This dissertation, "The Implications of Spatial and Social Structures for Time Patterns of Pedestrian Movements in Urban Streets" by Cheuk-hung, Sid, Chu, 朱卓雄, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of the thesis entitled The Implications of Spatial and Social Structures for Time Patterns of Pedestrian Movements in Urban Streets Submitted by CHU Cheuk Hung, Sid For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in December 2006 Human activities occupy territorial as well as time-space. At least since the 1970s, 'space of time' (or time-space) has been suggested as a new dimension in facilitating the planning of a city. However, so far the practical application of this idea has not been realized. In Hong Kong, a shortage of flat land has been the reason for its unique urban form of a densely built environment along narrow streets. Although newly developed districts have been promoted as the ideal of high-rise buildings set in large open spaces, the traditional street environment still appears to be the most vital part of urban Hong Kong. As the movement of pedestrians has increasingly become an issue for urban planners in Hong Kong, time-space is suggested as a possible resource for vitalizing the traditional street environment. This study explores the implications of the spatial and social structures of the urban realm for the time patterns of pedestrian movement in Hong Kong's street environment. The study's objective is to create a theoretical framework for the dimension of time-space in city planning, and to establish a methodology for creating preliminary models which can test the feasibility of this approach. In case studies of the districts: Wan Chai, Mong Kok and Sham Shui Po in Hong Kong, multiple regression was applied to variables comprising urban elements as identified in street-level facilities, general land-use and transportation facilities, to generate models of the time patterns in the daily cycle of pedestrian flow-rate and density. The result supports the hypothesis that similar spatial settings of urban elements (in the categories of street-level facilities, general land-use and transportation facilities) are likely to generate similar time patterns of pedestrian movement. This suggests that the propensity of pedestrians to follow a particular time-use pattern in their street environment is influenced by the spatial setting of urban elements, a propensity which offers an opportunity for street activities. The result also indicates that different urban elements have their specific characteristics which influence the generation of pedestrian activities, which is fairly consistent across districts. The finding reveals that the provision of urban elements in quantitative terms and the volume of pedestrian movement do not stand in a direct proportional relationship. This contrary relationship is especially significant for the land-use elements of office and residential space, which suggests the inadequacy of the contemporary philosophy of pedestrian planning in Hong Kong. Besides the spatial setting of urban elements, there is also evidence that the social structure of a district has implications for the time pattern of pedestrian movement, reflected in the time-use patterns of different social groups in their daily activity routines. The study concludes that the adoption of time-space as another dimension in the vitalization of a pedestrian environment in the urban streets of Hong Kong is a matter of urgency. The methodology proposed in this study has been v