INTRODUCTION TO THEORETICAL AND MATHEMATICAL FLUID DYNAMICS A practical treatment of mathematical fluid dynamics In Introduction to Theoretical and Mathematical Fluid Dynamics, distinguished researcher Dr. Bhimsen K. Shivamoggi delivers a comprehensive and insightful exploration of fluid dynamics from a mathematical point of view. The book introduces readers to the mathematical study of fluid behavior and highlights areas of active research in fluid dynamics. With coverage of advances in the field over the last 15 years, this book provides in-depth examinations of theoretical and mathematical fluid dynamics with a particular focus on incompressible and compressible fluid flows. Introduction to Theoretical and Mathematical Fluid Dynamics includes practical applications and exercises to illustrate the concepts discussed within, and real-world examples are explained throughout the text. Clear and explanatory material accompanies the rigorous mathematics, making the book perfect for students seeking to learn and retain this complex subject. The book also offers: A thorough introduction to the basic concepts and equations of fluid dynamics, including an introduction to the fluid model, the equations of fluid flows, and surface tension effects Comprehensive explorations of the dynamics of incompressible fluid flows, fluid kinematics and dynamics, the complex-variable method, and three-dimensional irrotational flows Detailed discussions of the dynamics of compressible fluid flows, including a review of thermodynamics, isentropic fluid flows, potential flows, and nonlinear theory of plane sound waves Systematic discussions of the dynamics of viscous fluid flows, including shear-layer flow, jet flow and wake flow. Ideal for graduate-level students taking courses on mathematical fluid dynamics as part of a program in mathematics, engineering, or physics, Introduction to Theoretical and Mathematical Fluid Dynamics is also an indispensable resource for practicing applied mathematicians, engineers, and physicists.

Table of Contents:
Contents Preface to the Third Edition xv Acknowledgments xvii Part I Basic Concepts and Equations of Fluid Dynamics 1 1 Introduction to the Fluid Model 3 1.1 The Fluid State 4 1.2 Description of the Flow-Field 5 1.3 Volume Forces and Surface Forces 7 1.4 Relative Motion Near a Point 10 1.5 Stress–Strain Relations 13 2 Equations of Fluid Flows 15 2.1 The Transport Theorem 16 2.2 The Material Derivative 18 2.3 The Law of Conservation of Mass 18 2.4 Equation of Motion 19 2.5 The Energy Equation 19 2.6 The Equation of Vorticity 22 2.7 The Incompressible Fluid 23 2.8 Boundary Conditions 24 2.9 A Program for Analysis of the Governing Equations 25 3 Hamiltonian Formulation of Fluid-Flow Problems 27 3.1 Hamiltonian Dynamics of Continuous Systems 28 3.2 Three-Dimensional Incompressible Flows 32 3.3 Two-Dimensional Incompressible Flows 35 4 Surface Tension Effects 39 4.1 Shape of the Interface between Two Fluids 39 4.2 Capillary Rises in Liquids 41 Part II Dynamics of Incompressible Fluid Flows 45 5 Fluid Kinematics and Dynamics 47 5.1 Stream Function 47 5.2 Equations of Motion 50 5.3 Integrals of Motion 50 5.4 Capillary Waves on a Spherical Drop 51 5.5 Cavitation 54 5.6 Rates of Change of Material Integrals 55 5.7 The Kelvin Circulation Theorem 57 5.8 The Irrotational Flow 58 5.9 Simple-Flow Patterns 62 (i) The Source Flow 62 (ii) The Doublet Flow 63 (iii) The Vortex Flow 66 (iv) Doublet in a Uniform Stream 66 (v) Uniform Flow Past a Circular Cylinder with Circulation 67 6 The Complex-Variable Method 71 6.1 The Complex Potential 71 6.2 Conformal Mapping of Flows 74 6.3 Hydrodynamic Images 82 6.4 Principles of Free-Streamline Flow 84 (i) Schwarz-Christoffel Transformation 84 (ii) Hodograph Method 93 7 Three-Dimensional Irrotational Flows 99 7.1 Special Singular Solutions 99 (i) The Source Flow 99 (ii) The Doublet Flow 101 7.2 d’Alembert’s Paradox 104 7.3 Image of a Source in a Sphere 105 7.4 Flow Past an Arbitrary Body 107 7.5 Unsteady Flows 109 7.6 Renormalized (or Added) Mass of Bodies Moving through a Fluid 111 8 Vortex Flows 115 8.1 Vortex Tubes 115 8.2 Induced Velocity Field 117 8.3 Biot-Savart’s Law 117 8.4 von Kármán Vortex Street 121 8.5 Vortex Ring 124 8.6 Hill’s Spherical Vortex 129 8.7 Vortex Sheet 131 8.8 Vortex Breakdown: Brooke Benjamin’s Theory 135 9 Rotating Flows 143 9.1 Governing Equations and Elementary Results 143 9.2 Taylor-Proudman Theorem 144 9.3 Propagation of Inertial Waves in a Rotating Fluid 146 9.4 Plane Inertial Waves 147 9.5 Forced Wavemotion in a Rotating Fluid 150 (i) The Elliptic Case 153 (ii) The Hyperbolic Case 154 9.6 Slow Motion along the Axis of Rotation 155 9.7 Rossby Waves 160 10 Water Waves 167 10.1 Governing Equations 168 10.2 A Variational Principle for Surface Waves 169 10.3 Water Waves in a Semi-Infinite Fluid 171 10.4 Water Waves in a Fluid Layer of Finite Depth 172 10.5 Shallow-Water Waves 174 (i) Analogy with Gas Dynamics 175 (ii) Breaking of Waves 176 10.6 Water Waves Generated by an Initial Displacement over a Localized Region 176 10.7 Waves on a Steady Stream 182 (i) One-Dimensional Gravity Waves 183 (ii) One-Dimensional Capillary-Gravity Waves 184 (iii) Ship Waves 185 10.8 Gravity Waves in a Rotating Fluid 188 10.9 Theory of Tides 193 10.10 Hydraulic Jump 195 (i) Tidal Bores 195 (ii) The Dam-Break Problem 199 10.11 Nonlinear Shallow-Water Waves 202  (i) Solitary Waves 206 (ii) Periodic Cnoidal Waves 208 (iii) Interacting Solitary Waves 214 (iv) Stokes Waves 219 (v) Modulational Instability and Envelope Solutions 220 10.12 Nonlinear Capillary-Gravity Waves 230 (i) Resonant Three-Wave Interactions 230 (ii) Second-Harmonic Resonance 235 11 Applications to Aerodynamics 241 11.1 Airfoil Theory: Method of Complex Variables 242 (i) Force and Moments on an Arbitrary Body 242 (ii) Flow Past an Arbitrary Cylinder 245 (iii) Flow Around a Flat Plate 248 (iv) Flow Past an Airfoil 250 (v) The Joukowski Transformation 253 11.2 Thin Airfoil Theory 259 (i) Thickness Problem 262 (ii) Camber Problem  264 (iii) Flat Plate at an Angle of Attack 269 (iv) Combined Aerodynamic Characteristics  271 (v) The Leading-Edge Problem of a Thin Airfoil  271 11.3 Slender-Body Theory 275 11.4 Prandtl’s Lifting-Line Theory for Wings 277 11.5 Oscillating Thin-Airfoil Problem: Theodorsen’s Theory 282 Part III Dynamics of Compressible Fluid Flows 297 12 Review of Thermodynamics 299 12.1 Thermodynamic System and Variables of State 299 12.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Reversible and Irreversible Processes 300 12.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 303 12.4 Entropy 304 12.5 Liquid and Gaseous Phases 307 13 Isentropic Fluid Flows  309 13.1 Applications of Thermodynamics to Fluid Flows 309 13.2 Linear Sound Wave Propagation 310 13.3 The Energy Equation 310 13.4 Stream-Tube Area and Flow Velocity Relations 312 14 Potential Flows 317 14.1 Governing Equations 317 14.2 Streamline Coordinates 319 14.3 Conical Flows: Prandtl-Meyer Flow 320 14.4 Small Perturbation Theory 324 14.5 Characteristics 326 (i) Compatibility Conditions in Streamline Coordinates 328 (ii) A Singular-Perturbation Problem for Hyperbolic Systems 331 15 Nonlinear Theory of Plane Sound Waves 343 15.1 Riemann Invariants 343 15.2 Simple Wave Solutions 344 15.3 Nonlinear Propagation of a Sound Wave 352 15.4 Nonlinear Resonant Three-Wave Interactions of Sound Waves 355 15.5 Burgers Equation 361 16 Shock Waves 371 16.1 The Normal Shock Wave 371 16.2 The Oblique Shock Wave 384 16.3 Blast Waves: Taylor’s Self-similarity and Sedov’s Exact Solution 387 17 The Hodograph Method 393 17.1 The Hodograph Transformation of Potential Flow Equations 393 17.2 The Chaplygin Equation 394 17.3 The Tangent-Gas Approximation 396 17.4 The Lost Solution 401 17.5 The Limit Line 402 18 Applications to Aerodynamics 411 18.1 Thin Airfoil Theory 411 (i) Thin Airfoil in Linearized Supersonic Flows 411 (ii) Far-Field Behavior of Supersonic Flow Past a Thin Airfoil 414 (iii) Thin Airfoil in Transonic Flows 417 18.2 Slender Bodies of Revolution 420 18.3 Oscillating Thin Airfoil in Subsonic Flows: Possio’s Theory 427 18.4 Oscillating Thin Airfoils in Supersonic Flows: Stewartson’s Theory 435 Part IV Dynamics of Viscous Fluid Flows 439 19 Exact Solutions to Equations of Viscous Fluid Flows 441 19.1 Channel Flows  442 19.2 Decay of a Line Vortex: The Lamb-Oseen Vortex  443 19.3 Line Vortex in a Uniform Stream 446 19.4 Diffusion of a Localized Vorticity Distribution 446 19.5 Burgers Vortex  451 19.6 Flow Due to a Suddenly Accelerated Plane  453 19.7 The Round Laminar Jet: Landau-Squire Solution 456 19.8 Ekman Layer at a Free Surface in a Rotating Fluid 459 19.9 Centrifugal Flow Due to a Rotating Disk: von Kármán Solution 462 19.10 Shock Structure: Becker’s Solution 464 19.11 Couette Flow of a Gas 467 20 Flows at Low Reynolds Numbers 469 20.1 Dimensional Analysis 469 20.2 Stokes’ Flow Past a Rigid Sphere: Stokes’ Formula 470 20.3 Stokes’ Flow Past a Spherical Drop 474 20.4 Stokes’ Flow Past a Rigid Circular Cylinder: Stokes’ Paradox 478 20.5 Oseen’s Flow Past a Rigid Sphere 479 20.6 Oseen’s Approximation for Periodically Oscillating Wakes 483 21 Flows at High Reynolds Numbers 489 21.1 Prandtl’s Boundary-Layer Concept  489 21.2 The Method of Matched Asymptotic Expansions 490 21.3 Location and Nature of the Boundary Layers 497 21.4 Incompressible Flow Past a Flat Plate  500 (i) The Outer Expansion  501 (ii) The Inner Expansion 502 (iii) Flow Due to Displacement Thickness 507 21.5 Separation of Flow in a Boundary Layer: Landau’s Theory 509 21.6 Boundary Layers in Compressible Flows 512 (i) Crocco’s Integral 514 (ii) Flow Past a Flat Plate: Howarth-Dorodnitsyn Transformation 516 21.7 Flow in a Mixing Layer between Two Parallel Streams 517 (i) Geometrical Characteristics of the Mixing Flow 520 21.8 Narrow Jet: Bickley’s Solution  521 21.9 Wakes  524 21.10 Periodic Boundary Layer Flows 524 22 Jeffrey-Hamel Flow  529 22.1 The Exact Solution 529 (i) Only 𝑒1 Is Real and Positive 531 (ii) 𝑒1, 𝑒2, and 𝑒3 Are Real and Distinct  532 22.2 Flows at Low Reynolds Numbers 535 22.3 Flows at High Reynolds Numbers 541 References 545 Bibliography 549 Index 551