pervaporation membrane reactor applications 3.5 Conclusions and future trends 3.7 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 4: Multi-phase catalytic membrane reactors Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Contact modalities in multi-phase catalytic membrane reactors 4.3 Multi-phase membrane reactors: fundamental concepts, modelling and operations 4.4 Materials and catalytic membranes for membrane reactors 4.5 Typical reactions with three-phase membrane reactors 4.6 Conclusion and future trends 4.8 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 5: Microreactors and membrane microreactors: fabrication and applications Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Microreactors 5.3 Microreactor design and fabrication methods 5.4 Micromembranes 5.5 Catalyst coating techniques and hydrogen production in microreactors 5.6 An overview of membrane microreactors 5.7 Conclusions and future trends 5.9 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 6: Photocatalytic membrane reactors: fundamentals, membrane materials and operational issues Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Physico-chemical and photocatalytic properties of semiconductor materials 6.3 Heterogeneous photoreactors and photocatalytic systems 6.4 Materials and design of photocatalytic membranes 6.5 Polymeric membranes 6.7 Photocatalytic membrane reactors with suspended photocatalyst 6.8 Conclusions and future trends 6.10 Appendix: nomenclature 6.10.2 Abbreviations Chapter 7: Integrating different membrane operations and combining membranes with conventional separation techniques in industrial processes Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Water desalination 7.3 Wastewater treatment 7.4 Agro-food production 7.5 Polymeric membranes for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants 7.6 Integration of a membrane reactor with a fuel cell 7.7 Solar membrane reformer 7.8 Membrane integrated system in the fusion reactor fuel cycle 7.9 Conclusions and future trends 7.11 Appendices Part II: Membrane reactors in chemical and large-scale hydrogen production from fossil fuels Chapter 8: Applications of dense ceramic membrane reactors in selected oxidation and dehydrogenation processes for chemical production Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Oxygen-permeable membrane reactors 8.3 Hydrogen permeable membrane reactors 8.4 Conclusions and future trends 8.5 Acknowledgements 8.7 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 9: Chlor-alkali technology: fundamentals, processes and materials for diaphragms and membranes Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Main electrolysis technologies 9.3 Diaphragms 9.4 Membranes 9.5 Improved electrolysis concepts 9.6 Conclusions and future trends 9.7 Sources of further information 9.9 Appendix: nomenclature Greek symbols Subscripts and superscripts 9.9.2 Abbreviations Chapter 10: Use of membranes in systems for electric energy and hydrogen production from fossil fuels Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Reference fossil-fuel-based technologies for hydrogen production and large-scale power generation 10.3 Commercially ready technologies for CO2 capture from reference plants 10.4 Integration of membranes in plants for power or hydrogen production 10.5 Integration of oxygen membranes 10.6 Integration of hydrogen membranes 10.7 Optimization of plant design specifications 10.8 Processes for treatment of off-gas streams 10.9 Conclusions and future trends 10.11 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 11: Palladium-based membranes for hydrogen separation: preparation, economic analysis and coupling with a water gas shift reactor Abstract: 11.1 Hydrogen selective membrane classification 11.2 Membrane preparation techniques 11.3 Membrane cost analysis 11.4 Membrane application case study: water gas shift (WGS) reactor 11.5 Conclusions and future trends Chapter 12: Membrane reactor for hydrogen production from natural gas at the Tokyo Gas Company: a case study Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Performance of the 40 Nm3/h-class membrane reformer 12.3 Advanced hydrogen separation module with membrane on catalyst 12.4 Conclusions and future trends 12.5 Acknowledgments Chapter 13: Integrating membranes into industrial chemical processes: a case study of steam reforming with membranes for hydrogen separation Abstract: 13.1 Integration of selective membranes in industrial plants 13.2 Reformer and membrane module Tecnimont KT plant 13.3 Reformer and membrane module plant behavior 13.4 Conclusions and future trends Chapter 14: Economic analysis of systems for electrical energy and hydrogen production: fundamentals and application to two membrane reactor processes Abstract: 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Calculation of the cost of electricity, hydrogen production and CO2 avoided 14.3 Calculation of construction and operating costs 14.4 Procedure application 14.5 Conclusions 14.6 Acknowledgments 14.8 Appendix: nomenclature Part III: Electrochemical devices and transport applications of membrane reactors Chapter 15: Electrochemical devices for energy: fuel cells and electrolytic cells Abstract: 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Principles and features of fuel cells 15.3 Low-temperature fuel cells: proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuels (DMFCs) 15.4 Other types of low-temperature fuel cell 15.5 High-temperature fuel cells: solid oxide and proton conductor fuel cells 15.6 High-temperature fuel cells: molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) and new concepts 15.7 Economic aspects of fuel cell development 15.8 Principles, features and applications of electrolysis cells 15.9 Conclusions and future trends 15.11 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 16: Palladium-based hollow cathode electrolysers for hydrogen production Abstract: 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Theory 16.3 Water electrolysers using thin-wall Pd–Ag tubes 16.4 Applications of Pd–Ag membrane cathodes 16.5 Conclusions and future trends 7 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 17: Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs): state-of-the-art with economic and environmental concerns Abstract: 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Technical aspects in the development of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) 17.3 Environmental impacts of FCVs 17.4 Economic analysis of FCVs 17.5 Comparing different hydrogen vehicle technologies: fuel cell vehicle (FCV), battery electric vehicle (BEV) and internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) 17.6 Conclusion and future trends 17.8 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 18: Design and engineering of metallic membranes for on-board steam reforming of biofuels in transport applications Abstract: 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Membrane materials, manufacturing and reactor design 18.3 Hydrogen permeation mechanism and solubility 18.4 Permeation kinetics 18.5 Membrane characterization and performances 18.6 Customized membranes for application in the automotive industry 18.7 Conclusions and future trends 18.8 Sources of further information 18.10 Appendix: nomenclature Greek symbols Part IV: Membrane reactors in environmental engineering, biotechnology and medicine Chapter 19: Membrane operations in wastewater treatment: complexation reactions coupled with membranes, pervaporation and membrane bioreactors Abstract: 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Coupling complexation reactions and membranes 19.3 Pervaporation 19.4 Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) 19.5 Selected applications in wastewater treatment 19.6 Conclusions and future trends 19.8 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 20: Biocatalytic membrane reactors for the removal of recalcitrant and emerging pollutants from wastewater Abstract: 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Fundamentals of biocatalytic membrane reactors 20.3 Varieties of membranes for biocatalytic membrane reactors 20.4 Emerging pollutants removal by biocatalyst membrane bioreactors 20.5 Emerging pollutants removal by membrane biofilm and extractive membrane bioreactors 20.6 Hybrid biocatalytic membrane reactors and modeling studies 20.7 Development challenges 20.8 Conclusions and future trends Chapter 21: Photocatalytic membrane reactors: configurations, performance and applications in water treatment and chemical production Abstract: 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Performance of membrane reactors with photocatalytic membranes 21.3 Photocatalytic membrane reactors with suspended photocatalyst utilizing pressure driven membrane techniques 21.4 Degradation of pharmaceutical compounds: coupling of solar photocatalysis and membrane reactor 21.5 Photocatalytic membrane reactors utilizing other membrane techniques 21.6 Modeling and economic analysis of membrane photoreactors 21.7 Conclusions and future trends 21.9 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 22: Biocatalytic membrane reactors: principles, preparation and biotechnological, pharmaceutical and medical applications Abstract: 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Principle of membrane bioreactors and biocatalytic membrane reactors 22.3 Preparation of biocatalytic membranes 22.4 Application of biocatalytic membrane reactors in biotechnology 22.5 Applications in the pharmaceutical field 22.6 Applications in the medical field 22.7 Conclusions and future trends 22.9 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 23: Economic aspects of membrane bioreactors Abstract: 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Rules of economic analysis 23.3 The parameters involved in an economic analysis of membrane reactors 23.4 Economic analysis applied to membrane bioreactors 23.5 Economics of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for wastewater treatment 23.6 Conclusions 23.8 Appendix: nomenclature Index