Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 24. Chapters: Chunked transfer encoding, Content Security Policy, Do Not Track, HTTP/1.1 Upgrade header, HTTP cookie, HTTP ETag, HTTP header injection, HTTP location, HTTP referer, HTTP Strict Transport Security, List of HTTP header fields, Meta refresh, User agent, X-Forwarded-For. Excerpt: A cookie, also known as an HTTP cookie, web cookie, or browser cookie, is a small piece of data sent from a website and stored in a user's web browser while a user is browsing a website. When the user browses the same website in the future, the data stored in the cookie can be retrieved by the website to notify the website of the user's previous activity. Cookies were designed to be a reliable mechanism for websites to remember the state of the website or activity the user had taken in the past. This can include clicking particular buttons, logging in, or a record of which pages were visited by the user even months or years ago. Although cookies cannot carry viruses, and cannot install malware on the host computer, tracking cookies and especially third-party tracking cookies are commonly used as ways to compile long-term records of individuals' browsing histories - a major privacy concern that prompted European and US law makers to take action in 2011. Cookies can also store passwords and forms you filled in, such as credit cards numbers or your address. When a user accesses a Web site with a cookie function for the first time, a cookie is sent from server to the browser and stored with the browser in the local computer. Later when that user goes back to the same website, the website will recognize him because of the stored cookie with his information. Other kinds of cookies perform essential functions in the modern Web. Perhaps most importantly, authentication cookies are the most common method used by web servers to know whether the user...