The latest edition of this classic text continues to set a high standard for introductory literature anthologies by maintaining the traditions that have made it a success while continuing to evolve through the addition of fresh, new readings.    Authors of collectively more than a dozen texts for both literature and composition, this distinguished team provides integrated coverage of the elements of literature and extensive discussions of the writing process.  Carefully selected classic and contemporary works, arranged in innovative and enlightening ways, incorporate a range of diverse voices.

Table of Contents:
Preface Letter to Students I. READING, THINKING, AND WRITING CRITICALLY ABOUT LITERATURE 1. Reading and Responding to Literature What Is Literature? Looking at an Example: Robert Frost, Immigrants                 Robert Frost, Immigrants Looking at a Second Example: Pat Mora, Immigrants                 Pat Mora, Immigrants Thinking About a Story: Luke, The Parable of the Prodigal Son. Stories True and False:  Grace Paley, Samuel What's Past Is Prologue                 • Katherine Mansfield, Miss Brill                 • Jamaica Kincaid, Girl Tobias Wolff, Powder James Merrill, Christmas Tree W. F. Bolton, Might We Too? 2. Writing About Literature: From Idea to Essay. Why Write? Getting Ideas: Pre-Writing. Annotating a Text. Brainstorming for Ideas for Writing. Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour Focused Free Writing. Listing and Clustering. Developing an Awareness of the Writer's Use of Language. Asking Questions. Keeping a Journal. Arriving at a Thesis. Writing a Draft. Sample Draft of an Essay on Kate Chopin's “The Story of an Hour” Revising a Draft. Peer Review. The Final Version A Brief Overview of the Final Version. Explication. A Sample Explication. William Butler Yeats, The Balloon of the Mind Comparison and Contrast. Review: How to Write an Effective Essay. Additional Reading. Kate Chopin, Ripe Figs •William Stafford, Traveling through the Dark Lorna Dee Cervantes, Refugee Ship José Armas, El Tonto del Barrio II. FICTION 3. Approaching Fiction: Responding in Writing. Ernest Hemingway, Cat in the Rain Responses, Annotations, and Journal Entries. A Sample Essay by a Student 4. Stories and Meanings: Plot, Character, Theme. Aesop, The Vixen and the Lioness  W. Somerset Maugham, The Appointment in Samara Anonymous, Muddy Road Anton Chekhov, Misery Kate Chopin, Desiree's Baby Alice Walker, Everyday Use • Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings 5. Narrative Point of View. Participant (or First-Person) Points of View Nonparticipant (or Third-Person) Points of View The Point of a Point of View John Updike, A & P Jack London, To Build a Fire Alice Elliot Dark, In the Gloaming V. S. Naipaul, The Night Watchman's Occurrence Book • Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall 6. Allegory and Symbol. A Note on Setting Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown • John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums Eudora Welty, A Worn Path Gabriel García Márquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: A Tale for Children 7. In Brief: Writing Arguments About Fiction. Plot Character. Point of View. Setting. Symbolism. Style. Theme. A Story, Notes, and an Essay. Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado A Student's Written Response to a Story Notes. A Sample Response Essay. 8. Three Fiction Writers in Depth: Flannery O'Connor, Raymond Carver,  and Alice Munro Flannery O’Connor: Two Stories and Observations on Literature Flannery O’Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find Flannery O’Connor, Revelation On Fiction: Remarks from Essays and Letters. From “The Fiction Writer and His Country” From “Some Aspects of the Grosteque in Southern Fiction” From “Th Nature and Aim of Fiction” From “Writing Short Stories” “A Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable” On Interpreting “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” Raymond Carver: Three Stories, an Interview, and Comments about Writing Raymond Carver, Mine Raymond Carver, Little Things Raymond Carver, Cathedral                 Talking About Stories                 On Rewriting                 On “Cathedral” Alice Munro: Two Stories, an Essay,  and an Interview                 Boys and Girls                 • The Children Stay                 • What Is Real (essay)                 • A Conversation (Interview) 9. Law and Disorder. Narratives from Biblical Times to the Present Anonymous, The Judgment of Solomon. John, The Woman Taken in Adultery. Franz Kafka, Before the Law Elizabeth Bishop, The Hanging of the Mouse James Alan McPherson, An Act of Prostitution Sherman Alexie, The Trial of Thomas Builds-the-Fire 10. American Voices: Fiction for a Diverse Nation Lesllie Marmon Silko, The Man to Send Rain Clouds •Jack Forbes, Only Aproved Indians Can Play: Made in USA John Updike, The Rumor Gloria Naylor, The Two • Diana Chang, The Oriental Contingent Katherine Min, Courting a Monk Gish Jen, Who’s Irish? Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson • Katherine Anne Porter, He • Bernard Malamud, Black Is My Favorite Color • Oscar Casares, Yolanda • Michele Serros, Senior Picture Day 11. A Collection of Short Fiction Leo Tolstoy, The Death of Ivan Illych Guy de Maupassant, The Necklace Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper Willa Cather, Paul's Case: A Study in Termperament James Joyce, Araby William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily • William Faulkner, Barn Burning Jorge Luis Borges, The Gospel According to Mark Langston Hughes, One Friday Morning Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal Contemporary Voices.        John Updike, Separating Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried Amy Tan, Two Kinds Helene Marie Viramontes, The Moths Elizabeth Tallent, No One's a Mystery Lorrie Moore, How to Become a Writer Louise Erdrich, The Red Convertible 12. The Novel. Observations on the Novel. Reading Kate Chopin's The Awakening New Orleans in Kate Chopin's Day: An Album of Pictures. Kate Chopin, The Awakening III. POETRY. 13. Approaching Poetry: Responding in Writing Langston Hughes, Harlem. Thinking About “Harlem” Some Journal Entries. Final Draft: Aphra Behn, Song: Love Armed. Journal Entries. A Sample Essay by a Student: “The Double Nature of Love.” 14.   Narrative Poetry Popular Ballads and Other Narrative Poems • Anonymous, There was a young fellow from Riga Anonymous British Ballad, Sir Patrick Spence Anonymous British Ballad, The Demon Lover John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci • A. E. Housman, Bredon Hill • Anonymous African American Ballad,  De Titanic Thomas Hardy, The Convergence of the Twain • Siegfried Sassoon,  The General Countee Cullen, Incident Edward Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory • Thomas Gray, Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes Emily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for Death • John Lennon and Paul McCartney, Eleanor Rigby 15. Lyric Poetry Anonymous, Michael Row the Boat Ashore Anonymous, Careless Love Anonymous, The Colorado Trail Anonymous, Western Wind Julia Ward Howe, Battle Hymn of the Republic   Wendy Cope, Valentine William Shakespeare, Spring William Shakespeare, Winter W. H. Auden, Stop All the Clocks, Cut Off the Telephone Emily Brontë, Spellbound Thomas Hardy, The Self-Unseeing Anonymous African American Spiritual, Go Down, Moses Langston Hughes, Evenin' Air Blues Li-Young Lee, I Ask My Mother to Sing Edna St. Vincent Millay, The Spring and the Fall Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth Walt Whitman, A Noiseless Patient Spider John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn Paul Laurence Dunbar, Sympathy Linda Pastan, Jump Cabling 16. The Speaking Tone of Voice. Emily Dickinson, I'm Nobody! Who are you? Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool. Gwendolyn Brooks, The Mother   Linda Pastan, Marks The Reader as the Speaker. Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning Wislawa Szymborska, The Terrorist, He Watches John Updike, Icarus The Dramatic Monologue. Robert Browning, My Last Duchess Diction and Tone. Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed Walter de la Mare, An Epitaph Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall: To a Young Child. Countee Cullen, For a Lady I Know Lyn Lifshin, My Mother and the Bed The Voice of the Satirist. E.E. Cummings, next to of course god america.i Marge Piercy, Barbie Doll Louise Erdrich, Dear John Wayne                 • Jonathan Swift, A Satiric Elegy on the Death of a Late Famous General                 • Alexander Pope, Engraved on the Collar of a Dog 17. Figurative Language: Simile, Metaphor, Personification, and Apostrophe. Robert Burns, A Red, Red Rose. Sylvia Plath, Metaphors Simile. Richard Wilbur, A Simile for Her Smile Metaphor. John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman's Homer Personification.                 Michael Drayton, Since There’s no help Apostrophe. Edmund Waller, Song William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow Alfred Lord Tennyson, The Eagle Seamus Heaney, Digging                 • Dana Gioia, Money                 • Craig Raine, A Martian Sends a Postcard Home                 • William Shakespeare, Sonnet 130  18. Imagery and Symbolism. William Blake, The Sick Rose Walt Whitman, I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing (FACSIMILE) Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan Frederick Morgan, The Master Claude McKay, The Tropics in New York Adrienne Rich, Diving into the Wreck • Christina Rossetti, Uphill • Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar • Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice Cream • Edgar Allan Poe,  To Helen • Herman Melville, Dupont’s Round Fight • Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones A Note on Haiku. Moritake, Fallen petals rise Sokan, If only we could Shiki, River in summer Writing a Haiku. Taigi, Look, O look, there go Cyber-Haiku 19. Irony Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress John Donne, Holy Sonnet XIV (“Batter my heart, three-personed God”) •  John Donne, The Flea Langston Hughes, Dream Boogie Martin Espada, Tony Went to the Bodega but He Didn't Buy Anything Edna St. Vincent Millay, Love Is Not All: It Is Not Meat nor Drink Sherman Alexie, Evolution • Henry Reed,  Naming of Parts 20. Rhythm and Versification. Ezra Pound, An Immorality A. E. Housman, Eight O'Clock William Carlos Williams, The Dance Robert Francis, The Pitcher Galway Kinnell, Blackberry Eating Versification: A Glossary for Reference. Metrical; Feet Patterns of Sound. Galway Kinnell, Blackberry Eating                 • A Note about Poetic Forms                 Stanzaic Patterns                 • Three Complex Forms: The Sonnet, The Villanelle, and the Sestina The Sonnet Six Sonnets. William Shakespeare, Sonnet 73 (“That time of year thou mayst in me behold”) William Shakespeare, Sonnet 146 (“Poor soul, the center of my sinful earth”) John Milton, When I Consider How My Light Is Spent John Crowe Ransom, Piazza Piece X. J. Kennedy, Nothing in Heaven Functions as It Ought Billy Collins, Sonnet • The Villanelle • Edwin  Arlington Robinson, The House on the Hill Dylan Thomas, Do Not go Gentle into that Good Night • Elizabeth Bishop, One Art • Wendy Cope, Reading Scheme • The Sestina                 • Rudyard Kipling, Sestina of the Tramp-Royal                 • Eizabeth Bishop, Sestina •Shaped Poetry or Pattern Poetry • George Herbert, Easter Wings Lillian Morrison, The Sidewalk Racer Blank Verse and Free Verse.                 Walt Whitman, When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer • The Prose Poem                 • Carolyn Forché, The Colonel 21. In Brief: Writing Arguments About Poetry First Response. Speaker and Tone. Audience. Structure and Form. Center of Interest and Theme. Diction. Sound Effects. A Note on Explication. A Student's Written Response to a Poem. Louise Glück, Gretel in Darkness Student Essay 22. Poets at Work. William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan (three versions) William Butler Yeats, Annunciation William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan (1924) William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan (1933) Cathy Song, Out of Our Hands Walt Whitman, Enfans d'Adam, number 9 • Donald Justice, Elsewheres 23. The Span of Life: 34 Poems, from the Cradle to the Grave. Three Short Long Views. Robert Frost, The Span of Life Sir Walter Raleigh, What Is Our Life? E. E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town Early Years William Blake, Infant Joy William Blake, Infant Sorrow Anonymous, How Many Miles to Babylon? Sharon Olds, Rites of Passage Louise Glück, The School Children Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays Sex, Love, Marriage, Children William Butler Yeats, For Anne Gregory William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116 (“Let me not to the marriage of trueminds”) Kitty Tsui, A Chinese Banquet Frank O'Hara, Homosexuality Edna St.Vincent Millay, Sonnet xli • Wyatt Prunty, Learning the Bicycle Anonymous, Higamus, Hogamus Work, Play, Getting On John Updike, Ex-Basketball Player Rita Dove, Daystar Gary Snyder, Hay for the Horses James Wright, Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy's Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota Marge Piercy, To be of use Last Years Gwendolyn Brooks, The Bean Eaters Robert Burns, John Anderson My Jo William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium Good Nights                 A. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen Anonymous, Swing Low, Sweet Chariot Voices from Below. William Shakespeare, Epitaph (“Good frend for Jesus sake forbeare”) Thomas Hardy, Ah, Are You Digging on My Grave? Edgar Lee Masters, Minerva Jones Edgar Lee Masters, Doctor Meyers Edgar Lee Masters, Mrs. Meyers 24. American Voices: Poems for a Diverse Nation Paula Gunn Allen, Pocahontas to Her English Husband, John Rolfe Robert Frost, The Vanishing Red Aurora Levins Morales, Child of the Americas Joseph Bruchac III, Ellis Island Mitsuye Yamada, To the Lady Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It Claude McKay, America Dudley Randall, The Melting Pot Martin Espada, Bully Jimmy Santiago Baca, So Mexicans Are Taking Jobs from Americans Nila northSun, Moving Camp Too Far Sherman Alexie, On the Amtrak from Boston to New York City Laureen Mar, My Mother, Who Came from China, Where She Never Saw Snow 25. Variations on Themes: Poems and Paintings. Writing about Poems and Paintings A Sample Student Essay Jane Flanders, Van Gogh's Bed Adrienne Rich, Mourning Picture Cathy Song, Beauty and Sadness Carl Phillips, Luncheon on the Grass Anne Sexton, The Starry Night W. H. Auden, Musée des Beaux Arts X. J. Kennedy, Nude Descending a Staircase Sherman Alexie, At Navajo Monument Valley Tribal School. John Updike, Before the Mirror Greg Pape, American Flamingo 26. Three Poets in Depth: Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, and Langston Hughes. On Reading Authors Represented in Depth. Emily Dickinson. These are the days when Birds come back. Papa above? Wild Nights—Wild Nights! There's a certain Slant of light. I got so I could hear his name—. The Soul selects her own Society This  was a Poet—It is That I heard a Fly Buzz—when I died. This  World is not Conclusion. I like to see it lap the Miles. A narrow Fellow in the Grass. Further in Summer than the Birds Tell all the Truth but tell it slant. A Route of Evanesence. Those—dying, then Apparently with no surprise I felt a funeral, in my Brain I felt a Cleaving in my Mind The Dust behind I strove to join Letters about Poetry. Letter to Susan Gilbert (Dickinson). Letters to T.W. Higginson Letter to T.W. Higginson Robert Frost. The Pasture Mending Wall The Wood-Pile. The Road Not Taken. The Telephone. The Oven Bird. The Aim Was Song The Need of Being Versed in Country Things. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Acquainted with the Nigh. Desert Places Design The Silken Tent Come In The Most of It. Robert Frost on Poetry The Figure a Poem Makes From the Constant Symbol Langston Hughes The Negro Speaks of Rivers Mother to Son The Weary Blues The South Ruby Brown. Poet to Patron. Ballad of the Landlord Too Blue Harlem [1]. Theme for English B Poet to Bigot Langston Hughes on Poetry The Negro and the Racial Mountain On the Cultural Achievement of African-Americans 27.  Poetry and Translation A Poem Translated from Spanish, in an Essay by a Student Federico García Lorca, Despedida A Note on Using the First-Person Singular Pronoun in Essays Translating a Poem of your Choice, and Commenting on the Translation Last-Minute Help: Three Spanish Poems Anonymous, Ya se van los pastores Anonymous,  Una gallina con pollos   Gabriela Mistral, El Pensador de Rodin Translating Haiku Basho, Old pond Further Thoughts about Translating Poetry Catullus, Odi et amo Can Poetry Be Translated? Looking at translations of a Poem by Charles Baudelaire Charles Baudelaire, L’Albatros 28. A Collection of Poems. A Note on Folk Ballads Anonymous British Ballad, The Three Ravens Anonymous British Ballad, The Twa Corbies Anonymous British Ballad, Edward Anonymous, John Henry William Shakespeare, Sonnet 29 (“When, in disgrace with Fortune and mens' eyes”) John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning • John Donne, The Flea    Ben Jonson, On My First Son. • Ben Jonson, Still to be Neat • Robert Herrick, Delight in Disorder  William Blake, The Lamb William Blake, The Tyger William Blake, London William Wordsworth, The World Is Too Much with Us William Wordsworth, I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud • William Wordsworth, The Solitary Reaper Phillis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America Lydia Howard Huntley Sigourney, The Indian's Welcome tothe Pilgrim Fathers John Keats, To Autumn Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses Robert Browning, Porphyria’s Lover Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach: A Criticism of Life Gerard Manley Hopkins, God's Grandeur Gerard Manly Hopkins, Pied Beauty James Weldon Johnson, To America William Carlos Williams, Spring and All Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro H.D., Helen T.S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Archibald MacLeish, Ars Poetica Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish Contemporary Voices. Gwendolyn Brooks, Martin Luther King Jr. Anthony Hecht, The Dover Bitch • Robert Bly, Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California • Anne Sexton, Her Kind Adrienne Rich, For the Felling of an Elm in the Harvard Yard • Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers Adrienne Rich, Living in Sin X. J. Kennedy, For Allen Ginsberg • Miller SWilliams,  Listen / 014 Derek Walcott, A Far Cry from Africa Sylvia Plath, Daddy • Linda Pastan, Love Poem Amiri Baraka, A Poem for Black Hearts •  Raymond Carver,  Happiness Lucille Clifton, in the inner city Joseph Brodsky, Love Song Bob Dylan, The Times They Are-A-Changin' Pat Mora, Sonrisas Pat Mora, Illegal Alien Pat Mora, Legal Alien Nikki Giovanni, Master Charge Blues Ellen Bryant Voigt, Quarrel Carol Muske, Chivalry Wendy Rose, Three Thousand Dollar Death Song Diane Ackerman, Pumping Iron Joy Harjo, Vision • Bob Hicok, Man of the House Judith Ortiz Cofer, My Father in the Navy: A Childhood Memory IV. DRAMA 29. Some Elements of Drama Thinking About the Language of Drama. Plot and Character. Susan Glaspell, Trifles Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie A Context for The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams, Production Notes 30. Tragedy A Note on Greek Theater Two Plays by Sophocles Sophocles, Oedipus the King Sophocles, Antigone Two Plays by Shakespeare A Casebook on Hamlet A Note on the Elizabethan Theater A Note on the Text of Hamlet Portfolio: Hamlet on the Stage William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark Ernest Jones, Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex Stanley Wells, On the First Soliloquy Elaine Showalter, Representing Ophelia Claire Bloom, Playing Gertrude on Television Bernice Kliman, The BBC Hamlet: A Television Production Will Saretta, Branagh's Film of Hamlet (student essay) A Note on the Texts of Othello Portfolio: Playing  Othello • William Shakespeare, Othello, the Moor of Venice 31. Comedy William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night's Dream 32.  Two Plays about Marriage Henrik Ibsen, A Doll's House Contexts for A Doll's House Henrik Ibsen, Notes for the Tragedy of Modern Times Henrik Ibsen, Adaptations of A Doll's House for a German Production Henrik Ibsen, Speech at the Banquet of the Norwegian League for Women's Rights Clare Boothe Luce, Slam the Door Softly 33. In Brief: Writing Arguments About Drama. Plot and Conflict. Character. Tragedy. Comedy. Nonverbal Language. The Play in Performance. A Sample Student Essay, Using Sources. 34. American Visions: Plays for a Diverse Nation Jane Martin, Rodeo Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman A Context for Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller, Tragedy and the Common Man Eve Merriam, Paula Wagner, and Jack Hofsiss, Out of Our Father’s House Luis Valdez, Los Vendidos                 A Context for Los Vendidos Luis Valdez, The Actos Harvey Fierstein, On Tidy Endings August Wilson, Fences                 A Context for Fences August Wilson, Talking About Fences V. CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES. 35. Critical Approaches: The Nature of Criticism. Formalist (or New) Criticism. Deconstruction. Reader Response Criticism. Archetypal (or Myth) Criticism. Historical Scholarship Marxist Criticism The New Historicism Biographical Criticism Psychological (or Psychoanalytic) Critcism Gender (Feminist,and Lesbian and Gay) Criticism Suggestions for Further Reading Appendix A: Remarks About Manuscript Form Basic Manuscript Form. Corrections in the Final Copy. Quotations and Quotation Marks. Quotation Marks or Underlining? A Note on the Possessive. Appendix B: Writing a Research Paper. What Research Is Not, and What Research Is. Primary and Secondary Materials. Locating Materials: First Steps. Other Bibliographic Aids. Taking Notes. Two Mechanical Aids: The Photocopier and the Word Processor. A Guide to Note-taking. Drafting the Paper. Keeping a Sense of Proportion. Focus on Primary Sources Documentation. What to Document: Avoiding Plagiarism. How to Document: Footnotes, Internal Parenthetic Citations, and a List of Works Cited (MLA Format). Appendix C: New Approaches to the Research Paper: Literature, History, and the World Wide Web. Case Study on Literature and History: The Internment of Japanese Americans. Literary Texts. Mitsuye Yamada, The Question of Loyalty David Mura, An Argument: On 1942 Historical Sources Basic Reference Books (Short Paper) Getting Deeper (Medium Paper) A Checklist: A Review of Researching a Literary-Historical Paper                 Other Reference Sources (Long Paper)                 Too Much Information? Electronic Sources. Evaluating Sources on the World Wide Web                 A Checklist: A Review for Using the World Wide Web Documentation: Citing a WWW Source MLA General Conventions Additional Print and Electronic Sources                 Search Engines and Directories                 Print Directories                 Print Archives on Literature, History, and the WWW                 Evaluating Websites and Materials                 Recommended WWW Sites for Scholarly Citation and the Internet/WWW Appendix D: Literary Research: Print and Electronic Resources The Basics Moving Ahead: Finding for Research Work Literature: Print Reference Sources Bibliographies History--Reference and Bibliography Sources What Does Your Own Institution Offer? Appendix E: Glossary of Literary Terms.