Sanjay Sahni was living an araam zindagi in Delhi, working as an electrician, until a chance encounter with a computer sent him hurtling into the labyrinth that is the NREGA-one of the worlds largest rural poverty alleviation programmes-and the corruption within. It led him back to his village, where eventually, he and his comrades (primarily women from the Dalit and most backward castes) formed the anti-corruption group Manrega Watch. Their tale is one strand of village politics, a story of resilience among citizens, those outside the system.But what of the insiders The complex local-state unit of the village has at the top a mukhiya, who, like the one in Sanjays village, wields great power, even to do harm. Ward members-closest to their constituents and the most socially representative group in the panchayati raj system-are at the bottom of this structure.Development economist M.R. Sharan brings these two interweaving strands of insiders and outsiders together to tell a tale of hope: that those on the margins can challenge entrenched hierarchies. Through government action-reservation, decentralisation, transparency measures-and through citizenly engagement, social movements and elections, change is possible, if not necessarily easy. Take the resourceful ward member, Kamal Manjhi, who repurposed the grievance redressal system to complain against the state: this was essentially a member of the local state, using a state mechanism to arm-twist another part of the state to do its job.Last Among Equals eschews the usual sweeping narratives of national and state politics, reaching instead for the swirling, vivid sub-narratives that escape easy categorisations, the darkness of the material leavened with deep empathy. The result is a captivating, often searing narrative of how lives are lived in the villages of Bihar-and indeed in much of India. Review Praise for Last Among EqualsLast Among Equals mirrors the extraordinary perspicacity and complexity of village politics, seen through the lens of Bihar Manrega Watch, and is a counterpoint to the larger political discourse. M.R. Sharan holds the narrative together with sensitivity and deep understanding, tracing the journeys of remarkable human beings not born to privilege. It tells us that people, not statistics and theory, shape power and caste politics. This excellent book is invaluable reading for everyone bothered by inequality and injustice.- Aruna Roy, Activist and Founder-member of the MKSS, NCPRI and SFDA fascinating personal odyssey and the trajectory of an underdeveloped state (Bihar), insiders and outsiders, effecting and impeding social change, the hideous hierarchy of caste and its frustratingly resolute persistence, the abuse of power and mechanisms to limit it: in Last Among Equals, M.R. Sharan boldly attempts all of these, combining the rigour of an academic with the engaging passion of a grounded citizen. And he succeeds.- Arvind Subramanian, Former Chief Economic Advisor, Government of IndiaHow do people come together to claim their rights How do they voice their aspirations, articulate their grievances What builds solidarity What must a person leave behind to lead such a movement With a clear eye for detail and a riveting style, M.R. Sharan tells a story of mukhiyas and mazdoors, of dominant insiders and the marginalised, of a constitutional amendment as it takes shape on the ground, and of what sparks social change. In narrating the story of the peoples movement of Muzaffarpur, he brings together the individual characters, the words, and the feeling of what he saw: a movement inspired by what Albert Hirschman might have called the passion for what is possible. A fascinating read for anyone who cares about India.- Uma Mahadevan-Dasgupta, Civil ServantThis brilliant and insightful book helps us understand how local politics and citizen activism work in rural Bihar to influence peoples lives. I