Immunization: Childhood and Travel Health provides an all-encompassing reference for all those working in primary care, secondary care paediatric wards, immunization centres and travel clinics, as well as medical students and candidates working for higher examinations. The Fourth Edition has been comprehensively updated and the travel section completely revised. The book gives a thorough introduction to the history of immunization, vaccine technology and immunology, and compares international schedules of routine immunizations. Each vaccine is then presented separately, including contraindications, local and general side and adverse effects, administration advice, special precautions and notes, vaccine availability, storage, and well-referenced comments on issues surrounding each vaccine, including controversies. A description of the infection caused by the relevant microorganisms follows, together with data on disease notifications and immunization coverage. A considerable number of maps illustrate endemicity of diseases. One section is dedicated to issues relevant to primary care such as immunization fees and targets, audit, electronic recall systems, patient group directions and issues surrounding the immunization work of the practice nurse. The Fourth Edition includes an extensive section on travel health, which includes the latest travel statistics, travel clinics, detailed advice to travellers and legal issues that may arise. A considerable amount of information is included on air travel, contraindications to travel, and high altitude sickness. Specific information is given on advising travellers at risk because of pre-existing conditions, and how to best deal with the returned traveller. Advice is provided for each disease, including malaria, which is covered in detail. The last section contains information on notifiable diseases, reciprocal healthcare agreements, contact numbers for Embassies and High Commissions in London, a world travel advice checklist, and an extensive list of sources of travel information with contact address.

Table of Contents:

Foreword vii

Preface viii

List of abbreviations xi

Part 1 Introduction to Immunization and Vaccines

1 History of immunization 3

2 Timescale of vaccine introduction in the UK 8

3 Immunology immunization and vaccine development 9

4 The cold chain and vaccine storage 21

5 Transmission of infection 23

6 Infectivity and exclusion periods of infections 24

7 Immunization in practice 25

8 Expanded programme on immunization 30

9 Vaccine damage payment scheme 37

10 Information sheet for parents 38

11 Viral and bacterial vaccines 41

12 Special precautions for all vaccines 42

13 Special precautions for live vaccines 44

14 Treating anaphylaxis 46

Part 2 The UK National Immunization Programme Vaccines

15 Complications of infectious diseases and vaccines: an aide-memoire 51

16 Diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis (DTP) combined and diphtheria/tetanus (DT,Td) combined 54

17 Diphtheria 57

18 Tetanus 61

19 Pertussis 65

20 Haemophilus influenzae 76

21 Poliomyelitis 81

22 Measles/mumps/rubella combined vaccine 88

23 Measles 100

24 Mumps 104

25 Rubella 107

26 Meningococcal infection 112

27 Tuberculosis 122

Part 3 The Other Vaccines

28 Anthrax 135

29 Cholera 137

30 Hepatitis A 141

31 Hepatitis A and typhoid combined vaccine 151

32 Hepatitis B 153

33 Hepatitis A and B combined vaccine 177

34 Influenza 180

35 Japanese B encephalitis 193

36 Plague 197

37 Pneumococcal infection 199

38 Rabies 206

39 Tick-borne encephalitis 215

40 Typhoid 220

41 Varicella 226

42 Yellow fever 231

Part 4 The Practice and Immunization

43 Immunization fees and the UKGP 239

44 Immunization and audit 248

45 Electronic recall systems for completion of immunization 252

46 The practice nurse and immunization 261

47 Practice nurse: pre-vaccination checklist 267

Part 5 Travel Health

48 Introduction to travel health 271

49 Travel clinics 276

50 Advice to travellers 280

51 Legal aspects of advice for travellers 291

52 Air travel 293

53 Tunnel travel 305

54 Motion sickness 306

55 Sea cruises 308

56 High altitude sickness 309

57 Travellers at risk 311

58 The returned traveller 330

59 Malaria 364

Part 6 Immunization and Travel Information Resources

60 International Society of Travel Medicine 391

61 Specimen immunization exemption certificate 392

62 Notifiable diseases 393

63 Reciprocal healthcare agreements between the UK and other non-EEA countries 395

64 Sources of travel information: useful addresses/telephone numbers/websites 399

65 Embassies and High Commissions in London 412

66 World travel advice checklist 415

67 Travel vaccines administration summary 422

Index 425