This highly readable human services text offers a generalist view of the breadth and scope of human services.   This text uses various practice settings as a lens for examining the role and functions of the human service professional.  Because the human services profession grew out of a concern about social problems that prevented people from getting their needs met, it is important to examine the generalist role of human service professionals.  In addition, exploring the nature of working with individuals, families, or groups is more meaningful when explored within the context of a particular practice setting.

Table of Contents:
I.HUMAN SERVICES AS A PROFESSION.    1. INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN SERVICES PROFESSION: PURPOSE, PREPARATION, PRACTICE AND THEORETICAL ORIENTATIONS.           The Many Types of Human Service Professionals.  Why is Human Services Needed? Human Service Education and Licensure.  Duties and Functions of a Human Service Professional.      How Do Human Service Professionals Practice?     Theoretical Frameworks used in Human Services. Bronfenbenner’s Ecological Systems Theory.        PIE – Person in Environment.      Eco-systems Theory.     Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs  Understanding Human Services through a Look at Practice Settings.             2. HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY IN THE HUMAN SERVICES PROFESSION.           The Feudal System of the Middle Ages.     Poor Laws of England.     The Elizabethan Poor Laws. Protestant Reformation and Social Darwinism.         Charity Organization Societies.    Jane Addams and the Settlement House Movement.      The New Deal and the Social Security Act of 1935     Influences of African American Social Workers.     Welfare Reform and the Emergence of Neoliberal Economic Policies A Time for Change: The Election of the First African American President   3. Professional Ethics and Values in Human Services     Moral, But by Whose Standards?     Ethical Values vs. Emotional Desires: “I Know It Was Wrong, But We Were in Love!”     When Our Values Collide: “I Value Honesty, But What If Lives Are at Stake?”     The Development of Moral Reasoning     Developing a Professional Code of Ethics     Resolving Ethical Dilemmas     Cultural Influences on the Perception of Ethical Behavior     Ethical Standards in Human Services and Related Fields     Closing Thoughts on Professional Ethics       II.  GENERALIST PRACTICE AND THE ROLE OF THE HUMAN SERVICE PROFESSIONAL.           4. SKILLS AND INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR GENERALIST PRACTICE.     Informed Consent and Confidentiality      The Limits of Confidentiality        Skills and Competencies Sympathy and Empathy  Boundary Setting           The Hallmarks of Personal Growth           The Clinical Assessment  Patience            Active Listening Skills     Observation Skills          Family Genograms         Psychological Testing      Clinical Diagnoses          Criticisms of the DSM-IV-TR        Continuum of Mental Health         Case Management and Counseling           Basic Counseling Techniques for Generalist Practice          Task-Centered Casework            Perceptual Reframing, Emotional Regulation, Networking and Advocacy       Cultural Competence and Diversity   5. CHILD WELFARE SERVICES         Overview and Purpose of Child Welfare Agencies        The History of the Foster Care System in the United States            The U.S. Orphan Problem            The Orphan Asylum        The Seeds of Foster Care: The Orphan Trains       Overview of the Current U.S. Child Welfare System          Getting into the System  Child Abuse Investigations          Mandated Reporters       Sequence of Events in the Reporting and Investigation of Child Abuse         Types of Child Maltreatment        The Forensic Interview    To Intervene, or Not Intervene:  Models for Decision Making          Working with Children in Placement         Permanency Plans          Working with Biological Families   Biological Parents and their Children: Maintaining the Connection   Working with Foster Children: Common Clinical Issues      Separation         Loss, Grief and Mourning Identity Issues   Continuity of Family Ties Crisis    Working with Foster Parents        Reunification      Family Preservation        Ethnic Minority Populations and Multicultural Considerations         Placing Children of Color in Caucasian Homes       Native Americans and the U.S. Child Welfare System        Adoption Services            6. ADOLESCENT SERVICES       Adolescence: A New Stage of Development?         Developmental Perspectives        Common Clinical Issues and the Role of the Human Service Professional    Abstract Reasoning: A Dangerous Weapon in the Hands of an Adolescent    Adolescent Rebellion       Externalizing Behaviors   Internalizing Behaviors   Eating Disorders in the Adolescent Population       Schizophrenia in the Adolescent Population           Other Clinical Issues Affecting the Adolescent Population   Practice Settings Specific to Adolescent Treatment            Multicultural Considerations           7. AGING AND SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY    The Aging of America: Changing Demographics    Old and Old-Old: A Developmental Perspective     Successful Aging            Current Issues Impacting the Elderly and the Role of the Human Service Professional          Ageism  Housing Homelessness and the Elderly Population  Adjustment to Retirement           Grandparents Parenting  Depression        Dementia          Elder Abuse       Practice Settings Serving the Elderly        Special Populations           8. MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL ILLNESS      The History of Mental Illness: Perceptions and Treatment   The Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill           Common Mental Illnesses and Clinical Issues        Serious Mental Disorders Diagnosed on Axis I       Psychotic Disorders        Affective Disorders         Serious Mental Disorders Diagnosed on Axis II     Mental Health Practice Settings and Counseling Interventions         Intervention Strategies   Common Practice Settings          Mental Illness and Special Populations      Mental Illness and the Homeless Population          Mental Illness and the Prison Population: The Criminalization of the Mentally Ill        Mental Health Courts      Multicultural Considerations         Current Legislation Affecting Access to Mental Health Services        Mental Health Parity Other Federal Legislation   9. HOMELESSNESS       The Nature of Homelessness: A Snapshot of Homelessness in America      The Causes of Homelessness      History of Homelessness in the United States        The Contemporary Picture of Homelessness: The Rise of Single Parent Families       Homeless Shelter Living for Families with Children Homeless Children: School Attendance and Academic Performance            Runaway Youth  Single Men, the Mentally Ill and Substance Abuse  The Elderly Homeless     Current Policies and Legislation   The Role of the Human Service Professional: Working with the Homeless Population: Common Clinical Issues            Common Practice Settings for Working with the Homeless Population            10. HEALTHCARE AND HOSPICE Human Services in Hospitals        Crisis and Trauma Counseling     Working with Patients with HIV/AIDS        The Hospice Movement   The History of Hospice: The Neglect of the Dying   The Hospice Philosophy   The Hospice Team          The Role of the Hospice Human Services Worker   The Psychosocial Assessment      Intervention Strategies   Case Management and Counseling Services         Resisting the Reality of the Death            Planning for the Death    The Spiritual Component of Dying            Death and Dying: Effective Bereavement Counseling         The Journey Through Grief: A Task-Centered Approach     Multicultural Issues         Ethical Dilemmas in Hospice Care              11. SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND TREATMENT        History of the Substance Abuse Practice Setting      History of Use and Early Treatment Efforts within the United States The Prohibition Movement           The Rise of Modern Addiction Treatment in the United States          Demographics, Prevalence, and Usage Patterns    Defining Terms and Concepts      Theoretical Models of Use and Abuse        Types of Substances Abused       Abuse of Prescription Drugs        The Presence of Substance Abuse Across All Practice Settings        Acceptance of Problem   Hitting Bottom    Clinical Interventions      Motivational Interviewing            Cultural Sensitivity         Defining Treatment Goals            Abstinence         Harm Reduction Mode of Service Delivery            Availability of Treatment Public Programs Private Programs           Continuum of Care         Treatment Modalities      The Role of the Human Services Professional        Stages of Recovery        Relapse Prevention         Common Treatment Settings       Detoxification Programs  In-Patient Treatment Programs    Partial Hospitalization Programs   Residential Treatment Programs  Out-Patient Treatment    Pharmacological Treatments        Self-Help           Family Involvement          12. HUMAN SERVICES IN THE SCHOOLS           School Social Work         The School Social Work Model     School Social Work Roles, Functions, and Core Competencies        School Counseling          Historical Roots of School Counseling       School Counselors: Professional Identity  The Urban Problem         Common Roles and Functions of School Counselors           School Psychologists       Common Clinical Issues and Effective Responses by Human Services Personnel      Depression and other Mental Health Concerns       Diversity and Race         Gay, Lesbian, and Transgendered Youth   The Terrorism Threat and U.S. During Wartime     Substance Abuse            Child Abuse and Neglect Teenage Pregnancy        ADD and ADHD    13. FAITH-BASED AGENCIES   Faith-Based versus Secular Organizations Federal Funding of Faith-Based Human Service Agencies Methods of Practice in Faith-Based Agencies         The Benefits of Faith-Based Services        Religious Diversity in Faith-Based Organizations    Faith-Based Agencies: Services and Intervention Strategies           Jewish Human Services: Agencies and the Role of the Human Services Professional United Jewish Communities: The Federations of North America       Association of Jewish Family Services and Children’s Agencies       Christian Human Services: Agencies and the Role of the Human Services Professional         Rural Communities and the Black Church Catholic Charities           Prison Fellowship Ministries          Teen Challenge  Islamic Human Services: Agencies and the Role of the Human Services Professional            Islamic Social Services Association          Inner-City Muslim Action Network            Muslim Family Services     14. VIOLENCE, VICTIM ADVOCACY AND CORRECTIONS            Domestic Violence          The Nature of Domestic Violence: The Cycle of Violence    Counseling Victims of Domestic Violence  Whose Fault is it Anyway? Attributing Causality of Abuse in the Relationship            Does She Stay or Does She Go?  Domestic Violence Practice Settings         The Prosecution of Domestic Violence      Batterers Programs        Sexual Assault   Why People Commit Rape           The Psychological Impact of Sexual Assault          Male-on-Male Sexual Assault       Common Practice Settings: Rape Crisis Centers    Victims of Violent Crime  The Victims’ Bill of Rights            Victim-Witness Assistance           Surviving Victims of Homicide      Common Clinical Issues when Working with Victims of All Violent Crime      Perpetrators of Crime     Gang Activity     Risk-factors of Gang Involvement            Human Services Practice Settings Focusing on Gang Involvement   Human Services in Prison Settings           The War on Drugs          Clinical Issues in the Prison Population: The Role of the Human Services Professional           Mental Health Programs in Correctional Facilities   Prison and Pregnancy     STDs and AIDS  Barriers to Treatment       III. MACRO PRACTICE, INTERNATIONAL HUMAN SERVICES AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS    15. MACRO PRACTICE AND INTERNATIONAL HUMAN SERVICES            Why Macro Practice?       Vulnerable and Oppressed Populations     Mobilizing for Change:  Shared Goals of Effective Macro Practice Techniques           Common Aspects of Macro Practice          Community Development            Community Organizing   Policy Practice    The Global Community: International Human Services       HIV/AIDS Pandemic       Crimes Against Women and Children       Female Genital Mutilation            Human Sex Trafficking    Street Children  Child Labor and Economic Injustice          Indigenous People Refugees          Torture and Abuse          Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered Rights Macro Practice in Action    EPILOGUE: THE FUTURE OF HUMAN SERVICES            Avoiding Professional Burn-out    Human Services and Technology The Effect of the Economic Crisis and a New Presidential Administration on Human Service Practice