“The definitive master class in performance tuning Java applications…if you love all the gory details, this is the book for you.” –James Gosling, creator of the Java Programming Language   Improvements in the Java platform and new multicore/multiprocessor hardware have made it possible to dramatically improve the performance and scalability of Java software. Java™ Performance covers the latest Oracle and third-party tools for monitoring and measuring performance on a wide variety of hardware architectures and operating systems. The authors present dozens of tips and tricks you’ll find nowhere else. You’ll learn how to construct experiments that identify opportunities for optimization, interpret the results, and take effective action. You’ll also find powerful insights into microbenchmarking–including how to avoid common mistakes that can mislead you into writing poorly performing software. Then, building on this foundation, you’ll walk through optimizing the Java HotSpot VM, standard and multitiered applications; Web applications, and more. Coverage includes Taking a proactive approach to meeting application performance and scalability goals Monitoring Java performance at the OS level in Windows, Linux, and Oracle Solaris environments Using modern Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and OS observability tools to profile running systems, with almost no performance penalty Gaining “under the hood” knowledge of the Java HotSpot VM that can help you address most Java performance issues Integrating JVM-level and application monitoring Mastering Java method and heap (memory) profiling Tuning the Java HotSpot VM for startup, memory footprint, response time, and latency Determining when Java applications require rework to meet performance goals Systematically profiling and tuning performance in both Java SE and Java EE applications Optimizing the performance of the Java HotSpot VM Using this book, you can squeeze maximum performance and value from all your Java applications–no matter how complex they are, what platforms they’re running on, or how long you’ve been running them.

Table of Contents:
Foreword by James Gosling         xi Foreword by Steve Wilson         xiii Preface         xv Acknowledgments         xix About the Authors         xxi   Chapter 1:  Strategies, Approaches, and Methodologies   1 Forces at Play   2 Two Approaches, Top Down and Bottom Up   5 Choosing the Right Platform and Evaluating a System   8 Bibliography   11   Chapter 2: Operating System Performance Monitoring         13 Definitions   14 CPU Utilization   14 CPU Scheduler Run Queue   28 Memory Utilization   32 Network I/O Utilization   41 Disk I/O Utilization   46 Additional Command Line Tools   49 Monitoring CPU Utilization on SPARC T-Series Systems   50 Bibliography   53   Chapter 3: JVM Overview   55 HotSpot VM High Level Architecture   56 HotSpot VM Runtime   58 HotSpot VM Garbage Collectors   80 HotSpot VM JIT Compilers   92 HotSpot VM Adaptive Tuning   100 References   106   Chapter 4: JVM Performance Monitoring         107 Definitions   108 Garbage Collection   108 JIT Compiler   146 Class Loading   147 Java Application Monitoring   150 Bibliography   153   Chapter 5: Java Application Profiling         155 Terminology   157 Oracle Solaris Studio Performance Analyzer   159 NetBeans Profiler   189 References   209   Chapter 6: Java Application Profiling Tips and Tricks         211 Performance Opportunities   211 System or Kernel CPU Usage   212 Lock Contention   222 Volatile Usage   234 Data Structure Resizing   235 Increasing Parallelism   243 High CPU Utilization   246 Other Useful Analyzer Tips   247 Bibliography   249   Chapter 7: Tuning the JVM, Step by Step          251 Methodology   252 Application Systemic Requirements   255 Rank Systemic Requirements   257 Choose JVM Deployment Model   58 Choose JVM Runtime   259 GC Tuning Fundamentals   262 Determine Memory Footprint   268 Tune Latency/Responsiveness   278 Tune Application Throughput   307 Edge Cases   316 Additional Performance Command Line Options   316 Bibliography   321   Chapter 8: Benchmarking Java Applications         323 Challenges with Benchmarks   324 Design of Experiments   347 Use of Statistical Methods   348 Reference   355 Bibliography   355   Chapter 9: Benchmarking Multitiered Applications         357 Benchmarking Challenges   357 Enterprise Benchmark Considerations   360 Application Server Monitoring   382 Profiling Enterprise Applications   399 Bibliography   401   Chapter 10: Web Application Performance         403 Benchmarking Web Applications   404 Web Container Components   405 Web Container Monitoring and Performance Tunings   408 Best Practices   427 Bibliography   450   Chapter 11: Web Services Performance         453 XML Performance   454 Validation   460 Resolving External Entities   462 Partial Processing of XML Documents   465 Selecting the Right API   468 JAX-WS Reference Implementation Stack   471 Web Services Benchmarking   473 Factors That Affect Web Service Performance   477 Performance Best Practices   486 Bibliography   503   Chapter 12: Java Persistence and Enterprise Java Beans Performance         505 EJB Programming Model   506 The Java Persistence API and Its Reference Implementation   507 Monitoring and Tuning the EJB Container   511 Transaction Isolation Level   521 Best Practices in Enterprise Java Beans   522 Best Practices in Java Persistence   540 Bibliography   551   Appendix A: HotSpot VM Command Line Options of Interest         553   Appendix B: Profiling Tips and Tricks Example Source Code         573 Lock Contention First Implementation   573 Lock Contention Second Implementation   583 Lock Contention Third Implementation   593 Lock Contention Fourth Implementation   603 Lock Contention Fifth Implementation   613 First Resizing Variant   624 Second Resizing Variant   636 Increasing Parallelism Single-Threaded Implementation   647 Increasing Parallelism Multithreaded Implementation   657   Index         669