In How Language Informs Mathematics Dirk Damsma shows how Hegel’s and Marx’s systematic dialectical analysis of mathematical and economic language helps us understand the structure and nature of mathematical and capitalist systems. More importantly, Damsma shows how knowledge of the latter can inform model assumptions and help improve models. His book provides a blueprint for an approach to economic model building that does away with arbitrarily chosen assumptions and is sensitive to the institutional structures of capitalism. In light of the failure of mainstream economics to understand systemic failures like the financial crisis and given the arbitrary character of most assumptions in mainstream models, such an approach is desperately needed.

Table of Contents:
List of Figure and Tables Acknowledgements Brief Contents Note on the Style of Referencing and the Use of Capitalisation and Emphasis in this Work List of Symbols Introduction  1 On Marx’s and Hegel’s Dialectical Methods  Introduction  1 The Chronology of Hegel’s and Marx’s Historical and Systematic Dialectic  2 Hegel’s Method  3 Marx’s Comments on Hegel, Their Implications and Marx’s Twist on Hegel’s Dialectical Method  4 Commentators on and Studies of Marx’s Dialectics  Summary and Conclusions  Preview  2 The Dialectical Foundations of Mathematics  Introduction  1 Previous Literature on Hegel and Mathematics  2 Hegel’s Determination of the Quantitative  A Quality  2.1 Being  2.2 Nothing  2.3 Becoming  2.4 Presence  2.5 Something and Other  2.6 One and Many Ones  2.7 Attraction and Repulsion  B Quantity  2.8 Quantity  2.9 Continuous and Discrete Magnitude  2.10 Quantum and Number  2.11 Unit and Amount  2.12 Limit  2.13 Intensive and Extensive Magnitude  C Measure  2.14 Measure  3 Hegel’s Determination of Mathematical Mechanics  A Space and Time  3.1 Space  3.2 Spatial Dimensions  3.3 The Point  3.4 The Line  3.5 The Plane  3.6 Distinct Space  3.7 Time  3.8 Temporal Dimensions  3.9 Now  3.10 Place  3.11 Motion  3.12 Matter  Summary and Conclusions: How This Dialectic Reflects on Mathematics  Appendix: Comparison of the Determination of the Quantitative in the Wissenschaft and the Encyclopädie  A1 Being, Nothing, Becoming, Presence, Something and Others  A2 Qualitative Limit  A3 Finitude and Infinity  A4 True Infinite  A5 Being-for-self  A6 One, Many Ones, Repulsion, Attraction, Quantity, Continuous and Discrete Magnitude, Quantum, Number, Unit and Amount, Quantitative Limit and Intensive and Extensive Magnitude  A7 Quantitative Infinity  A8 Direct Ratio  A9 Inverse Ratio  A10 Ratio of Powers  A11 Measure  Concluding Remarks  3 Marx’s Systematic Dialectics and Mathematics  Introduction  1 Marx’s Acquaintance with and Ideas on Mathematics  2 Marx’s Exhibition of Capitalism as a System: The Systematic-Dialectical Position  2.1 Sociation  2.2 Dissociation  2.3 Association: The Exchange Relation  2.4 The Commodity, Exchangeability and the Bargain  2.5 Value in Exchange  2.6 The Simple, Expanded and General Commodity Form and the Money Form of Value  2.7 Money as Measure of Value, Means of Circulation and End of Exchange  2.8 Capital  2.9 Constant and Variable Capital  2.10 Accumulation  2.11 The Money Capital, Production Capital and Commodity Capital Circuits  2.12 Fixed and Circulating Capital  2.13 Simple Reproduction, Means of Production, Consumption Goods, Total Social Capital and Expanded Reproduction  2.14 General Rate of Profit, Many Capitals, Competition and Minimum Prices of Production  3 The Role of Mathematics in Marx’s Investigation and Exhibition in Capital: the Case of Marx’s “Schemes of Reproduction”  3.1 Simple Reproduction   3.1.1 The Model   3.1.2 Conclusions  3.2 Expanded Reproduction   3.2.1 The Model   3.2.2 Conclusions  Summary and Conclusions on the Role of Mathematics in Systematic-Dialectical Investigation and Exhibition  4 A Formal Dynamic Reconstruction of Marx’s Schemes of Reproduction along Dialectical Lines  Introduction  1 The Model for Simple Reproduction  2 Extensive Growth of Total Social Capital  3 The Model for Expanded Reproduction  Summary and Conclusions  Appendix: Derivations  A1 Accumulation and Growth Rate for Department c as a Function of Accumulation and Growth in Department p with Extensive Growth (expression 4.15 and 4.16)  A2 Constant Capital’s Growth Rate for Department c for the Case of Expanded Reproduction (expression 4.19)  A3 The Condition for Constant Rates of Accumulation in Case of Expanded Reproduction (expression 4.20)  Summary and General Conclusions  References  Author Index  Subject Index