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Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking

Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking

          
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About the Book

This textbook is ideal for introductory logic courses, as well as critical thinking courses. Salmon offers instructors a unique approach: she presents material on inductive reasoning before deductive reasoning. Numerous examples and problems allow students to check their mastery of a topic. This authoritative textbook presents logic and critical thinking in an accessible way, allowing students to use their new skills in their daily life as well as in the classroom. Features: * Each chapter opens with a chapter outline and ends with a review section with a glossary of new terms. * Presents a variety of examples and exercises throughout each chapter to demonstrate the usefulness of critical thinking skills in everyday life. * Appendixes cover the proof method for truth-functional logic and fallacies. New to this edition: * Over 20 per cent new exercises are included ranging from simple to more difficult. * Answers to odd-numbered exercises appear in the back of the book for students to self-check their work: answers to remaining exercises are in the INSTRUCTOR'S SOLUTIONS MANUAL. * Material on the language of arguments now appears earlier in the text (Chapter 2). * Treatment of fallacies has been expanded.

Table of Contents:
Part I: Introduction to Arguments. Arguments. Recognizing Arguments. Extended Arguments. Reconstructing Arguments. Part II: Paying Special Attention to the Language of Arguments. Ambiguity. Vagueness. Definition. Part III: Deductive Arguments, Inductive Arguments, Fallacies. Deductive Arguments. Inductive Arguments. Fallacies. Part IV: A Closer Look at Inductive Arguments. Statistical Syllogisms. Arguments from Analogy. Arguments Based on Samples. Extended Inductive Arguments. Part V: Causal Arguments. Mill's Method for Establishing Causal Claims. Controlled Experiments. Different Uses of "Cause". Hume's Analysis of Causation. Causal Fallacies. Part VI: Probabilities and Inductive Logic. The Rules of Probability. Decision Theory: Using Probabilities to Plan a Course of Action. Part VII: Deductive Reasoning: Conditional Arguments. Properties of Deductive Arguments: Validity and the Importance of Logical Form. Conditional Sentences. Conditional Arguments. Fallacies Associated with Conditional Arguements. Part VIII: Confirmation of Hypotheses. Hypotheses. The Hypothetico-Deductive Method. Complexities in the Hypothetico-Deductive Method. Incremental Confirmation and "Absolute" Confirmation. Disconfirmation. Bayesian Confirmation. Part IX: Arguments in Which Validity Depends on Connections Among Sentences. Symbolizing Connectives. Symbolizing English Sentences. Determining the Truth Values of Compound Sentence Forms. Determining the Validity or Invalidity of Argument Forms. Tautologies, Self-Contradictions, And Contingent Sentences. Logic and Computers: Application of Truth-Functional Logic. Part X: Categorical Syllogisms. Categorical Sentences. Translating English Sentences Into Standard Categorical Forms. Testing for Validity with Venn Diagrams. Distribution of Terms. Rules for Testing the Validity of Syllogisms. Reducing the Number of Terms in Syllogisms. Reconstructing Ordinary-Language Arguments as Syllogisms. Quasi-Syllogisms and Sorites. Part XI: Arguments in Which Validity Depends on Relationships. Examples of Relational Arguments. Important Properties of Relationships. Using Quantifiers to Express Relationships. Symbolizing Arguments.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9780155430648
  • Publisher: Cengage Learning, Inc
  • Publisher Imprint: Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc
  • Edition: Revised edition
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: N
  • Width: 814.999 mm
  • ISBN-10: 0155430645
  • Publisher Date: 25 Nov 1994
  • Binding: Hardback
  • Height: 230 mm
  • No of Pages: 416
  • Weight: 815 gr


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